自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典

自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典 本文简介：EditByCKMidof2009ReadingComprehesion(BritishandAmericanLiterature)ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第2页Catalog第一章第一章英国。自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典EditByCKMidof2009ReadingComprehesion(BritishandAmericanLiterature)ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第2页Catalog第一章第一章英国文学英国文学4上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介4RENAISSANCEPERIOD(文艺复兴时期)5Spenser(埃德蒙埃德蒙斯宾赛斯宾赛)6Marlowe(克里斯托夫克里斯托夫马洛马洛)8Shakespeare(威廉威廉莎士比亚莎士比亚)9Bacon(弗兰西斯弗兰西斯培根培根)10Donne(约翰约翰邓恩邓恩)12Milton(约翰约翰弥尔顿弥尔顿)13NEOCLASSICALPERIOD(新古典主义时期)13Bunyan(约翰约翰班扬班扬)14:nd?Pope(亚历山大亚历山大蒲柏蒲柏)15Defoe(丹尼尔丹尼尔笛福笛福)16?n?nSwift(乔纳森乔纳森斯威夫特斯威夫特).17HenryFielding(亨利亨利费尔丁费尔丁)17SamuelJohnson(塞缪尔塞缪尔约翰逊约翰逊)18BrinsleySheridan(理查理查比比谢立丹谢立丹)18ThomasGray(托马斯托马斯格雷格雷)19ROMANTICPERIOD(浪漫主义时期).20Blake(威兼威兼布莱克布莱克).20WilliamWordsworth(威廉威廉华兹华斯华兹华斯).21SamuelTaylorColeridge(塞塞泰泰科勒律治科勒律治)22GeorgeGordonByron(乔治乔治戈登戈登拜伦拜伦)23ByssheShelley(波波比比雪莱雪莱).23JohnKeats(约翰约翰济慈济慈).24JaneAusten(简简奥斯汀奥斯汀)25THEVICTORIANPERIOD维多利亚时期26CharlesDickens(查尔斯查尔斯狄更斯狄更斯)26TheBronteSisters(布朗蒂姐妹布朗蒂姐妹).27AlfredTennyson(阿尔弗雷德阿尔弗雷德丁尼生丁尼生)28RobertBrowning（罗伯特（罗伯特布朗宁）布朗宁）.28ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第3页GeorgeEliot(乔治乔治艾略特艾略特).29ThomasHardy(托马斯托马斯哈代哈代)30THEMODERNPERIOD(现代主义).30GeorgeBernardShaw(乔治乔治萧伯纳萧伯纳)32JohnGalsworthy?:lzw?:ei(约翰约翰高尔斯华绥高尔斯华绥).34WilliamButlerYeats（威廉（威廉巴特勒巴特勒叶芝）叶芝）34Eliot（埃略特）埃略特）35Lawrence(戴维戴维伯特伯特劳伦斯劳伦斯)36JamesJoyceeimz?is（詹姆斯（詹姆斯乔伊斯）乔伊斯）.37第二章第二章美国文学美国文学40ROMANTICPERIOD(浪漫主义时期).40Irving(华盛顿华盛顿欧文欧文)40WaldoEmersonr?lf(拉尔夫拉尔夫华尔多华尔多爱默生爱默生)41Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔纳撒尼尔霍桑霍桑)42WaltWhitman(华尔特华尔特惠特曼惠特曼).43HermanMelville(赫尔曼赫尔曼麦尔维尔麦尔维尔).44THEREALISTICPERIOD(现实主义时期)45MarkTwain(马克马克吐温吐温)46HenryJames(亨利亨利詹姆斯詹姆斯).47EmilyDickinson(艾米莉艾米莉狄金森狄金森).48TheodoreDreiser(西奥多西奥多德莱塞德莱塞)49THEMODERNPERIOD(现代时期).50EzraPound(埃兹拉埃兹拉庞德庞德).50RobertLeeFrost(罗伯特罗伯特弗洛斯特弗洛斯特)51EugeneONeill(尤金尤金奥尼尔奥尼尔)52Fitzgerald(司各特司各特菲兹杰拉德菲兹杰拉德).52ErnestHemingway(欧内斯特欧内斯特海明威海明威).53WilliamFaulkner(威廉威廉福克纳福克纳).54ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第4页第一章第一章英国文学英国文学上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介?古英文学范围：450-1066，罗马征服英国?古英诗分为两类：宗教类和世俗类?Beowul(贝奥武夫)，古英国民族史诗例子?赞扬骑士或其它英雄的浪漫史：中世纪?乔叟的坎特伯雷集：第一次描写中世纪英国社会现实?乔叟介绍来自法国的押韵诗节，来代替英国的头韵诗节?乔叟：英国诗歌之父?乔叟把角色提到一个立体的高度，有个人独特的气质?中世纪的英国文学是一个空洞的(barren)时期1、TheperiodofoldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanConquestofEngland.2、Generallyspeaking,theOldEnglishpoetrythathassurvivedcanbedividedintotwogroups:thereligiousgroupandthesecular世俗世俗的的one.3、Beowulf贝奥武夫（一个英雄名）,atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetry,isregardedtodayasthenationalepic史诗oftheAnglo-saxons.盎格鲁撒克逊族(古英国人的一个种族)盎格鲁撒克逊语(又名古代英语OldEnglish)4、Romance浪漫史whichusesnarrative叙述的叙述的verse诗句orprose散文tosingknightly骑士的adventuresorotherheroicdeedsisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第5页5、Theworkthatpresented,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,acomprehensiverealisticpictureofthemedievalEnglishsocietyandcreatedawholegallery走廊ofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeismostlikelyGeofferyChaucersTheCanterburyTales.efr?乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集6、ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzas押韵诗节押韵诗节ofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplacetheoldEnglishalliterativeverse?l?t?r?t?v?l?t?r?t?vadj.头韵的,头韵体的7、ChaucerwascalledthefatherofEnglishRenaissancePeriod(文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期)?文艺复兴时期：中世纪自现代的中间转折期（14世纪到17世纪中叶）?文艺复兴时期，古罗马和希腊文学的重新发现?文艺复兴时期的本质：人道主义?文艺复兴的重大改革：圣经的传播?文艺复兴的宗教改革：阶段斗争?英国文学家认为Petrarch彼德拉克是文学的根源?文艺复兴早期，诗歌和戏剧是最突出的形式，代表人物BenJohnson,WilliamShakespeare.?伊丽莎白戏剧是文艺复兴的主流?文艺复兴影响英国比较慢，不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆，还因为英国的内乱?文艺复兴的本质是人文主义者摒弃封建主义，推动新思想的一场运动?文艺复兴是英国的文学黄金时期1、TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltomodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第6页2、TheRenaissance,whichmeansrebirthorrevial,isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology占星术,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.3、Humanismistheessence本质本质ofRenaissance.人道主义是文艺复兴时期的本质4、OneofthemajorresultsofReformationwasthefactthattheBibleinEnglishwasplacedineverychurchandserviceswereheldinEnglishsothatpeoplecouldunderstand.55、Thereligiousreformationwasactuallyareflectionoftheclassstrugglewagedbythenewrisingbourgeoisiew:zi:资产阶级againstthefeudal封建的classanditsideologyi观念学观念学6、Petrarchwasregardedasthefountainhead根源ofliteraturebyEnglishwriters.英国作家认为彼特拉克是文学的根源7、InearlystageoftheRenaissance,poetryandpoeticdramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryformsandtheywerecarriedonespeciallybyShakespeareandBenJonson.本-琼森13008、EliabethandramaisthemainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.伊丽莎白时代的戏剧是英国文艺复兴的主流。Spenser(埃德蒙埃德蒙斯宾赛斯宾赛)?代表作：仙后?12本书的12种品德ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第7页?Spenser：英雄中的英雄，亚瑟?Spenser的红十字骑士代表神圣?仙后的结局：骑士和Una结婚?Spenser：诗人中的诗人1、SpensersmasterpieceisTheFaerieQueene.仙后2、Spenserspeaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,andplans12books,eachonewithadifferentherodistinguishedforoneoftheprivatevirtues.3、Theheroofheroes,whopossessesallofthesevirtues,isArthur亚瑟,andheistoplayaroleineachofthe12major4、TheRedcrossknightinBookIstandsfor,thepatronsaintofEngland;healsorepresentsHoliness.5、TheFaerieQueeneendswithahappyweddingbetweenRedcrossknightand6、Spenserhasbeenknownas“thepoetspoet”7、Fivemainqualitiesofspenserspoetry:?Aperfectmelody.旋律旋律完好的旋律完好的旋律?Araresenseofbeauty;少有的美感?Asplendidimagination;辉煌的想像力?Aloftymoralpurityandseriousness高尚的道德洁净性和认真性?Adedicatedidealism.热诚的理想主义ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第8页Marlowe(克里斯托夫克里斯托夫马洛马洛)?代表作：共写了六个剧本，最重要的是,Tamburlain,Dr.Faustus,JewofMelta,EdwardII?Tamburlain描写一个有野心的征服者,从牧师成为了国王?Dr.Faustus是基于一个德国的传说，一个魔术师为了追求真理，把自己的灵魂卖给了魔鬼?马洛最大的成就：完善了无韵诗，并使之成为了英国戏剧的主要媒介?马洛第二个成就：文艺复兴英雄的创造?马洛：英国戏剧的先行者?“有激情的牧羊人”是英国文学最美的歌词1、Asthemostgiftedofthe“universitywits”,Marlowecomposedofsixplayswithinhisshortlifetime.Amongthemthemostimportantare:Tamburlaine,TheJewofMalta,EdwardII爱德华.2、Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitiousandpitiless有野心的并且无情的conqueror征服者征服者inthe14thcenturywhorosefromashepherd牧师牧师toanoverpowering3、isaplaybasedontheGermanlegendofamagiciani?n魔术师魔术师aspiring追求追求forknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.4、Thethemeof:AItcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness;BItalsorevealsmansfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirations志向志向inahostilemoralorder;ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第9页CAndtheconfinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofmanscondition.5、MarlowesgreatestachievementliesinthatheperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.6、MarlowessecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.7、MarlowewasbestknownasthepioneerofEnglishdrama.8、Theshortpoem“Thepassionateshepherdtohislove”isconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyrics歌词inEnglishShakespeare(威廉威廉莎士比亚莎士比亚)?代表作：A两个叙述诗：维纳斯和安东尼斯B六个喜剧：夏日晚上的梦，威尼斯商人，小题大做，只要你喜欢，第十二夜，温莎女子C两个悲剧：罗密欧和朱利叶，朱利叶丝D最伟大的四大悲剧：Hamlet,Othello,Kinglear,Macbeth?莎士比亚：伟大的剧作家和诗人，38个剧本，154个十四行诗，2个长诗?莎士比亚关键二十年：1591-1611?莎士比亚用独白（soliloquies）提示人物内心?18个十四行诗是莎士比亚最美的十四行诗?“Tobeornottobe”到自莎士比亚的村庄（Hamlet）?Shakespeare认为这样一个原则：君主统一是必须的?“Tobeornottobe”meanstoliveonortodie;tosufferortotakeaction.?许多人把“威尼斯商人”看作是基督徒的虚伪，对犹太人的不公正1、WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrights剧作家andpoetstheworldhaseverknow.Withhis38plays,154soonets十四行诗andReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第10页2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.2、Fromabout1591toabout1611,Shakespearewasintheprimeof(正值壮年)hisdramaticcarrer.3、In1593and1594,Shakespearepublishedtwonarrativepoems叙述诗,VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯andTheRapeofLucrece鲁克斯受辱记.4、Shakespearescomediesinclude:AMid-summerNightsdream,TheMerchantofVenicevenis威尼斯威尼斯,MuchAdoAboutNothing小题大做,Asyoulikeit,Twelfthnight,Themerrywivesofwindsor温莎(姓氏)5、Shakespearestragediesinclude:RemeoandJuliet,JuliusCaesar.u:lj?s朱利叶斯朱利叶斯(男子名男子名)暴君暴君66、Thesoliloquies(pl.-quies)自言自语、独白inShakespearesplaysfullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters.7、Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare.Thethemeofthispoemis:Anicesummersdayisusuallytransient短暂的短暂的,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermernenceofpoetry.8、”Tobe,nornottobethatisthequestion”isalinetakenfromHamlet村庄.Bacon(弗兰西斯弗兰西斯培根培根)?代表作：Ofstudies,NovumOrganum(新工具)?Bacon认为学术的长进是教育的一个重要阶段ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第11页?Bacon认为，人类的理解力包括三个方法：对历史的记忆，对诗歌的想像和创造，对人类理性的哲学?Bacon的诗：简短，致密，有力?Bacon在Ofstudies中提出：某些书是需要尝的，某些书需要吞，某些书需要咀噬和消化?Ofstudies是Bacon的58行诗?Bacon写的NovumOrganum(新工具)是用拉丁文写的一套方法（methodology）?BaconsOfStudiesrevealstoushismatuteattitudetolearning.?Ofstudies:读书使人充实,讨论使人有准备,写作使人严谨(exact)?培根的散文集是英国文学的典范1、TheAdvancementofLearningisagreattractoneducation.学术的长进是教育的一个重要阶段2、AccordingtoBacon,mansunderstandingconsistsofthreeparts:Ahistorytomansmemory;Bpoetrytoimaginationandcreation;Candphilosophytomansreason.3、Baconsessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity简短简短,compactness致密性、密度致密性、密度andpowerfulness.4、“Studiesservefordelight,forornament修饰修饰,andforability”isalinetakenfromBaconsOfStudies.5、InhisessayofOfstudies,Baconsaid:“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.”6、OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBacons58essays.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第12页7、ThethemeoftheOfStudies:Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexert施加influenceoverhumancharacter.8、NovumOrganum新工具新工具iswrittenbyFrancisBacon.9、NovumOrganumisasuccessfultreatise论文论文writteninlatinonmethodology?一套方法一套方法.Donne(约翰约翰邓恩邓恩)?代表作：Sermons(说教)，日出?特点：metaphysicalschool(形而上学流派)?基本主旨：爱情?JohnDonne在TheSunRising中questionthesunsauthority1、Theterm“metaphysical玄妙的、形而上学的玄妙的、形而上学的poetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2、ThoughJohnDonnespoemswerenotwellacceptedinhislifetime,theearly20thcenturysawarenewedinterestinhimandothermetaphysicalpoems.3、JohnDonneistheleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool.4、Thesongsandsonnets,bywhichDonneisprobablybestknown,containsmosthisearlylyrics.Loveisthebasictheme.5、Donnesgreatproseworksarehissermons说教,whicharebothrichandReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature?copyrightforck第13页imaginative.Milton(约翰约翰弥尔顿弥尔顿)?代表作：失乐园，力士参孙（SamsonAgonist）?失乐园是分为12本书的史诗，原始故事取至圣经?力士参孙：基于希蜡模式的戏剧诗?主旨：意愿自由?JohnMiltonsTheParodiseLosttellustobegtoGodformercyoradmirehispowerismoreshameful.?JohnMilton的作品分为三类：早期的的诗歌作品，中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大的诗歌著作?英国浪漫主义时期的作家JohnMilton的名作“失乐园”，取至圣经旧约(Testament)1、ParadiseLostisalongepic史诗dividedinto12books.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromtheBible.2、In1671appearedMiltonslastimportantworkSamsonAgonistes力士参孙,themostpowerfuldramaticpoemontheGreekmodel.3、Thefreedomofthewillisthekeystone基本原理ofMiltonscreed纲领.4、ParadiseLostisMiltonsmasterpiece.5、Miltonsliteraryachievementscanbedividedintothreegroups:AtheearlypoeticworksBthemiddleprosepamphletsCthelastgreatpoems.Readingc