初三英语上学期复习提纲.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除初三期末考试复习提纲M1一.重点单词、短语、句子1. wonder. 本身既可以做名词又可以做动词，其形容词 wonderful。当作动词时接宾语从句的时候，一定要记住宾语从句用陈述句语序。如：I wonder if they will come on time.2. suggest. 作动词，后接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或宾语从句，但不能接动词不定式。后接宾语从句时，从句中应使用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should 可以省略。如： The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.3.“没有什么可看的”、“有可的”动词不定式做定语 There was nothing to see. I have a lot of work to do.4. look短语词义辨别Look for 寻找；look out 小心；look after照顾；Look over 仔细思考；look about 考虑；Look of 想到，想起5. too to 的用法（句型转换一定要会） Too to表示“太而不能”，其句型乐意装换成so that 句型和not+形容词+enough +to do sth.的句型。如： The box is too big for me to carry.= The box is so big that I cant carry it.=The box isnt small enough for me to carry it.6. afraidbe afraid of sth.(doing sth.) 害怕be afraid to do sth. 害怕干7. thousand 的用法“基数词+thousand”表示几千，几百，一定要记住thousand 其后是单数。“Thousands of”表示“成千上万的 ”，当与of 连用时，一定要记住用复数。8. because和because of的区别Because其后接句子，而because of其后接名词或动名词 Because he was ill, the boy did not go to school.=Because of his illness, the boy did not go to school.二. 语法1. “比较级+比较级”表示“越越”。例如：Faster and faster 越来越快 More and more 越来越多拓展：（1） “the + 比较级，the +比较级”，表示“越，就越”。如：The more you study, the clever you are. 你学的越多，就越聪明。（2）the+形容词，表示一类的人，详单与复数，所以当其作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数。比如：The young 年轻人 the sick 病人们2.复习六大时态时态题主要考在单项选择和用动词的适当形式填空里面，在做题的时候注意以下步骤：（1）根据时间状语或情景判断时态（2）回想各种时态的结构（3）注意谓语动词与事态的一致性另外，还要注意一些特殊用法：（1）有哪些词用现在进行时表将来（列出来）_（2）由if, as soon as引导的条件状语从句用一般现在是表将来。（自己举例）_.时态小测试( ) 1. Dont make so much noise. We _ to the music. A. listened B. listen C. are listening D. have listened( ) 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _ it for two weeks. A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent( ) 3. When will you tell him the good news? -I will tell him about it as soon as he _ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming( ) 4. Dad, please open the door, it _. OK, dear. Im coming. A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked( ) 5. Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _. A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done( ) 8. What do you think of the football match yesterday? -Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school _. A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed( ) 9. Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? -If I dont go, _. A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he( ) 10. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters( ) 11. Did you see Tom at the party? - No, he _ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( ) 12. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? -Because I _ it. A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen( ) 13. Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? -No, I dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking.A. does B. do C. is D. are( ) 14. Catherin _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing( ) 15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _. A. must take care of B. must be take care ofC. must look after D. must be looked afterM2一.重点单词、短语、句子1. whats up ? 询问出了什么事？= whats wrong? =whats the matter? 如果要问某人怎么了的时候，直接在其后加” with sb.”。2. as far as 有“就来说，据所 ”的意思。如：As far as I remember 据我做记得的 as far as I know 据我所知3. not any more 意为“不再” =no more =no longer =not any longe（这个短语主要考在句型转换）。如： He doesnt go to school any more.= He goes to school no more.= He doesnt go to school any longer.= He goes to school no longer.4. 区分两个短语，并分别造一个句子be known for _be known as _ 5. lively修饰人的时候，多指“精力充沛的；有生气的；活跃的”。修饰物的时候，多指“热闹的；有生气的”。这个用法一般会作为考题出现在选择题或用动词的适当形式填空里。如 There are so many people in the shop. The shop is _ (live).拓展：live当做形容词的时候，意为“现场直播，活得，有生命的”，如：The cat caught a live mouse. Living既可以致人，也可以指物，指没有死或消失，可用在名词前作定语，也可以作表语。 Alive为形容词，意为“活着的”，alive在句中只能用作表语或后置定语。（放在后面）6. 比较形容词的用法：（1）interesting -interested surprising-surprised前者一般表示人或物本身具有的特性；而后者一般表示“对感兴趣”。如：An interesting old man is interested in the interesting book.7.区分一下几个短语，并翻译：At the end of _ in the end _ by the end of _注意: in the end 后面不加of8. prefer的用法（注意后面所跟动词的形式，经常考）prefer to do sth. 宁愿干某事prefer doing to doing 宁愿不愿prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做而不愿做9. 几个“花费”的用法区分：（举例加以区分）Take cost spend pay10. 关于made的几个短语（1） be made of 由制成（能看出原材料）（2） be made from由制成（不能看出原材料）（3） be made into 被制成（4） be made up of 由组成二 语法被动语态被动语态的做题步骤：（1）根据主语和谓语动词的关系判断语态（2）再根据情境或时间状语判断时态（3）联想该事态的被动语态的结构（4）看主语和谓语动词的关系【注意】做将主动语态变为被动语态的题目时，要注意不要改变时态！省to 不定式变为被动语态的时候要加to！M3一.重点单词、短语、句子1. Stand for 表示“象征，代表”，不用于进行时。Eg：- the book is by T.C Smith?-what does the “T.C stand for?2. allow“允许”allow doing sth.“允许做某事”；allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许干某事例如： Smoking _ in the library.A. doesnt B. isnt allowed C. didnt allow D. wasnt allowed3. “如此以至于”的用法：so that , such.that的区别：例如Its so cold that we cant go spring outing.= Its such a cold that we cant go spring outing.4. “对某人生气”Be mad with sb.= be angry with sb. （注意同意句转换）5. agreed的用法（1）agree with sb./ what sb. saied agree with后接某人或某人所说的话（2）agree to ones idea/ plan agree to后接观点、意见、决定、看法等名词。 (3) agree on 后面跟具体的事情。如：agree on going fishing6. win和beat的区别Win和beat都有“赢某人，打败某人”的意思但win后面跟“比赛”，比如：win the game/ match而beat 后面跟“对手”，比如：beat sb. 意为“打败了某人”7. so far的用法So far 意为“迄今为止，到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的标志性的时间还有 for+一段时间， since等。M4一.重点单词、短语、句子1. the same as 的用法the same as 表示“与一样”，指的是两个相似或相同的物体或事情，通常用在一个名词或代词前。其反义短语为be different from 表示“与不同”。两者应该都具有可比性，人与人相比，物与物相比，不能产生不一致的情况。Eg：I bought the same MP3 as hers.2. borrow 与 lend 的用法borrow意为“借入”，其后不能跟双宾语，常用borrow sth. from sb.lend 意为“借出”，可以跟双宾语，即lend sb. sth., lend sth.to sb.eg: I borrowed an eraser from him. He lent me a book./ He lent a book to me.borrow和lend都是非延续性动词，若表示接某物保持一段时间，就不能用borrow和lend而应该用keep,表示“把某物接来后保存”，常与一段时间连用。如：- how long may I keep this book?- three weeks.3. Can I ask a favour?（1）ask a favour 意为“请帮个忙”。 Can I ask a favour?是请求帮助的句式，同义句转换Can you help me ? 其回答语有：Sure./of course./certainly!等。Eg：may I ask a favour of you? 我可以请你帮个忙吗？7. yetalready与现在完成时连用的用法 yet和already都是副词，通常和现在完成时连用。Yet一般用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的句末。在否定句中，意为“还仍然”；在疑问句中，意为“已经”。Already多于现在完成时的肯定句中，意为“已经” 如： -Have you packed your school things yet? 你收拾好学习用品了吗? -Not yet还没有。8. 区分way 短语的用法 by the way _ on ones way to_ in the way _ In a way _9such as的用法(1)such as意为例如，诸如；像一那样的”，常用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，其后只能接名词或相当于名词的短浯其引导的成分一般是同位语，表示对前一名词作进一步的说明,如：He can speak several languages，such as English，French and Spanish他会说几种语言比如英语、法语和西班牙语。(2)for example和for instance也表示“例如，比如”，二者可以互换，作插入语，一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例，用逗号隔开，可放在句首或句中。其后也可接句子。如：There are many things to see in Londonfor instance, Big Ben伦敦有许多东西可看，例如大本钟。M5一.重点单词、短语、句子1. Dont touch. 不许触摸No entry.禁止入内No shouting. 禁止喧哗本课中出现了许多在公共场所起启示作用的提示语，他们在公共场所作为标志时，多采用大写形式。如：P表示“Parking(停车场)”其构成形式有以下几种：(1)名词或名词词组。如：ENTRANCE入口 EXIT出口 DANGER危险 BUSINESS HOURS营业时间OFFICE HOURS工作时间INSTRUCTIONS说明(常见于说明书上) MENU菜单(2)祈使句。如：PULL拉 PUSH推 PLAY播放 STOP停止PAUSE暂停(3)形容词或其短语。如： OPEN营业中 CLOSED关门 FRAGILE易碎的(4)NO+名词或名词词组。如：NO PHOTOS禁止拍照(5)NO+动名词短语。如： NO SMOKING禁止吸烟 NO PARKING禁止停车 NO SWIMMING禁止游泳 NO FISHING禁止钓鱼2. must 的用法(1)mustnt在本句中意为“不准，禁止”，用来劝告或告诫别人不要做某事。如：You mustnt drive too fastIts dangerous你千万不要开车太快。那样很危险。(2)must意为“应该，必须”，表示现在或将来的义务和必要性。如：When the traffic light is redyou must stop当交通灯是红灯时，你必须停下来。(3)当must表示推测的时候，为很肯定的判断“一定”，如：Her name is on the book，It must be hers她的名字在书上。这本书一定是她的。(4)在回答must 引导一般疑问句式，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt 或dont have to.不用mustnt 如：一Must I hand in my composition now?我必须现在交作文吗?一Noyou needntyou dont have to不没必要。一Yesyou must是的必须交。3. pay attention 意为“注意，留心，集中注意力于”。其中to 是介词，故可接名词，代词，或动名词。 如：You should pay more attention to your health 你应多加注意你的健康。Everyone should pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 课堂上的每个人都应该全神贯注地听讲。4. kind of是固定短语，其后常跟形容词或副词，意思是“有点儿，有几分”，相当于a little.如：I felt kind of tired after the sports meeting运动会后我觉得有点累。5. familiar是形容词，意为“熟悉的；通晓的”be familiar with表示“对熟悉，有经验”。主语为人，说明人对物的熟悉：如：I am familiar with the subject我熟悉这个题目。Be familiar to主语应该是物，表示事物对人来说熟悉. 如：That face is familiar to me那张面孔我很熟悉。6. 形式主语：“its+be +形容词/名词+ to do sth.” 是一个固定句型。 其中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定时。动词不定式作主语时，谓语用单数，（注意同意句转换）。如： Its not easy to master a language= To master a language is not easy.要掌握一门语言不容易。【注】形式主语中句型中经常出现+for sb.或+of sb. 的情况。要注意区分：当句中所出现的形容词对后面的动作进行评价的话用for sb.，当句中的形容词修饰其后的sb.，此时用of。例如： Its easy for me to learn English well. Its kind of you to help me.7. fill的用法fill with意为“用装满”be filled with是其被动语态形式。【注:同意句转换】be filled with= be full of如： Will you please fill the bag with books for me. 请替我把书包装满书好吗? The room was filled with people.=The room was full of people房间里挤满了人。8. above all意为“最重要的，首先”它可置于句首，也可置于句子中间，置于句子中间时，该短语前后均应加逗号。如： Above all，dont talk to anybody about it最重要的是不要向任何人提起此事。9. drop in 意为“顺便拜访，造访”。“drop in at+ 地点”意为“顺便拜访某地”；“drop in on sb.意为”顺便拜访某人”。 drop by 和 drop in的含义相同，但通常用drop by sb./ sp.表示顺便拜访某人或某地。如： I thought Id drop in on you while I was passing我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。 Drop by me sometime有空来我这儿坐坐。10. provide的用法：意为“供应；供给；提供”常与介词连用构成provide sbwith sth.或provide sthfor sb【注意同意句转换】，意为“供应某人某物”。如： We provided food for the hungry children。(=We provided the hungry children with food) 我们为饥饿的孩子提供食物。二 语法祈使句M6一.重点单词、短语、句子1.be careful about/of /with表示“小心谨慎地对待 ”如：Be careful of the traffic.注意交通安全。 be careful to do sth.小心翼翼地做某；be careful not to do sth.留神别做某事 如： He was careful to keep out of sight他小心翼翼地避开别人的视线。 【注意：同意句转换】Be careful!相当于Look out!或Take care!careful的反义词为careless；副词为carefully；动词为care.care about是动介短浯,相当于worry about，意为“关心，介意，在乎”后常接名词、代词或动名词。如：She cares deeply about environmental issues.她对环境问题深感担忧。 例题3Look out，David! A car is coming(同义替换) A .Be careful BLook outside CLook around D Look back2.强调句型it is /was that ，.强调句型通常是将强调部分置于it is /was之后，可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等。如： It was my watch that you picked up on the ground just now(强调宾语) 刚才你在地上拾起来的是我的手表。 It was team work that kept us alive(强调主语) 是团结协作使我们保持活力。例题5 _ was a parents meeting _ I was invited to have just now. AThere；that B. That：that CIt；that D. This；which3. hope和wish后都可跟to do sth.，wish还可跟sb. to do sth.，hope则不能。如用hope表示主语希望别人做某事时，要用从句。二 语法构词法（自己看一下书后面的语法介绍就行了）M7一.重点单词、短语、句子1. hand 的用法。 Would you like a hand ?是向某人提供帮助的表达。hand在本句中作名词，意为“协助，帮忙；帮手”。如：Let me give you a hand with these bags(=Let me help you to carry these bags) hand作名词，还可以表示“手；指针”如：hand也可以作动词，意为“递；交给；传递”，如：Please hand me a book=Please hand a book to me请把书递给我。【同意句转换】2. at the moment 作“此刻，现在，目前”讲时，相当于now或at this time，表示现在的时间；当它作“那时，正在那个时刻”讲时，相当于just then或at that time，表示过去的时间。它既是现在进行时，也是过去进行时的标志。如： At the moment he doesnt have any new books现在他没有任何新书。 He was playing the piano at the moment那个时刻他正在弹钢琴3. similar作形容词，意为“大致相似”，常用于短语be similar to【注意与to搭配】表示 “与相似”，相当于llke。如： She is similar to her sister= She is like her sister.她和她姐姐长得很像。4. sheep作可数名词，意为“绵羊”，其复数形式和单数形式一样，都是sheep。如： There are some sheep on the hills(形似单数实为复数)小山上有很多绵羊。 在英语中类似的名词还有：fish鱼；deer鹿；Chinese中国人：Japanese日本人I was very excited when I saw so many_ on the farm. Achildren Bsheep Cduck5. some time一段时间 sometime某时；曾经 sometimes有时候，相当于at times some times几次 如：He sometimes watches TV.他有时候看看电视。 I will come to see you sometime next week下个星期的某个时候我会来看你的。 He stayed here for some time他在这里待了一段时间。 I have been to Shanghai some times我去过上海几次。例题4Kate will be back_ in February Asometime Bsome time Csometimes D some times6. “any other+单数名词”表示前面已经提到过的人或事物以外的人和一个人活事物，多用于同一范围内比较。表示不同范围内的人（物）比较时，通常用“any +单数名词”。如：Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China在中国，长江比任何一条别的河流都长。(同一范围比较)Changjiang River is longer than any river in India(不同范围比较)【注意】表示同一范围的此类句型可以转换成最高级，一定要注意同意句转换，如：第一个句子可以换成：Changjiang River is the longest river in China7used to 的用法【一定要区分开三个短语】(1)get used to习惯于be used to,其中to 为介词，其后跟名词，代词或动名词。如：I got/was used to eating with chopsticks and a spoon. 我习惯于用筷子和汤匙吃饭。(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。如： Knives are used to cut up apples小刀用来切苹果。(3) used to do sth.过去常常做某事。如：He used to walk to school.他过去常常步行去上学。例题3While travelling to Canada, you should give yourself a day to _ the time and know the way nearby Aused to Bbe used to Cuse to二 语法定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的主谓结构。定语从句主要注意一下几点：1. 找对连接词。连接词有who, whose, whom, which, that.2.在下列情况下只用that，不用which 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时，something两者均可。如：There is nothing (that) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much，few，one of 等词修饰时， 如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词最高级修饰时， 如：The first thing that we should do is to help him. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修饰时， 如：The white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (that既可指人也可指物) 如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 3. 在下列情况下只用who(m)，而不用that： 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who. 如：Do you know the man who spoke just now? The doctor who treated me was very experienced. 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, all, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question? All who heard the news were excited.4. that 不能跟在介词后面。如：I like the children of whom should be taken care.定语从句练习题1. The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, _ to hospital immediately.A. two of whom sent B. two of them sent C. two of whom are sent D. two of them sending2. He reached London in 1996, _, some time later, he became a famous actor.A. where B. when C. which D. that 3. Is that the small town you often refer to ? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what4. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom5. Mr. Green will come to the party on Sunday, he promised to every one of us.A. when B. that C. where D. which6. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that7. Finally, the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that8. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose9. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where10. _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. Which D. WhatM8一.重点单词、短语、句子1. get on的用法get on with sth.意为“进展，进步”某事的进展。如： Im not getting on very fast with this job. 我这个工作进展不太快。get on/along well with sb.表示“与某人相处的好”2. be in with a chance是英式英浯，它表示“有的可能；有机会” be in with a chance to do sth. 相当于 be in with a chance of doing sth. 另外也可以直接说have a chance to do sth.或have a chance of doing sth.如： He is in with a chance of travelling in Hong Kong. = He has a chance of travelling in Hong Kong.他有个去香港旅游的机会。3. expect作动词，意为“预计，预料”，后接名词、动词不定式或宾语从句。expect to do sth. 期待做某事； expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事如：I expect to be back on Sunday. 我预计星期天回来。4. pick sb. up意为“(开车)接某人”或“让某人乘车；搭栽：营救”。pickup为动副短语，代词作宾语必须放在中间如：I will pick you up at five我五点钟来接你。pick up还有“捡起，拾起”的意思，也是动副短语。如:A pen is on the floor，please pick it up. 地上有一支钢笔，请把它捡起来。5. show的用法(1)作动词，意为“给看，出示”。show sth.意为“出示某物 ”；show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.意为“将某物给某人 ”，如：。He showed the picture to me他将图片给我看。(2)show还可以作“带领”讲。showaround带参观。如：I will show you around我会带你四处看看。 (3)show也可以作名词，表示“演出，表演；展览”。on show展出，展览。如： Ill go to a show tonight今晚我要去看演出。6. Congratulations to sb. (on sth.)表示“(因某事)向某人表示祝贺”congratulations通常要用复数形式。当别人向你祝贺时，应该表示感谢，如：Congratulations to you on winning the first p