how-to-write-a--summary-详细讲解PPT课件

1 Howtowritea Summary 2 Summary Abridgebetweenreadingandwritingwhatisasummary 3 Definitionofasummary Asummaryisashortenedversionoftheoriginal highlightthemajorpoints getthegist mainpoints inashortperiodoftime bewritteninyourownwords 4 Differencesbetweensummaryandabstract summary概要 概括总结abstract论文摘要Abstractisashort clear highpointer Summaryisalittledetailedoutversionofabstract Asummaryreflectswhattheoriginalcontains whereasanabstractreflectswhattheoriginalisabout Asummarycontainsthemeatoftheoriginal whereasanabstractcontainsonlyitsskeletalstructure 5 e g amovie itisgood or itisalovestory abstract thereisaherofallsinlovewithagirl hechasesher thentheygetmarriedetc summarywhenyouwriteapaper anabstractisneeded butyoudon tneedtowriteasummary Wecansaysummaryisakindoftool 6 Characteristicsofagoodsummary asummarymustbecomprehensiveasummarymustbeconciseasummarymustbecoherentasummarymustbeindependent 7 上一页 Dosanddont swhenwritingasummary thelengthofasummary one thirdtoone quarterofitsoriginalsize asummaryiswriteninyourownwords notinthewordsoftheoriginalselection asummarygivesonlymainpointsofthetext youshoulddecidewhattypeofasummarybasedontheneedsforthereader 8 Stylesofpassage 9 Stepsofsummarywriting reading writing modifying 10 First reading 1 Skimandscanthetexttoidentifythetopicandtounderstandhowtheinformationhasbeenorganized 2 Readingcarefully Makeanoteofthewriter smainpointsinyourownwords 11 Second writing 1 useyourownwords2 writeinthethirdperson thepassivevoice 被动语态 12 Third modifying 1 omitrepetitionanddetails2 revisethewritinguntilyouaresurethatyouhaveanaccuratesummarywhichflowslogically 13 Someskillsofwritingasummary Skill1 OmitthedetailsSkill2 OmittherepetitionsSkill3 OmittheexamplesSkill4 Usegeneral 概括性 wordsinsteadofspecific 具体的 wordsSkill5 PutthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoiceSkill6 Findoutthetopicsentenceorthekeywords 14 Someexamples 1 Youcanthinkofawaytomanageyourtemper Herearesometips 1 Weshouldtrytocalmdownandfigureoutwhatwearereallyupsetabout 2 Keepadiary Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings 3 Wecantrytotalkwithourbestfriendstoreleasestressfulemotions Summary Skill Therearemanytipsforyoutomanageyourtemper 3 Omittheexamples 15 2 Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobemoreindependentfromtheirparentsandsometimesbecomeveryrebellious Theyalwayswanttowearlongandstrangehairstyle whichtheirparentscomplainaboutalot TheyalsospendtoomuchtimeontheInternetandplayingcomputergames Summary Skill Nowadays thereisanincreasingtendencythatmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobehaveindependentlyanddifferently 1 Omitthedetails 16 3 KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly Youputtoosaltonyourfood Paul It snotatallgoodforyou Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned Whyonearthnot Ifyoudidn thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful likeeatingwoodorsand justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit Summary Skill KateaskedPaulnottousetoomuchsaltonhisfoodandtoldhimmanydisadvantagesofit 5 Putthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoice 17 4 Shebroughtalotofvegetablessuchascabbage carrots cucumbers tomatoes potatoesandsomeeggs Sheintendedtoinviteallhisfriendsforherbirthdaypartyattheweekend Summary Skill Toholdherbirthdaypartyattheweekend sheboughtalotofvegetable