江苏高考英语二轮增分策略专题二完形填空第二节分类突破题型三说明文优选习题.docx

三、说明文Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 1 .He knows what he wants，and his 2 is to find it and buy it.All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .1A.detail BhurryCadvance Dmind答案C解析根据下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。2A.advice BgoalCdemand Dquestion答案B解析既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。3A.quickly BimmediatelyCsoon Dsimply答案D解析所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。4A.often BconstantlyCnormally Dfinally答案A解析如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。5A.confidence BamusementCsatisfaction Dsurprise答案C解析解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。6A.time Bevent Csituation Dcase答案D解析如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。7A.gives BoffersCpresents Ddelivers答案B解析解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。8A.skillfully BattentivelyCactively Dcarefully答案A解析好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。9A.occurs BhappensCcomes Dtakes答案B解析先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。10A.patience BinterestCexpectation Dexperience答案A解析根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。11A.losing BspendingCgiving Dwasting答案D解析这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。12A.same BcleverCopposite Dsimilar答案C解析对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。13A.relied BbasedCdone Drelated答案B解析女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。14A.open BreadyCclose Dhappy答案A解析根据后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth.和be happy to sth.句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。15A.nobody BsomebodyCeverybody Danybody答案C解析在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。16A.deal BsurpriseCluck Dbargain答案D解析根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。17A.after BasCbefore Dby答案C解析面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。18A.try on Btry outCtry up Dtry for答案A解析参考上题解析。19A.tiring BenjoyableCboring Dgraceful答案B解析这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。20A.customers BassistantsCwives Dhusbands答案D解析男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。一、题型解读说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。 与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：1文章多用一般现在时态。 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时态。2语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。3文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。二、解题技巧1明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。2弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。 另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。Laziness is a state of 1inaction.It is something that you do，not something that you are.Being lazy means you have no 1 to do anything.Many people are 2 themselves to be someone who is lazy.In this article，I am going to 3 with you something that will help you see this 7state of inaction in a(n) 4 way.Lazy people are often seen as useless. 5 ，are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy？Acting lazy is suggesting that your laziness is 6 .But being lazy suggests that it lasts long.Many people are not really lazy；they 7 are people who are temporarily acting that way.So what 8 a person to be inactive？The answer is a lack of goals.If you give someone a good enough 9 to do something，they will do it.People who dont 10 to do anything just havent found a good enough reason to do it. 11 students dont study because they dont see the 12 in studying.If you give them a reason，a strong enough reason，they will take 13 .For example，if you are too lazy to go to the gym，would you go if someone 14 you a million dollars to go？If you are too lazy to clean out the garage，would someone 15 a gun to your head help you take action？The reason can be positive or negative 16 it is strong enough to help you take action.The bottom line of knowing how to 17 laziness comes down to finding enough reasons to take action.Action will 18 success while inaction will 6result in 19 .To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help them find enough 20 to work towards a certain goal.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了懒惰是一种无所事事的状态，分析了懒惰的原因，并提出了相应的改进措施。1A.courage BquestionCtime Dmotivation答案D解析根据语境可知，懒惰意味着你没有做任何事情的动力。根据文章最后一句中的“To motivate someone who is lazy”可推知，此处应选motivation，意为“动机，兴趣”。故选D。2A.agreeing B2denyingCconsidering Drefusing答案C解析根据语境可知，许多人认为自己是个懒惰的人。consider sb.to be sth./sb.为固定用法，意为“认为某人是”，符合句意。故选C。3A.argue BshareCcompete Dcompare答案B解析根据语境可知，此处表示，在此文中，“我”将与你分享一些东西让你认清这种不作为的状态。share with为固定搭配，意为“与分享”，符合语境。故选B。4A.different BinterestingCordinary D3primary答案A解析根据下文所讲的内容可知，此处表示“以不同的方式”与你分享。different不同的，符合语境。故选A。5A.Otherwise BBesidesCHowever DTherefore答案C解析根据语境可知，懒惰的人常常被认为一无是处。然而，他们是真的懒惰还是表现得懒惰呢？前后表示转折，且用逗号隔开，故应用转折副词however连接。故选C。6A.correct BfalseC4temporary Dinspirational答案C解析根据语境可知，不愿意做事表明你是一时懒惰，但是一直懒惰却表明懒惰是经常性的。由“But”一词可知，此处应与“lasts long”形成对比，且与下文“temporarily acting that way”照应。故此处应指“暂时的”。故选C。7A.simply BoccasionallyCoften Dhardly答案A解析根据语境可知，许多人并不是真的懒惰，他们只是暂时想懒散一下罢了。此处与上文中的“really”形成对比。simply只是，符合语境。故选A。8A.stops BcausesCdiscourages Ddemands答案B解析根据下文“The answer is a lack of goals.”可知，此处指的应该是其原因，即：是什么让一个人变得不作为呢？cause引起，符合语境。故选B。9A.worry BgiftCfear Dpurpose答案D解析上文说一个人不作为是因为缺乏目标，此处表示如果你给某个人足够明确的目标去做些事情，他一定会去做。purpose目标，目的，符合语境。故选D。10A.want BdevoteCtake Dcome答案A解析根据语境可知，不想做事的人只是没有找到一个足够好的理由去做事。want想要，符合语境。故选A。11A.Hardworking BLazyCYoung DConfused答案B解析上文主要讲的是懒惰的人及其懒惰的原因。根据上下文可知，不学习的学生应该是懒惰的学生。故选B。12A.point BsuccessCsituation Ddifficulty答案A解析根据语境可知，懒惰的学生不学习是因为他们没有看出学习的意义。the point in doing sth.“做某事的意义”，符合语境。故选A。13A.part BplaceCaction Dcontrol答案C解析根据语境可知，如果你给他们一个理由，一个有足够说服力的理由，他们肯定会采取行动。此处与上文的“he will do it”相照应。也与下文“help you take action”照应。take action为固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，符合语境。故选C。14A.lent BowedCborrowed Doffered答案D解析句意为：比如，如果你太懒惰了以至于不想去体育馆，那么，有人主动给你一百万美元你愿意去吗？offer主动提供，符合语境。offer sb.sth.提供某人某物。故选D。15A.firing BpointingCshooting Dhiding答案B解析句意为：如果你太懒惰了以至于不愿意清理车库，那么，有人拿枪指着你的头会让你采取行动吗？point.to.把指向，符合语境。故选B。16A.so that Bas soon asCin spite of D5as long as答案D解析根据语境可知，无论原因是积极、主动的还是消极、被动的，只要理由充分，就足以让你采取行动。as long as只要，如果，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选D。17A.win BfightCovercome Dban答案C解析上文分析了懒惰的表现和原因，文章最后一段讲的是如何克服懒惰情绪。根据语境可知，此处应表示如何克服懒惰，归根结底是要找到足够的理由采取行动。overcome克服，符合语境。故选C。18A.result from Bfight forCask for Dlead to答案D解析根据语境以及逻辑关系可知，行动会带来成功。lead to导致，引起，符合语境。故选D。19A.influence BfailureCpressure Dhappiness答案B解析根据语境可知，此处应与上半句中的“success”形成对比，表示“不作为将会导致失败”。failure失败，符合语境。故选B。20A.reasons BmoneyCenergy Dconfidence答案A解析根据语境可知，为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他找到足够的理由朝着目标奋斗。reason理由，在上文也多次出现，符合语境。故选A。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1If you refer to someones inaction，you disapprove of the fact that they are doing nothing.不作为；不活动2When you deny something，you state that it is not true.否定3Primary is used to describe something that occurs first.初级的；最初的4Something that is temporary lasts for only a limited time.暂时的(二)同义词语替换 5.As long as your competitor is up for the challenge，you might as well go for it.If6When you do something with faith，it will result in success.lead to(三)一词多义 7state n国家；州；情形；vt.规定；声明；陈述(1)France is one of the member states of ELL.国家(2)He stated that Olympians had brought joy to people across the world.声明；陈述(3)For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression.情形(4)Oregon conducts its elections entirely by mail，but it is the only state to do so at present.州.长难句理解To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help them find enough reasons to work towards a certain goal.句式分析本句话是复合句，主干部分为主系表结构，主语是what you need to do；表语是help them find enough reasons.，为省略了to的不定式，不定式结构中，find enough reasons为省略了to的不定式作宾补；To motivate someone who is lazy和to work towards a certain goal都作目的状语。精美译文为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他们找到足够的理由朝着一个特定的目标奋斗。专题强化练(十五).单项填空1All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Aliens，especially contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena.Aone Bone thatCthe one Dthe one that答案D解析句意为：我们所有人都渴望参观雅典的三大神庙，尤其是那座由金子和象牙做的雅典娜雕像。the one代替the temple，用定冠词the表特指；the one后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不能省略。故选D。2Can you explain Chinas football team failed again in the attempt for the World Cup?I am sorry，but this is the last time.We will behave ourselves.Awhy is it that Bwhy it is thatChow it is that Dhow is it that答案B解析句意为：你能否解释中国足球队为何又没能进入世界杯？对不起，这是最后一次了。我们会好好表现的。根据句意可知询问的是“原因”，因此排除C、D项。强调句的特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词is (was) it that.？”，故选B。3Johnson is feeling a bit after last nights get-together.Well，he must have drunk himself stupid during it and he should have a rest.Adistant BfragileCempty Dweird答案B解析句意为：昨晚联欢会之后，约翰逊觉得有点虚弱。嗯，他一定是喝多了，应该休息一下。distant遥远的；fragile虚弱的；empty空的；weird奇怪的。故选B。4Sam，can you tell me what IRL means?It means “in real life”， talking with someone on the Internet or over the phone.Ain response to Bin relation toCin proportion to Das opposed to答案D解析句意为：Sam，你能告诉我IRL是什么意思吗？它的意思是“在现实生活中”，与通过互联网或电话与人交谈正好相反。in response to对作出反应；in relation to与有关系；in proportion to与成比例；as opposed to与相反。故选D。5Tu Youyou won the 2016 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award for her work against parasitic diseases.She deserves it.The consequences improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable.Ain honor of Bin terms ofCin defense of Din hopes of答案B解析句意为：屠呦呦因对寄生虫病的研究而获得2016年国家最高科学技术奖。她应该获得这个奖项。她在改善人类健康和减少痛苦方面的成果是无法估量的。in honor of为了向表示敬意；in terms of就而言；in defense of为辩护；in hopes of希望。故选B。6When people talk about the of something，they are referring to the way in which its various parts are put together and arranged.Aconclusion BaccommodationCcomposition Devaluation答案C解析句意为：当人们谈论某事的组成时，他们指的是把它的各个部分放在一起排列的方式。conclusion结论；accommodation住处；composition组成；evaluation估价。故选C。7There are now signs，following the decline in house prices in many small and medium-sized cities， house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhat答案A解析句意为：现在有迹象表明，随着许多中小城市房价的下跌，各大城市的房价也可能出现下滑。本题为同位语从句，先行词是signs(迹象)，从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用连接词that引导该同位语从句，故选A。8Macron，handsome and talented，is the youngest person ever to be elected as President of France.Dont you think he is a real role model for us young man?Yeah，maybe.But rumor has it that he went after he married Brigitte Trogneux,24 years his senior.Acarrot and stick Bups and downsCfrom rags to riches Dout of the blue答案C解析句意为：马克龙，英俊且才华横溢，是有史以来当选的最年轻的法国总统。你不认为他是我们年轻人真正的榜样吗？是的，也许。但有传闻说他是在娶了年长他24岁的布里吉特特罗涅后才由贫致富的。carrot and stick软硬兼施；ups and downs起起伏伏；from rags to riches由贫致富；out of the blue出其不意。故选C。9The British increased control over their American colonies，soldiers there to ensure that the Americans would obey them.Astationed Bto be stationedCbeing stationed Dwere stationed答案A解析句意为：英国加强了对美国殖民地的控制，驻扎在那里的士兵确保美国人服从他们。分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构。“逻辑主语过去分词”在句中作状语。故选A。10It was human errors，rather than the natural disaster， for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.Awhich is blamedBthat is to blameCwhich are blamedDthat are to blame答案D解析句意为：在深圳的一个工业园区发生了山体滑坡，造成许多无辜者死亡是人为的错误，而不是自然灾害。这是一个强调句：it is/was强调部分that其它，所以要用that；因为由rather than(而不是)连接的主语与前一部分一致，所以要用are，故选D。11Excuse me，I wonder if you can help me.I my ID card.But where did you lose it?Ahave lost BlostChad lost Dlose答案A解析表示过去的动作对现在的影响，过去丢了钥匙，导致现在我需要求助别人，用现在完成时。12There are certain historic occasions are likely to remind people of what happened in the past and set people reflecting on them.Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhat答案B解析句意为：有些历史性的场合很可能会提醒人们过去发生的事情，并引起人们对他们的反思。定语从句，先行词是occasions(场合)，指事物，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that；而when和where是关系副词，what不引导定语从句，故选B。13Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that Government assistance is helpful，what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.Aas BwhenCwhile Dsince答案C解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。14I that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring，had I read the brochure carefully.Arealized Bhad realizedCwould realize Dwould have realized答案D解析句意为：如果我仔细阅读了这本小册子，我就会知道我将体验的经历绝不无聊。从句had I read the brochure carefully相当于if I had read the brochure carefully，与过去事实相反，因此主句谓语用should/would/could/mighthave done结构。故选D。15I lost five pounds just after a month on this new diet.Its definitely worth a try.Right， .I badly need to get in shape for my school reunion.Ait beats me BI dont buy itCjust cant help it Dyouve sold it to me答案D解析句意为：在节食一个月后，我瘦了五磅。这绝对值得一试。好吧，我相信你。为了同学聚会我迫切需要减肥。it beats me这难住我了；I dont buy it我不相信；just cant help it我忍不住了；youve sold it to me我相信你。故选D。.完形填空I promise you，there will never be a perfect time to do anything in your life. 16 will ever feel 100% certain or make perfect sense to you and everyone else.There will 17 be a perfect time to fall in love，or to travel the world.You will never have enough training，enough preparation，or enough money.And 18 this，even when you feel ready to take a brave step into the 19 ，others will likely try to 20 you out of it.Because they wont feel ready themselves，and your ambition and bravery will 21 their levels of comfort.But you dont 22 them an explanation，or any other personal 23 you dont want to make.This is rather difficult to 24 at first.Waiting to feel 100% ready or sure is the 25 way in which we cheat ourselves out of wonderful life experiences.I challenge you to 26 free yourself from this self-limiting state of mind.Book that plane ticket，even if you feel lots of 27 .Sign up for that educational course，even if you have no idea 28 it will go.Trust me when I tell you it will all come together for the 29 .When you meet your dreams with 30 ，when you meet them with mental and physical devotion，you 31 your trust in the act of LIVING.You make your dreams a 32 instead of line items on a list.And thats good because your dreams are 33 to be experiences.You have to 34 them out in the real world to know if theyre possible and worthwhile adventures in the long run.As you 35 on this new journey of living，remember that some people around you will naturally be taken aback.But as long as you arent hurting them，you dont owe them anything that takes away your power to move forward with your life.语篇解读本文主要介绍了在我们的生活中永远不会有一个完美的时间去做任何事情，所以我们应该想做就做，不要顾虑太多。当我们在生活的新旅程中前进时，才会发现它带来的惊喜。16A.Something BNothingCAnything DEverything答案B解析句意为：对于你和其他人来说，没有什么能让你拥有100%确定的或完美的感觉。something某事；nothing没有什么事情；anything任何事情；everything每件事。故选B。17A.never BalwaysCoccasionally Dforever答案A解析句意为：从来都没有一个可以去恋爱或者去世界各地旅行的完美时刻。never从来不；always总是；occasionally偶然；forever永远。故选A。18A.despite BforCfrom Dafter答案A解析句意为：尽管如此，即使你准备勇敢地踏入未知世界，其他人也可能会试图说服你放弃它。despite尽管；for为了；from来自；after在之后。故选A。19A.impossible BunknownCbeautiful Dtrue答