英语时态讲解及练习.doc

英语常用时态现在时态：一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时过去时态：一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时时态数轴图一般现在时：一般现在时概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly never, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, at the weekends etc.有以下几种常见的用法：表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作；.Kate goes to the library four times a week.John takes a walk after dinner with friends every day.表示计划和安排好的的将来动作，此时多用于come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等表示转移的动词。When does your train leave?Tomorrow is weekend, lets go shopping.表示不受时限的客观事实或真理1.The earth travels around the sun, and the moon travels around the earth.在由when, after, if, as soon as, unless, as long as until 引导的在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 .1. Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.2. As long as I enter the key university, Ill try to go to study abroad. 连系动词look, feel, smell, taste及表示心理活动的动词want, like, prefer, have等应用一般现在时表将来All the foreign students want to visit the Great Wall.牛刀小试：1. Weoften_ (play)intheplayground.2. He_ (get)upatsixoclock.3._you_(brush)yourteetheverymorning？4. What(do)_heusually(do) _afterschool?5. Danny_ (study)English, Chinese, Math, ScienceandArtanschool.6. Mikesometimes_ (go)totheparkwithhissister.7. Ateightatnight, she_ (watch)TVwithhisparents.8._Mike_ (read)Englisheveryday?9. Howmanylessons_yourclassmate_ (have)onMonday?10. Whattime _ hismother_ (do)thehousework?现在进行时：现在进行时的用法1.表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作。这一用法可与now,atthemoment连用，也可以不用时间状语。Whatareyoudoing?Imwritingaletter.Heisansweringatelephoneatthemoment.2.表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。这一用法可与now,thesedays等时间状语连用。（有时，虽然要做的事尚未结束，但是在说话时却并没在做这件事，这样的情况也可以用现在进行时表示。）Imustgetbacktotheoffice.Wereworkingonanewproject.HeistakingEnglishthissemester.本学期他在学英语。Modernscienceandtechnoledgeareundergoingagreatrevolution.现代科学技术正在经历一场伟大的革命。3.表示将来的动作。表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作：用现在进行时表示将来时间时，只用于动作动词，不用于状态动词。在动作动词中，尤为常见的时表示位置移动的动词，如arrive,come,go,leave,start等。SheisleavingShanghaiinafewdays.几天后她就离开上海。Hurryup!Thetrainisstarting.快！火车就要开了。4.表示人的认识，感情或事物从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态。这一用法的动词有：become,begin,get,grow等。Imbeginningtoseetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.Hehasworkedforthreehoursandisgettingtired.他已经工作了三个小时，所以开始感到累了。5.用来强调某个反复重复的动作，把表示说话人对主语行为在感情上的反应，如亲切、惊奇、赞美、不满等。这一用法往往与always,continually,forever,allthetime等连用。Whyareyoualwaysstandingthere?（不满)Imseeingyouallthetimethesedays.（惊奇）Areyoufeelingbetter?（亲切）6.现在进行时具有描绘作用，使句子生动有力。Everydaypeoplearebeingkilledontheroads.TheYangtzeRiverisflowingendlesslytowardstheeast.长江滚滚向东流。A“现在”还是“有时”？现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时用来表示现在正在发生的情况。Itsrainingatthemoment.Imwatchingthisprogramme.Look,thatmanistakingaphotoofyou.一般现在时用来表示重复性动作。ItalwaysrainsinChengduintheevening.Iwatchtelevisionmostweekend.Hesaphotographer.Hetakeslotsofphotos.B.观点、情感和状态通常用一般现在时来表示观点和情感。Ithinkitsagoodprogramme.Kittylikesherjob.还可以用于表示状态和不变的事实。WritingmeansalottoMoyan.Paperburnseasily.在Ipromise,Iagree,Irefuse等句子中，用一般现在时。IpromiseIllwritetoyou.Itsallright.Iforgiveyou.C.“暂时”还是“长久”？现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时用来表示暂时的（即短期的）日常行为或情况。ImstayinginChengduthisweek.Atthemomentwerelivinginatinyflat.一般现在时用来表示长久的日常行为或情况。Iworkatasportsshop.Itsapermanentjob.Theyliveinaveryniceflat.现在进行时一般现在时现在进行时用来表示暂时的（即短期的）日常行为或情况。ImstayinginChengduthisweek.Atthemomentwerelivinginatinyflat.一般现在时用来表示长久的日常行为或情况。Iworkatasportsshop.Itsapermanentjob.Theyliveinaveryniceflat.即学即练填入所给动词的现在进行时或一般现在时形式，完成下面的句子。1.Normally_(I/start)workateightoclock,but_(I/start)atseventhisweek.2.Ihaventgotacaratthemoment,so_(I/go)toworkonthebusthisweek.Usually_(I/drive)towork.3.ImafraidIhavenotimetohelpjustnow._(I/write)areport.But_(I/promise)Illgiveyousomehelplater.4._(I/want)anewcar._(I/save)uptobuyone.一般过去时：（一）结构:主语+动词过去式+其他（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。Forexample:IwasinBeijingyesterday .Iwenttothebeachyesterday .2、否定句：主语+wasnt或werent+其他。 主语+didnt+V原+其他。IwasntinBeijingyesterday.Ididntgotothebeachyesterday.3、一般疑问句：was/were+主语+V原+其他？Did+主语+V原+其他？WereyouinBeijingyesterday?Didyougotothebeachyesterday?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？Wherewereyouyesterday?Wheredidyougoyesterday?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek(month,year),ago,theotherday,justnow,attheageof,in1980等连用。如：Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplaythefootballinthestreet.3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldntgoifitrained.四）动词过去式的构成（过去分词）：规则变化1)一般情况下,在动词原形末尾加-ed如look-looked2)结尾是字母e的动词加-d,如practice-practiced；3)结尾是辅音字母+y的动词,变y为i再加ed,如studystudied;4)重读闭音节结尾,双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed,如stopstopped。练练：1._she_(sing)asonglastnight?2.-Werethereanypeopleintheroom?(作否定回答)-_,_nobody.3.-_(be)theyatworkthismorning?-Yes.They_(have)ameetingtogether.4.-_Joe_(do)wellinthelong-distancerunning?-Yes,he_.5.Where_TinasFamily_(go)lastSummer?-They_(go)toNewYorkfortheirvacation.过去进行时：1、概述过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravellingeasttowestwhenhesawit.那位记者说他看见UFO时，它正由东向西飞行。IdontthinkJimsawme;hewasjuststaringintospace.我想吉姆没看见我；他当时正在凝视天空。2、构成构成过去进行时常由“助动词be的过去时was/were+现在分词”构成。wasnot常简写为wasnt,werenot简略为werent。-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?喂，看你上哪了？-Oh,Imterriblysorry.Iwasntnoticing噢，实在对不起，我刚才没留神。Itwasrainingwhenweleftschool.我们离开学校的时候正在下雨。WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？3、过去进行时的用法（1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.我三年前第一次遇见丽莎时。她在一家无线电商店工作。ThelasttimeIsawJane,shewaspickingcottoninthefields.我最后一次见简，她正在地里摘棉花。Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.汤姆溜进了那所房因为当时没人注意他。Itwasrainingat6oclockthismorning.今早六点钟时正在下雨。Iwasdrawingahorsewhentheteachercamein.当老师进来时，我正在画马。（2）表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。ShirleywaswritingabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.舍利去年在写一本有关中国的书，但我不知道他是否完成。Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.去年冬天他们在建大坝。IwaslivinginmyteachershousewhenIwasinmiddleschool.上中学时，我住在老师家里。在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个动作用一般过去时。如果表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，而不考虑动作的先后长短，则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时。MypendroppedonthegroundwhenIwaswalkinginthepark.我在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉到地上了。WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。Thestudentswerereadingwhiletheteacherwasgradingtheirhomework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。（3）用来描写故事发生的背景在口语或记叙代中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.一个漆黑的夜晚，狂风大作，大雨倾盆，一位年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。Marywasmakingadresswhenshecutherfinger.玛丽在缝衣服时，突然扎破了手。Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.他刚要人睡，这时突然听到有人砸门。（4）代替过去将来时用于come,go,leave,start,stay,arrive等表位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。Sheaskedmewhetherhewasstartingthenextday.她问我他是否第二天就走。（5）表达褒贬等感情色彩过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。Hewasalwaystryingoutnewideas.他总是试验一些新的设想。Hewasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.他老是怨这怨那。（6）wonder,hope,think，want等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气-Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?-打扰了,先生。你能帮我个忙吗？-Ofcourse.Whatisit?-当然。什么事？-Iwaswonderingifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.-我一直在想你是否能告诉我怎样填这张表。-Whatwereyouwanting?你要什么？-Iwashopingyouwouldhelpmewiththework.我希望你能帮我做这项工作。练一练1.I_cookedamealwhenyou_me.a.cooked,wereringingb.wascooking,rangc.wascooking,wereringingd.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhe_todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.triesb.triedc.wastryingd.willtry3.Whileshe_TV,she_asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswatching,washearingb.watched,washearingc.watched,heardd.waswatching,heard4.They_afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewatchingb.watchc.watchedd.arewatching5.Whatbook_you_whenI_youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,read,wasseeingb.did,read,sawc.were,reading,sawd.were,reading,wasseeing6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green_readytoflytoEngland.a.aregettingb.getc.weregettingd.got7.LeiFeng_always_ofotherswhenhe_inthearmy.a.is,thinking,wasb.was,thinking,isc.did,think,isd.was,thinking,was8.Agirl_mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_me.a.saw,passedb.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing9.We_fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus_.a.werewaiting,waitingb.werewaiting,waitc.waited,waitingd.waited,wait10.He_hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helpsb.wouldhelpc.washelpingd.ishelping11.Whilemother_somewashing,I_akiteforKate.a.did,madeb.wasdoing,madec.wasdoing,wasmakingd.did,wasmaking12.“_youangrythen?”“they_toomuchnoise.”a.are,weremakingb.were,weremakingc.are,maded.were,made13.He_somecookingatthattime,so_mea.did,heardb.did,didnthearc.wasdoing,heardd.wasdoing,didnthear14.Thistimeyesterdayjack_hisbike.He_TVa.repaired,didntwatchb.wasrepairing,watchedc.repaired,watchedd.wasrepairing,wasntwatching15.Hisparentswantedtoknowhowhe_onwithhisnewclassmates.a.wasgettingb.getsc.isgettingd.willget4、一般过去时与过去进行时用法比较4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别(1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的