高中阶段所有从句ppt课件

Welcometoourclass 句子结构 按句子的结构划分 句子分为简单句 并列句 复合句三种 一 简单句 只有一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示 这样的句子称为简单句 简单一般分为以下五类 S V Thesunrisesintheeast S V O Mybrotherboughtanewcellphone S V P Thegrassturnsgreen S V Oi Od Myfathergavemeagift S V O C Hemadethebabylaugh 二 并列句 并列句往往由并列连词连接 并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系 常见的并列连词有and notonly butalso neither nor neither nor or either or but yet still however while when for so thus therefore等 Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain 三 复合句 由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句 主句是复合句的主干部分 从句在主句中可以充当主语 宾语 表语 同位语 定语 状语等 Whathedidmadehismotherangry Parentsshouldn tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant Thisisbecauseyouaretoocareless Checkallyouranswersbeforeyouturninyourpapers Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople shealth 定语从句 定义 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句 定语从句的作用相当于形容词 又称为形容词性从句 定语从句用来修饰名词 代词或整个主句 Hewhodoesn treachtheGreatWallisnottrueman MissGreenisastrictbutkindteacherwhoalwayscaresforeverystudent Footballisplayedinover80countries whichmakesitpopular I llneverforgetthedays关系代词 在从句中作宾语先行词thatwespenttogether 修饰 关系代词的选择和作用1 先行词指人时 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who 作宾语时用whom whom可以省略 TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr Li ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr Li 2 先行词指物时 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用which 作宾语时可省略 Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn tneedmuchwater Thefish which weboughtwerenotfresh 3 先行词既可以指人也可以指物 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 宾语或表语时 用that 作宾语是可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Thegirl that wesawyesterdayisJim ssister He schanged He snotthemanthathewasbefore 4 Whose的意义相当于所有格 在定语从句中作定语 先行词可以是人也可以是物 指物时可与ofwhich互换 名词 ofwhich Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher ThehousewhosewindowsfaceeastisMr Smith s ThehousethewindowsofwhichfaceseastisMr Smith s 关系副词的选择和作用 1 当先行词是一个表示时间的名词 且从句中缺少时间状语时 选择关系副词when IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing 比较 Istillrememberthedaythat whichwespenttogether 2 当先行词是一个表示地点的名词 且从句中缺少地点状语时 选择关系副词where Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear 比较 Thisistheplacethat whichIoncevisited 3 当先行词是thereason s 且从句中缺少原因状语时 选择关系副词why Thisisthereasonwhyhewaskilled 比较 Thisreasonthat whichhegaveuswasunacceptable 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 介词 关系代词 也可以在从句中充当时间 地点 原因等状语 介词选择遵循三个原则 1 根据先行词的搭配习惯thedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy IstillremembertheyearinwhichIstayedhere 2 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配onwhichIspent5Yuan ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5Yuan fromwhichIlearntalot 3 根据所表达的意义Thewallonwhichthereisamapfaceseast Thewallinwhichthereisawindowfaceseast As和which 1 as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句 在定义从句中作主语或宾语 指代前面整个句子 区别 as引导的非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 之后 也可以放在中间 which引导的非限制性定语从句 只能放在主句之后 as有正如 正像的含义 而which没有 Shakespeareisafamousplaywright asweknow Asweknow Shakespeareisafamousplaywright Shakespeare asweknow isafamousplaywright Hismotherisanengineer whichmakeshimproud 2 若先行词被such或thesame所修饰 关系代词用as Heissuchakindmanaswealllike ThisisthesamewatchasIlost 只能用that的情况1 当先行词是all much little any few something anything everything none nothing theone等不定代词时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou 2 当先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited 3 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten 4 先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered 5 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere 不能用that的情况 1 在非限制性定语从句中Dinnerstartswithasmalldish whichiscalledastarter 2 在定语从句中作介词的宾语 且介词位于关系代词前时 I mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches 定语从句中主谓一致问题1 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致 Mr Smith whoisnowdownstairs isaskingtoseeyou TheSmiths whoarenowdownstairs areaskingtoseeyou 2 Oneof 复数名词 关系代词 谓语动词复数形式 the only oneof 复数名词 关系代词 谓语动词单数形式 Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard Heisthe only oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad 在定语从句中 被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现 Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit 当先行词是way表示方式 方法时 关系词可用inwhich that或省略 Thisisthewayinwhich that IstudyEnglish 当先行词situation point degree等作先行词表示抽象的地点 其后常由where引导定语从句 在定语从句中作地点状语 Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher Isthisschool wevisited Thisschoolistheonethatwevisited Isthistheschool wevisited Thisistheschoolthatwevisited 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1 在句子功能方面 非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用 没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚 而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的 它对先行词起着限制 修饰作用 否则 指代不清 Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterthepatients Lijiang whereIwasborn isverybeautiful 2 在非限制性定语从句中 先行词可以是名词 代词或者一个句子 而限制性定语从句中 先行词一般是名词或代词 Theearthgoesroundthesun whichistrue Shehasfoundthenecklace that shelosttwoweeksago 3 在语言形式上 非限制性定语从句的引导词前有逗号将其与主句分开 而限制性定语从句则没有 4 在句子结构上 非限制性定语从句中作宾语时 关系词不可省略 而在限制性定语从句中可以省略 Thenovel which Ihavereadthreetimesisverymoving Thisnovel whichIhavereadthreetimes isverymoving 5 在关系词上 非限制性定语从句中不用that 指人时用who whom 指物用which 关系副词则用when where forwhich6 非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句 而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语 1 Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend A whyB whereC whichD that2 Thenews ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday snewspaper A whichB whetherC whatD that3 Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A itB whatC whichD that B D C 4 Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury A whichB thatC whatD who5 TheScienceMuseum wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain isoneofLondon stouristattractions A whichB whatC thatD where6 Lookout Don tgettooclosetothehouse roofisunderrepair A whoseB whichC ofwhichD that C A A 7 Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves Yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston A whyB whereC howD 8 Ifashophaschairs womencanparktheirmen womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop A thatB whichC whenD where9 Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking thefirst Ireallyenjoyed A ofthatB ofwhichC thatD which10 Jimpassedthedrivingtest surprisedeverybodyintheoffice A whichB thatC thisD it D D B A 11 isreportedinthenewspapers talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress A ItB AsC ThatD What12 Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool hewentontoCambridge A fromwhichB afterthatC afterwhichD fromthis13 Hersisterhasbecomealawyer shewantedtobe A whoB thatC whatD which B C D 单句改错 1 Ialsoenjoytheeveningwhenwespenttogether 2 IliveinBeijing whereisthecapitalofChina 3 Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathasbeenpublishedsofar 4 Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerepraised 5 Iwillgiveyoursisteramodelplanewhichshewillliketoplay 6 ItisthemostexcitingfootballmatchwhichIhaveseen 7 Whichweknow heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback 8 Hedoesn thavesuchamindthatisnecessarytoascientist 9 TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong 10 Onthewallhungapicture whichcolorisblue 14 Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut hesaidit A thewayB inthewaythatC inthewayD thewaywhich15 Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp Thereisnooneelse isthere A whototurntoB shecanturntoC forwhomturnD forhertoturn16 Byusingyoureyesyoucantellthedirection lightcomes A inwhichB fromwhichC withwhichD onwhich A B A 17 Canyoutellmethenameoftheshop youpaidavisitlastweek A whatB whichC towhichD tothat18 I who yourfriend willtrymybesttohelpyou A beB amC areD is19 Thelastquestion canbeusedbyyou A whichheaskedB thathewasaskeditC heaskedD heaskedit C B C 20 Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason mayexplainhisabsence A whyB whenC thatD what21 Thebox colorisredandwhite isforputtingoldbooks A whichB whoseC itsD that22 shecoulddowastogobackhome A AllwhatB AllthatC AllthisD Allwhich C B B 形容词性从句 定语从句 主语从句表语从句复合句名词性从句宾语从句同位语从句副词性从句 状语从句 主语从句 主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语 引导主语从句的词有 连词 thatwhether 连接代词 whowhatwhich 连接副词 whenwherehowwhy等Thathewillcometothepartyexcitedus Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonyourself Whowonthegameisnowknown Whathesaidisright Whenweshallmeetagainisunknown that一般置于句首 引导的是一个完整的陈述句 that在从句中无任何意义 不作成分 只起连接作用 但不可以省略有时 为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调 常用it作形式主语 把that引导的主语从句放到后面 常用的句式主要有 It be 形容词 that从句常用的形容词有 likely right wrong certain necessary important natural strange obvious clear等Itisnecessarythatwe should buyaChinese Englishdictionary Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow 在 Itisnecessary important strange natural that从句 结构中 从句谓语动词常用 should 动词原形 should也可省略 It be 名词 that从句常用的名词有 apity ashame afact anhonor awonder nowonder goodnews等Itisapitythatyoudidn tattendthelecture Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess It be 动词 ed that从句常用的动词 ed形式 said believed hoped reported told thought advised decided suggested ordered等Itissaidthatthefamouswriterwillvisitourschoolnextweek Itwassuggestedthateachstudent should singasonginEnglish 在 Itisadvised decided suggested ordered that从句 结构中 从句谓语动词常用 should 动词原形 should也可省略 It 特殊动词 that从句常用的动词有 happen doesn t matter occur make difference等IthappenedthatIknewhowtodealwithit Itdoesn tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语 放在系动词之后 引导表语从句的词有 连词 thatwhether 连接代词 whowhatwhich 连接副词 whenwherehowwhy另外 because asif though也可引导表语从句 Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn tgetupontime Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot Changshaisnotwhatitusedtobe Thisishowwegotoutoftroublethen Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain that在从句中无任何意义 不作成分 只起连接作用 但不可以省略 当主语为advice decision demand suggestion order等表示要求 主张 建议 命令的词时 从句谓语动词为 should 动词原形 should可以省略 Myadviceisthatyou should stopsmoking 同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用 它一般跟在某些名词 fact idea news promise等 的后面 用以说明或解释前面的名词 引导同位语从句的有连词that 少数情况也用whether how when where why等 Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue Thestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookwasworthreading that在从句中无任何意义 不作成分 只起连接作用 但不可以省略 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Thenewsthattheywonthegameistrue Thenews that youtoldusistrue a 从意义上讲 前者对名词加以解释说明 后者对名词进行修饰 限定 b 从结构上讲 前者由连词that引导 不作成分 不可省略 后者由关系词引导 代替先行词在从句中作某个成分 作宾语时可省略 填入适当的引导词 1 hewantsisabook2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Is hetoldustrue 4 Ithasbeenproved eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife 5 wasmostimportanttoher shetoldme washerfamily 6 mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice 7 Itisnoneofyourbusiness otherpeoplethinkaboutyou Believeyourself 8 parentssayanddohasalife longeffectontheirchildren 9 hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain 10 hecamehereisnotknown 11 hewillgoornotisnotclear 12 willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedthisafternoon 1 08北京卷 Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury A whichB thatC whatD who2 08上海春卷 Thenews ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday snewspaperA whichB whetherC whatD that3 08上海春卷 wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiledA WhatB WhichC WhetherD That 4 08上海卷 Ashisbestfriend Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout hewilldoorthink A whatB whichC whomD that5 08上海卷 Ithasbeenproved eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife A ifB becauseC whenD that6 08天津卷 Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas wewerevisitingtheWaterPark A whereB howC whenD why7 08重庆卷 PeopleinChongqingareproudof theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears A thatB whichC whatD how 8 08安徽卷 Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout theycangowithanewteacher A howfarB howsoonC howoftenD howlong9 08浙江卷 wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway A AnyoneB TheoneC WhoeverD Who10 08浙江卷 Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom theirparentsspeakathome A whatB thatC whichD one 11 08湖南卷 Whenasked theyneededmost thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved A whatB whyC whomD which12 08陕西卷 TomorrowisTom sbirthday Haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld A whatB whichC thatD where13 08福建卷 isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing A ItB WhatC AsD Which14 08山东卷 wasmostimportanttoher shetoldme washerfamily A ItB ThisC WhatD As 1 mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice 2007全国卷II A WhatB WhyC WhereD Which2 hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader 2007上海卷 A ThatB WhatC WhetherD Where3 Thetraditionalviewis wesleepbecauseourbrainis programmed tomakeusdoso 2007上海卷 A whenB whyC whetherD that4 CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales please 2007山东卷 A anyoneB someoneC whoeverD Nomatterwho 5 Youcanonlybesureof youhaveatpresent youcannotbesureofsomething youmightgetinthefuture 2007安徽卷 A that whatB what C which thatD that6 Where sthatreport Ibroughtittoyou youwereinMr Black sofficeyesterday 2007北京卷 A ifB whenC becauseD before7 Itisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou Believeyourself 2007福建卷 A howB whatC whichD when8 Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed and allthelightswereoff theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom 2007湖南卷 A whyB thatC whenD where 9 Choosingtherightdictionarydependson youwanttouseitfor 2007江苏卷 A whatB whyC howD whether10 parentssayanddohasalife longeffectontheirchildren 2007陕西卷 A ThatB WhichC WhatD As11 Byimprovingreadingskills youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreofyouread 2007上海春 A thatB whatC whichD whether 1 安徽06 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool Itisnolonger itwas20yearsago itwassopoorlyequipped A what whenB that whichC what whichD when that2 辽宁06 Doyouhaveanyidea is