高考英语短文改错解题指导教学设计及反思.doc

高考英语短文改错解题指导教学设计及反思一 教学设计的背景随着新课程改革的深入,新的高中英语新课程标准的颁布，各地高考英语试题的变革也势在必行。为与新教材,新课标接轨,在继承历年命题传统的基础上,力求命题符合高中英语教学实际,试卷在内容和形式上进行了创新和发展,设置了新的题型。其中的能力指向是考查考生的语言能力，这体现了新课改的要求和方向。 二 教学内容分析短文改错主要测试考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力，进而考查他们用词、词的拼写与搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面的水平。对短文改错的解题指导应让学生了解命题特点、考查内容、设题类型、分项训练入手，进而到最后的语篇训练，层层递进，解决学生的困惑，突破学习的盲点，最终提高解题能力。三 学习者分析学生的语言基础薄弱，对基本词汇的词性功能、句法结构、语法运用都存在很大的漏洞。学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力比较欠缺，造成短文改错的得分率很低。但学生的学习积极性很高，渴望提高解题能力。急需老师对短文改错的答题方法进行详细的指导。四 教学重难点1. 指导学生把握不同词性的词，包括实词和虚词的常见错误形式。2. 学会分析句与句、行与行之间的逻辑关系。3. 学会运用短文改错口诀解题和检测答案。五 教学目标知识目标：学生能掌握不同词性的词，包括实词和虚词的常见错误形式，能掌握分析句与句、行与行之间的逻辑关系。能力目标：能灵活运用口诀答题。能在语篇改错中提高正确率。六 教学策略与情感、态度与价值观采用自主学习策略，合作与交流策略和阅读策略。运用直观手段-视频调动学生学习的积极性，帮助学生理解和掌握短文改错的答题方法和诀窍。七教学设计Step1. Lead-in 考点年份名词动词形&副非谓语代词冠词介词连词2010 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2011 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2012 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2013 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2014 1 1 4 1 2 1 2015 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 T: The table shows the main test points of proofread during the last six years. We can find it covers a wide range of different parts of speech. And the test points of each year are nearly equally distributed. (教师展示2010-2011年全国新课标（I卷）短文改错的测试内容统计，并进行分析。)Step2 Analysis of setting1. Discussion: What does proofreading mainly test?（学生讨论短文改错主要考什么，老师进而引导学生明确答题时要考虑的3个方面。）T：Proofreading mainly test morphology, syntax and logic. Morphology refers to the usages of words of parts of speech, and syntax refers to the usages of simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences. Logic is the logical relationship between sentences, even between lines. So if we want to improve the skills of proofreading , we should master these three aspect step by step.2. Question: What are the types of errors?T: There are three types of errors. What are they?S: Wrong word, missing word, unnecessary word. T: Wrong words are usually notional word, that is, noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun and numeral. But missing word and unnecessary word are function word, that is article, preposition and conjunction. Also, during 2012-2015, the rate of setting is 8:1:1.(提醒学生错词一般是实词，而缺词和多词一般是虚词。常见的错误设置比例是8:1:1)Step3 分项训练：T: So lets focus on the common mistakes of notional word and function word.(通过单句改错训练，让学生归纳常见错误,最后教师总结)1.名词 (noun)1） He was tall with broad shoulder and a beard . (2013全国I) 2）In that clothes shop only mans clothes are sold. 3) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. (2015全国I) (Answers: 1. shoulder改成shoulders 2. mans改成 mens 3. airs 改成air )S1：第一题的错误是没分清名词单复数形式，所以我们要特别注意名词的“数”S2：第二题错误是名词所有歌形式错误。S3：第三题错误是不可数名词误用复数。T: So the common mistakes of nouns lie in misusing the singular form and plurality form, misusing the possessive case if nouns and the forms of uncountable nouns.The common uncountable nouns : information, equipment, news, time, money, advice, furniture, progress, fun.2. 动词 (verb)1) I was only four when she passes away.（2013全国I ） 2) He said the bike outside my house was belonged to Tom.3) Dont be panic or get out of line , and trying to remain quiet and calm.（2014四川卷） 4) As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.(Answers: 1. Passes改成passed. 2. 去掉was. 3. Trying改成try. 4. are 改成is)S1：第一题的错误是动词时态错误S2：第二题错误是动词语态错误， belong to 没有被动语态。S3：第三题错误是主谓不一致。T：So the common mistakes of verbsoften focus on the tenses and voices of verbs, the forms of words before and after and are not the same, the verb disagrees with its subject in person and number.3. 形容词或副词 (adjective or adverb)1) I was beginning to get impatiently. （2013陕西） 2) There are new-built houses along the bank of the river.3) My mother makes the better biscuits in the world, so . （2015陕西） (Answers: 1. Impatiently 改成impatient. 2. new-built 改成newly-built. 3. better改成best)S1：第一题的错误是系动词get后必须跟形容词而不是副词。S2：第二题错误动词built必须用副词newly来修饰。S3：第三题错误是形容词比较等级错误句中出现in the word应用最高级 。T：So the common mistakes of adj. and adv often focus on misusing adj and adv, misusing the comparative degree and superlative degree. 4. 非谓语动词 (nonfinite verb)1) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. （2013全国II） 2) I want to thank you again for have in your home for .3) Felt hungry, we built a fire and barbecued the fish.（2013陕西）4) My parents will do all they can make sure .(Answers: 1. have改成having. 2. have改成having . 3. Felt 改成feeling. 4. Can后补上to. )S1：第一题的错误是动词不能充当主语，必须用动名词当主语。S2：第二题错误是介词后跟doing.S3：第三题错误是feel与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，必须用Feeling.S4: 第四题的错误是do all they can 相当于do ones best,后需跟to do.T：So the common mistakes of nonfinite word are that the form of gerund as subjective or objective is mistaken, the misusing of the present participle and the past participle.5. 冠词 (article)1) , but I miss my home in countryside.（2015全国I） 2) To keep the balance of the nature, China built a “Great Green Wall”. 3) Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. （2015浙江） 4) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (Answers: 1. countryside前补上the. 2. 去掉nature前的the. 3. 把a 改成an. 4. 把my 改成a.)S1：第一题的错误是固定用法错用，漏掉the.S2：第二题错误也是固定用法错误，nature前不用theS3：第三题错误是average是元音开头，必须用an.S4: 第四题的错误是惯用法记日记必须用keep a diary.T：So the common mistakes of article lie in the mistakes of fixed phrases and idioms, the misusing of definite article and indefinite article.6. 代词 (pronoun)1) We must find ways to protect your environment. （2015全国I）2) I often watched they carefully to learn the techniques.3) He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others. （2013全国I） 4) This is the best film which I have ever seen. (Answers: 1. your改成our. 2. they 改成their. 3.himself 改成him. 4. which改成that.)S1：第一题的错误是人称代词指代错误。S2：第二题错误人称代词的格错误，动词后应用宾格。S3：第三题错误是反身代词himself 与主语之间没有存在互相指代的关系，不能用反身代词。S4: 第四题的错误是定语从句关系词which 错误，因为先行词film被最高级the best修饰，所以自能用that.T：So the common mistakes of pronouns are that the case of pronoun is mistaken and the mistake of the relative pronoun in the attributive clause.7. 介词 (preposition)1) Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. （2014全国II)2) A great many of students would like to give up drinking. 3) Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket. (2014浙江） (Answers: 1. with改成for. 2. 去掉of. 3. Searching后补上for ) S1：第一题的错误介词与动词搭配错误。S2：第二题错误a great many 是固定短语，后不跟介词of.S3：第三题错误混淆了search与search for 的区别。T：So the common mistakes of preposition lie in the mistakes of fixed phrases and idioms.8. 连词 (conjunction)1) We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. （2014陕西） 2) If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. （2014四川） 3) Whatever you do, and Ill be right here waiting for you.4) It was about noon before we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(Answers: 1. but改成and. 2. 去掉when. 3. 去掉and. 4. 把before改成when)T：So the common mistakes of conjunction lie in the misusing of and, but, or, so,the mistakes of leading word in noun clause and adverbial clause. So we must analyse the logical relationship between sentences.Step4. 应试点睛1. Play a video.播放视频短文改错口诀视频（小苹果版）让学生加深印象，对不同词性的错误形式进行巩固。同时也调动了学生的兴趣。2. Show the limerick on the screen.展示口诀，让学生熟记口诀，以便答题时不要有所缺漏。提醒学生可以课后学唱口诀歌。动 词 形， 名 词 数， 还 要 注 意 形 和 副； 非 谓 语， 细 辨 别， 介 词, 短语 常 常 考； 习 惯 用 法 要 记 牢。代 词 格, 细 领 悟； 句 子 成 分 多 分 析;冠 词 连 词 常 关 顾； 逻 辑 错 误 须 关 注。 A limerick 3. Tips & steps:Question：What are your steps while doing proofreading?(让学生谈做短文改错时的解题步骤，然后老师进行更正总结)T: The true steps areas follows:1) Read through the passage and get the general idea. 2) Read in sentences and analyze morphology, syntax and logic.3) Correct errors line by line. 4) Read the passage again and check the answers based on the limerick. T: So the right order of the steps are:文章 句子 行 文章 5. Make sure symbols are to be standardized. Step5. 语篇训练1. A sample.教师展示一片学生写过的一篇书面表达，要求学生小组讨论错误在哪，并分析原因和套用的具体口诀Im very glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you express your wish to know about mine recent life.With the College Entrance Examination approach, I feel stressed. Fortunate, I have been adjusted my attitude to my study quickly and now I feel much better than before. You know, my English is a little weak, and now I spend at least one hour reading English and listening English every day. However, I think its not enough. I will make a flexible schedule to balancemy study and life. Limited although time is, I will spare some time to play some outdoor activity every day. I am confident that I will make a great progress . Thank you for your care. （Answers: 1. Express改成expressed. 2. mine改成 my. 3. Approach改成approaching. 4. Fortunate改成Unfortunately. 5. 去掉been. 6. And改成so. 7. listening 后补上to. 8. Although改成as / though. 9. activity 改成activities. 10. 去掉aSs analyze the reasons and t of tell the limerick.2. Four principles:T: While doing proofreading ,we should follow the four principles.（教师说明四大原则，并举例说明） 错误以改动最少为好的原则。 实词以改变形式为好的原则。 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 虚词以添加或删除为原则。 They are afraid of I will feel lonely. 原意应保持不变的原则。 But I know a bull can run more faster than a man. 2. Four aspects unchangedT reminds the students to remember four aspects unchanged. They are the punctuation, spelling, the order of words and capital and low-case letters.Step6. PracticeT gets the students to finish the following proofreading, then check the answers.Last Tuesday, the Students Union in our school advised Senior Three students shall do something specially for their parents on their 18th birthdays. All the students are active in responding it and most of them have come up with their ideas. Some choose to write a letter, saying its a best way to express their appreciations as well as love for their parents. Others will prefer to cook a big meal to show that theyve already grown up.As for me, I want to comb hair and wash feet for my parents. By doing which my parents have been doing for me I can really know how much theyve devoted to bring me up. Being 18 years old mean