(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件

Lecture1 ColonialPeriodtotheRevolution 1607 1800 BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 Maincontents HistoricalbackgroundAmericanPuritanismBenjaminFranklin 1 Historicalbackground Originalinhabitants AmericanIndians 1492 12Oct ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheAmerica Intheearly16thC theothercolonistsarrived Spanish French Dutch Swedes Germans Italians andPortuguese in1607 ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlement Jamestown Virginia byCapt JohnSmith In1620 PuritanscametotheNewEnglandarea byMayflowerandfoundPlymouthColony 普利茅斯殖民地 shipofMayflowerroastturkeyTheoriginofThanksgivingDay NewEngland 2 AmericanPuritanism WhatisPuritan ThePuritanswereoriginallydevoutmembersofChurchofEnglandwhoadvocatedhighlyreligiousandmoralprinciple Theywishedto purify theirreligiousbelief tocleanuptheremainsoftheCatholicisminChurchofEnglandbybreakingfreefromit WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica toreformtheChurchofEnglandandestablishanentirelynewchurch CharlesI 1603 toescapereligiousandpoliticaloppressionandpersecution togetgreatereconomyopportunityforlandandforadventure WhatisAmericanPuritanism PuritanismisthepracticesandreligiousbeliefsofpuritansinAmerica puritanideas piety 虔诚 humility 谦虚 serious 严肃 honest diligence hardworking 勤奋 thrift frugality 节俭 朴素 sobriety 节制 andascetic 禁欲的 opposepleasureandjoy favoredadisciplinedharshlife WhatarethefeaturesofPuritanism 1 Predestination 宿命论 Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred 2 Originalsin 原罪 Humanbeingswereborntobeevil InAdam sfall weallsin 3 Totaldepravity 彻底堕落 Humanity sabsolutecorruptionsincetheFallofMan 4 Limitedatonement 有限救赎 orthesalvationofaselectedfew Onlythe elect canbesaved WhataretheinfluencesofPuritanismonAmericanthoughtandliterature 1 RootofAmericanSpirit piety hardwork thrift confidence couragetofacedifficulties individualism forgeahead 进取 optimistic Everytubmuststandonitsownbottom Everyoneisthearchitectofhisownfuture Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves 2 SourceofAmericanDream Toachievefreedom prosperityandsuccessthroughhonesthardwork Theabilitytorisefromragstorichesthroughhardwork lifeshouldbebetterandricherandfullerforeveryone withopportunityforeachaccordingtoabilityorachievement JamesTruslowAdams BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 TheprototypeoftheAmericanDream America sfirstself mademan ThefirstAmerican Ifyouwouldnotbeforgotten assoonasyouaredead rotten eitherwritethingsworthreading ordothingsworthwriting B Franklin AmericahasneverforgottenBenjaminFranklinbecausehedidboth Today wehonorBenFranklinasoneoftheFoundingFathersandasoneofAmerica sgreatestcitizens HeappearsontheAmerican100dollarbill writer statesman businessman scientist TheprototypeoftheAmericandream JackofAllTrades diplomat philanthropist慈善家 printer publisher Life Borninapoorcandlemaker sfamilyof17childreninBoston NoregulareducationAge12 becameanapprentice 学徒 ofaprintertohishalf brother Age16 aneditorofanewspaperandpublishedlotsofessays Age17 wenttoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune Life Age42 becamefinanciallyindependentandretiredtodowhatheliked scienceliterature diplomacyetc read makescientificexperimentsanddogoodtohisfellowmen Death FranklindiedonApril17 1790 atage84 Approximately20 000peopleattendedhisfuneral ThegraveofBenjaminFranklinPhiladelphia Pennyslvania MemorialmarblestatueInBenjaminFranklinNationalMemorial AmarblestatueofBenjaminFranklinstandsinBenjaminFranklinHighSchoolinNewOrleans 1 Franklinstove 2 effectivestreetlighting 3 bifocalglasses双焦点眼镜 4 aminiatureprintingpress 5 efficientheatingdevices6 Amusicalinstrument an armonica 玻璃琴 Successasaninventorandscientist 7 lightning rod 避雷针 thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven 8 Thetheoriesofelectricity firstappliedtheterms positive 正极 and negative 负极 toelectricalcharges Successasaninventorandscientist SuccessasadiplomatandstatesmanAidJeffersoninwritingTheDeclarationofIndependence SeekinghelpfromFranceinAmericanIndependentWar Successasawriter TheAutobiography 自传 PoorRichard sAlmanack 格言历书 ProverbsfromPoorRichard sAlmanac Apennysavedisapennyearned 省一文赚一文 Earlytobed andearlytorise makesamanhealthy wealthy andwise Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves Bewareoflittleexpenses asmallleakwillleakagreatship Eattolive andnotlivetoeat Beslowinchoosingafriend slowerinchanging Losttimeisneverfoundagain Life stragedyisthatwegrowoldtoosoon andwisetoolate 2 Autobiography Franklinwrotethisbookwhenhewas65yearsold It sarecordofhisrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyandobscurity 身份低微 Writingofthebook In1771 attheageof65 BenjaminFranklinsatdowntowritehisautobiography Theworktakesabout20years from1771to1790 Theaccountiswritteninfourparts writtenatfourdifferenttimes reflectinghislifeinthedifferentperiods Contents PartOnewaswrittenin1771inEngland alettertohisson coveringhislifebeforetheageof25 hisshortschoolinghisapprenticeshipthedevelopmentofhisprintingbusinessandhismarriageetc Contents PartTwowaswrittenin1784atPassy asuburbofParis givingamoredetailedaccountofhisactivitiesinpublicaffairs Helistedhis13virtueshewishestoperfectinhimself Contents PartThree 1788 PartFour 1789 1790 finishedinPhiladelphia describinghislifefromtheageof25to51 Itisanincompleteautobiography Franklin s13virtuesinTheAutobiography 1 Temperance Eatnottodullness drinknottoelevation 节制 食不过饱 饮酒不醉 2 Silence Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself avoidtriflingconversation 缄默 言则于人于己有益 不作无益闲聊 3 Order Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime 秩序 各样东西放在一定地方 各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间 4 Resolution Resolvetoperformwhatyouought performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve 决断 事情当做必做 既做则坚持到底 5 Frugality Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself i e wastenothing 节俭 花钱须于人于己有益 即不浪费 6 Industry Losenotime bealwaysemploy dinsomethinguseful cutoffallunnecessaryactions 勤勉 不浪费时间 每时每刻做有用之事 戒除一切不必要的行动 7 Sincerity Usenohurtfuldeceit thinkinnocentlyandjustly and ifyouspeak speakaccordingly 诚恳 不欺骗人 思想纯洁公正 说话也应诚实 8 Justice Wrongnonebydoinginjuries oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty 正直 不做不利他人之事 切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人 9 Moderation Avoidextremes forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve 中庸 勿走极端 受到应有的处罚 应当加以容忍 10 Cleanliness Toleratenonon cleanlinessinbody clothes orhabitation 整洁 身体 衣服和住所应力求清洁 11 Tranquility Benotdisturbedattrifles orataccidentscommonorunavoidable 平静 勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼 12 Chastity Rarelyusevenery纵欲butforhealthoroffspring nevertodullness weakness ortheinjuryofyourownoranother speaceorreputation 节欲 切戒纵欲 勿伤害身体或有损自己或他人的安宁或名誉 13 Humility ImitateJesusandSocrates s kr ti z 谦逊 效法耶稣和苏格拉底 WhydidFranklinwritehisbiography tosetanexampleforhissonwithhissuccessstorypasshisfreeleisuretimetorelivehislifebywritingtogratifyhisownvanity Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection Style Simple clearinorder directandc