计算机介绍英文版ppt课件

Teacher baiyanE mail baiyan1 1 Chapter1 IntroductiontoComputers 2 Chapter1Objectives Recognizetheimportanceofcomputerliteracy Definethetermcomputerandidentifyitscomponents Explainwhyacomputerisapowerfultool Recognizethepurposeofanetwork DiscusstheusesoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb Distinguishbetweeninstallingandrunningaprogram Identifythetypesofsoftware Describethecategoriesofcomputers Determinehowtheelementsofaninformationsysteminteract Identifythetypesofcomputerusers Discussvariouscomputerapplicationsinsociety 3 AWorldofComputers Whatiscomputerliteracy p 5Fig 1 1 Knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheiruses Computersareeverywhere 4 Howisacomputerdefined WhatIsaComputer p 6 Electronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemory 5 WhatIsaComputer Whatistheinformationprocessingcycle p 6Fig 1 2 InputProcessOutputStorageCommunication 6 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaninputdevice p 7Fig 1 3 Hardwareusedtoenterdataandinstructions 7 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisanoutputdevice p 8Fig 1 3 Hardwarethatconveysinformationtoauser 8 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisthesystemunit p 8Fig 1 3 Box likecasecontainingelectroniccomponentsusedtoprocessdata 9 TheComponentsofaComputer Whataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard p 8 CentralProcessingUnit CPU AlsocalledaprocessorCarriesoutinstructionsthattellcomputerwhattodo MemoryTemporaryholdingplacefordataandinstructions 10 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisstorage p 8 StoragemediaPhysicalmaterialonwhichdata instructions andinformationarestored StoragedeviceRecordsandretrievesitemstoandfromastoragemedium Holdsdata instructions andinformationforfutureuse 11 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisstoragemedia p 8 Digitalcameras Handheldcomputers Portable thinmemorycardsusedin 12 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisafloppydisk p 8Fig 1 4 Thin circular flexiblediskenclosedinrigidplasticshell AUSBflashdriveisportable andhasmuchgreaterstoragecapacity 13 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaflashdrive p 9Fig 1 5 ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorZip disk Smallandlightweightenoughtobetransportedonakeychainorinapocket 14 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaflashdrive 15 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaharddisk p 9Fig 1 6 ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorUSBflashdrive Housedinsidethesystemunit 16 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisacompactdisc p 9Fig 1 7 Flat round portablemetaldisc CD ROMCD RWDVD ROMDVD RW 17 WhyIsaComputerSoPowerful p 10 Whatmakesacomputerpowerful 18 NetworksandtheInternet Whatisanetwork p 10 CommunicationsMedia CommunicationsDevice Collectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether 19 Toshare NetworksandtheInternet Whatarethereasonstonetwork p 10 Resources Hardwaredevices Softwareprograms Data Tosavetimeandmoney Information 20 NetworksandtheInternet Whatisaserver p 10Fig 1 8 Managestheresourcesonanetwork Aclientaccessestheresourcesontheserver 21 NetworksandtheInternet WhatistheInternet p 11Fig 1 9 Worldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillionsofcomputers 22 NetworksandtheInternet p 12Fig 1 10 WhydousersaccesstheInternet Information Shopping BankingandInvesting Classes Entertainment Communications 23 NetworksandtheInternet WhatistheWeb p 13 AWebsiteisacollectionofrelatedWebpages AWebpagecontainstext graphics sound video andlinkstootherWebpages YoucanshareinformationbycreatingWebpagesorpostingphotosonaphotocommunity Billionsofdocuments calledWebpages availabletoanyoneconnectedtotheInternet 24 ComputerSoftware Howdoyouinstallasoftwareprogram p 14Fig 1 13 Aprogramisaseriesofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodo 25 ComputerSoftware Whatissystemsoftware p 15 OperatingSystem OS isasetofprogramsthatcoordinatesallactivitiesamongcomputerhardwaredevicesandallowsuserstorunapplicationsoftware UtilityProgramsallowtheusertoperformmaintenance typetasksusuallyrelatedtomanagingacomputer itsdevicesoritsprograms Programsthatcontroltheoperationsofthecomputeranditsdevices 26 ComputerSoftware Whatisapplicationsoftware p 16Fig 1 15 PresentationGraphics Spreadsheet Database WordProcessing Programsthatperformspecifictasksforusers 27 ComputerSoftware Whatisaprogrammer p 17Fig 1 16 Someonewhodevelopsapplicationorsystemsoftware Programmerwritesinstructionstodirectcomputertoprocessdataintoinformation Javascriptprogram ResultingInternetapplication 28 CategoriesofComputers p 18 Whatarethecategoriesofcomputers 29 ComputerSoftware Whatisagraphicaluserinterface GUI p 14Fig 1 14 AllowsyoutointeractwiththesoftwareusinggraphicsandiconsControlshowyouenterdataandhowthescreendisplaysinformation 30 PersonalComputers Whatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonalcomputers p 19Figs 1 18 1 19 PCandcompatiblesusetheWindowsoperatingsystem AppleMacintoshusestheMacintoshoperatingsystem MacOS 31 PersonalComputers Whatisadesktopcomputer p 19Fig 1 18 Designedsoallofthecomponentsfitonorunderadeskortable 32 PersonalComputers Whatisanotebookcomputer p 20Fig 1 20 Portable smallenoughtofitonyourlapAlsocalledalaptopcomputerGenerallymoreexpensivethanadesktopcomputer 33 HandheldComputers WhatisatabletPC p 20Fig 1 21 Especiallyusefulfortakingnotes Resemblesaletter sizedslate Allowsyoutowriteonthescreenusingadigitalpen 34 HandheldComputers WhatareWeb enabledhandheldcomputers p 21Fig 1 23 Allowyoutochecke mailandaccesstheInternet Web enabledtelephoneisa smartphone 35 HandheldComputers Whatisahandheldcomputer p 21 36 HandheldComputers Whatisapersonaldigitalassistant PDA p 21Fig 1 23 ProvidespersonalorganizerfunctionsCalendarAppointmentbookAddressbookCalculatorNotepad 37 Servers Whattypesofserversarethere p 22and23Figs 1 25 1 27 MidrangeserverPowerful largecomputerthatsupportsuptoafewthousandcomputers MainframeVerypowerful expensivecomputerthatsupportsthousandsofcomputers SupercomputerThefastest mostpowerful mostexpensivecomputer Usedforapplicationsrequiringcomplexmathematicalcalculations 38 ElementsofanInformationSystem Whatareinformationsystemelements p 24Fig 1 28 PeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware 39 ExamplesofComputerUsage p 25Fig 1 29 Whatarefivecategoriesofcomputerusers 40 ExamplesofComputerUsage Whatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser p 26Fig 1 30 41 ExamplesofComputerUsage p 28Fig 1 33 Localareanetwork LAN ProductivitysoftwareSpecialtysoftwareWebusageE mail Whatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice homeoffice SOHO user 42 Hardware ExamplesofComputerUsage Whatisavailableforamobileuser p 29Fig 1 35 SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonalinformationmanager 43 ExamplesofComputerUsage Whataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser p 30Figs 1 37 1 40 Webaccess Publickiosk Telec