TEM4(2011)作文试卷评析

TEM4 2011 作文试卷评析华东理工大学颜静兰教授 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 主讲人颜静兰教授简介英语专业四 八级考试写作阅卷组组长华东理工大学外国语学院副院长 博士生导师全国跨文化交际研究会常务理事 上海市分会副会长上海市外文协会理事 华东理工大学英语演讲辩论中心主任研究生方向 跨文化交际学 英国文学 英语教学 英语演讲辩论 英语专业四级考试大纲写作要求 PartVI Writing 1 测试要求 a 作文 根据所给的作文题目 提纲或图表 数据等 写一篇200个单词左右的作文 能做到内容切题 完整 条理清楚 结构严谨 语法正确 语言通顺 表达得体 考试时间35分钟 b 便条 能根据所给提示写50至60个单词的便条 通知 请帖等 能做到格式正确 语言得体 考试时间10分钟 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 2 测试形式 本部分为主观试题 分两节 SectionA和SectionB SectionA Composition 本节是命题作文 文章体裁主要属于说明文 议论文或记叙文的范围 SectionB Note writing 本节是写便条 3 测试目的 按照 大纲 的要求测试学生的书面表达能力 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 便条写作 Note writing 2011便条题目 WriteonANSERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50 60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation Duringthesummervacationyouwouldliketoinviteyourbestfriendtoyourhometown Writeanotetohim her extendingyourinvitationandtellinghim herhowtogettoyourhometown 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Noteofinvitation 邀请便条一般应该包含下面一些内容 TheoccasionfortheinvitationWhen where howThereasonforinvitingtheaddresseeThehopeofhavingtheinvitationaccepted 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Example1 题目 YouareSusanandyouhavejustmovedintoanewhouse soyouaregoingtoholdahouse warmingparty Writeanotetoyourformerclassmate Lily invitinghertoyourparty Sample March10th 2011DearLily WejustmovedintoabignewhouselocatedinthesuburbsofShanghaithedaybeforeyesterday Weareplanningtoholdahousewarmingpartyat7p m nextSaturday Manyofourformerclassmatesarecoming I msurewe llhaveawonderfultime Ifyoucancome pleasegivemearing 63words Yourssincerely Susan 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 1 Theoccasionfortheinvitation WejustmovedintoabignewhouselocatedinthesuburbsofShanghaithedaybeforeyesterday 2 When where how Weareplanningtoholdahousewarmingpartyat7p m nextSaturday 3 Thereasonforinvitingtheaddressee Manyofourformerclassmatesarecoming I msurewe llhaveawonderfultime 4 Thehopeofhavingtheinvitationaccepted Ifyoucancome pleasegivemearing 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 便条写作评分标准 1 格式 1 Date 日期 正确写法 April16th 2011April16 2011April1616April2011出现任何错误都扣一分 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 2 Heading 称呼 DearLily DearLily Lily 位置 在日期下面一行左侧 April16th 2011DearLily 缺标点或标点位置错都扣一分 3 Ending 结尾 Yourssincerely Sincerelyyours Yours Sincerely Lucy拼错扣一分 人名必须写在另一行 写错行扣一分 人名不写 或者写成XXX也要扣一分 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 3 语言方面 占6分 语言没有大的错误语言得体优美4 其他方面字数要符合要求 不到50或超过80扣一分条理清楚合乎题目要求 语法正确 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Duringthesummervacationyouwouldliketoinviteyourbestfriendtoyourhometown Writeanotetohim her extendingyourinvitationandtellinghim herhowtogettoyourhometown 便条必须包含两方面的内容 1 邀请2 如何去要点 DuringthesummervacationYourbestfriend 单数 一个 ToyourhometownExtendingyourinvitationHowtogettoyourhometown 2011便条解析 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 便条范文 72words April16 2011DearLucy Thesummervacationisjustaroundthecorner IdohopeyouwillcomeandvisitmyhometownwhichisinZaozhuangShandong Itisaverybeautifulplacewithalotoffamoushistoricalinterests YoucantakethetrainD152whichwilltakeabout3hoursfromShanghaitomyhome I llmeetyouattherailwaystation Ifyoucancome pleasegivemeanemail Yours Mary 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 1 Theoccasionfortheinvitation Thesummervacationisjustaroundthecorner 2 Thereasonforinvitingtheaddressee Myhometownisaverybeautifulplacewithmanyfamoushistoricalinterests 3 where how myhometownwhichisinZaozhuangShandong YoucantakethetrainD152whichwilltakeabout3hoursfromShanghaitomyhome 4 Thehopeofhavingtheinvitationaccepted Ifyoucancome pleasegivemeanemail 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 专家评语 1 格式基本正确2 语言比较得体3 没有大的语法错误4 内容符合题目要求 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文 composition 要求解读1 根据所给的作文题目2 写一篇200个单词左右的作文3 基本标准 审题准确内容切题文章完整条理清楚结构严谨语法正确语言通顺表达得体 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 2011年四级作文SectionAComposition RecentlyGovernmentagenciesinsomebigcitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityof posingapollutiontax onprivatecars Theamountoftaxprivatecarownerswouldhavetopaywoulddependontheemissionlevels i e engineorvehiclesize Thishascausedquiteastiramongthepublic Someregarditasaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecity Butothersdon tthinkso Whatisyouropinion Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文题目解析2011年四级作文题目由四个部分组成1 情景介绍RecentlyGovernmentagenciesinsomebigcitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityof posingapollutiontax onprivatecars Theamountoftaxprivatecarownerswouldhavetopaywoulddependontheemissionlevels i e engineorvehiclesize Thishascausedquiteastiramongthepublic Someregarditasaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecity Butothersdon tthinkso Whatisyouropinion 2 标题Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 3 写作要求Youaretowriteinthreeparts Inthefirstpart stateclearlywhatyourviewis Inthesecondpart supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons Inthelastpart bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary 4 评分标准Markswillbeawardedforcontent organization grammarandappropriateness Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks 近10年作文题目 话题 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 题目解析 TEM4作文背景介绍一般在50个单词左右 主要是限定写作话题 2011年的背景介绍有近80个单词 比较详细 背景介绍越详细 所限定的话题就越具体 也就更不能有审题错误 这次作文的关键词 Governmentagencies somebigcities studyingthepossibilityof posingapollutiontax onprivatecarsaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecity youropinionShould privatecarowners betaxed forpollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 评分标准 11 13分内容切题 完整 条理清楚 文章结构严谨 语法正确 语言通顺恰当 少量语法错误 8 10分内容基本切题 完整 条理基本清楚 文章结构基本严谨 语法基本正确 语言基本通顺恰当 少量严重错误 一些词使用不当 5 7分内容基本切题 完整 条理不够清楚 较明显的母语痕迹 较多语言错误 许多词使用不当 2 4分内容偏题 不完整 思路混乱 语句不完整 只有少数句子可以理解 词汇拼写错误严重 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 4分作文 PrivatecarownersshouldbetaxedforpollutionWhetherputa pollutiontax onprivatecarshascausedquiteastiramongthepublic Frommypointofview privatecarownersshouldbetaxedforpollution Firstofall itisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcars Theamountofthecarsincreasedrapidlynowadays Toomuchcarsmaycausedmoretrafficjam ontheotherhand toomuchcarsalsomakeitveryinconvenientforthepeople sworkandtravel Itwillbringmanytroublesintheprocessofdriving Lastbutnottheleast puta pollutiontax onprivatecarscanreducepollutioninthecity Iftheprivatecarownerhavetopaydependontheemissionlevels i e engineorvehiclesize theywillpaymoreattentiontodrivecarproperly Thepollutionthatmadebycarwillreducedinthatway Puttinga pollutiontax onprivatecarsnotonlycanreducethepollutionandprotectourenvironmentbutalsocontrolthenumberofcars Istronglysupportit PrivatecarownersshouldbetaxedforpollutionWhetherputa pollutiontax onprivatecarshascausedquiteastiramongthepublic Accordingtomypointofview privatecarshouldbetaxedforpollution 题目格式有问题第一部分基本抄作文题目背景语法错误 Whetherput Accordingtomypointofview Accordingtosb Inmyopinion 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Firstofall itisaneffectivewaytocontroltheamountofcars Theamountofthecarsincreasedrapidlynowadays Toomuchcarsmaycausedmoretrafficjam ontheotherhand toomuchcarsalsomakeitveryinconvenientforthepeople sworkandtravel Itwillbringmanytroublesintheprocessofdriving Lastbutnottheleast putapollutiontaxonprivatecarscanreducepollutioninthecity Iftheprivatecarownerhavetopaydependontheemissionlevels i e engineorvehiclesize theywillpaymoreattentiontodrivecarproperly Thepollutionthatmadebycarwillreducedinthatway 逻辑不清 句子问题多 Controltheamountofcars Toomuchcarsmaycausedmoretrafficjam ontheotherhand toomuchcarsalsomakeitveryinconvenientforthepeople sworkandtravel 到底想说什么 思路混乱 Iftheprivatecarownerhavetopaydependontheemissionlevels i e engineorvehiclesize theywillpaymoreattentiontodrivecarproperly Thepollutionthatmadebycarwillreducedinthatway 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Puttinga pollutiontax onprivatecarsnotonlyreducethepollutionandprotectourenvironmentbutalsocontrolthenumberofcars Istronglysupportit 最后一段仍有不少句子语法问题 如 第三人称单数问题 Puttinga pollutiontax onprivatecarsnotonlyreducethepollutionandprotectourenvironmentbutalsocontrolthenumberofcars 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 分数 4分专家评论 整体写作能力差1 审题有问题 2 内容不完整 3 思路混乱 4 语句不完整 不通顺 只有少数句子可以理解 5 语法 词汇 拼写等错误严重 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 8分作文 PrivateCarOwnersShouldbeTaxedforPollutionNowadays whethertheprivatecarownersshouldbetaxedforpollutioncameintothefocus Whilesomeholdthatitisgood othersdon tthinkso Inmypointofview it saneffectivewaytoreducethepollutionandtheheavytrafficinthebigcities Inthefirstplace theprivatecarownersbetaxedforthepollutioncanresultinlesspollution Sincetheenvironmentisgettingworseamongwhichthecargaspollutionisamajorone Ifwecanletthecarsownersbetaxedthenlesscarscanbeused Sothepollutionwillbemuchlighter Peoplecantakeonecartogetherwhiletheycannotonlyreducetheenergybutalsotheycanreducelesspollution Soitisreallyabetterwaytothat Inthesecondplace thecarownerscanlessentheheavytrafficinthebigcitiesespeciallyinthehightimesuchasthetimetogotowork whenthecarslessthetimewillbeshorter it sreallyconvinent Inashort theprivatecarownerstaxingforthepollutionisaeffectiveway AsauniversitystudentIsupporttheideawhichisbeneficialtobothourenvironmentandourselves Nowadays whethertheprivatecarownersshouldbetaxedforpollutioncameintothefocus Whilesomeholdthatitisgood othersdon tthinkso Inmypointofview it saneffectivewaytoreducethepollution 第一段基本符合要求 指出了问题 表明了自己的观点 即thesisstatement it saneffectivewaytoreducethepollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Inthefirstplace theprivatecarownersbetaxedforthepollutioncanresultinlesspollution Sincetheenvironmentisgettingworseamongwhichthecargaspollutionisamajorone Ifwecanletthecarsownersbetaxedthenlesscarscanbeused Sothepollutionwillbemuchlighter Peoplecantakeonecartogetherwhiletheycannotonlyreducetheenergybutalsotheycanreducelesspollution Soitisreallyabetterwaytothat Inthesecondplace thecarownerscanlessentheheavytrafficinthebigcitiesespeciallyinthehightimesuchasthetimetogotowork Whenthecarslessthetimewillbeshorter it sreallyconvinent 第二段的第一点的topicsentence意思有了 表述有点问题 语法有错误 第二点有点偏题 没有讨论thesis指出的减少污染问题 而是提出了新的问题 是关于减少车辆问题 有点偏题 语言问题比较多 有的句子不通 反映出基本功不扎实 1 theprivatecarownersbetaxed2 lesscarscanbeused3 thecarownerscanlessentheheavytraffic4 Whenthecarslessthetimewillbeshorter it sreallyconvinent5 Inashort6 theprivatecarownerstaxingforthepollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Inashort theprivatecarownerstaxingforthepollutionisaeffectiveway AsauniversitystudentIsupporttheideawhichisbeneficialtobothourenvironmentandourselves 语言问题比较多 有的句子不通 反映出基本功不扎实 1 theprivatecarownersbetaxed2 lesscarscanbeused3 thecarownerscanlessentheheavytraffic4 Whenthecarslessthetimewillbeshorter it sreallyconvinent5 Inashort6 theprivatecarownerstaxingforthepollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 分数 8分专家评论 1 审题基本准确 结构比较清晰 2 内容上稍有偏题 第二点没有紧扣pollution 3 论述不够完整到位 4 语言一般 词汇句式平淡 规范尚可 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 9分作文 ShouldPrivateCarOwnersbeTaxedforPollution Recentlythegovernmentagenciesinsomebigcitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityofputtinga pollutiontax onprivatecars Thishascausedagreatstiramongthepublic Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducetheamountofpollutioninthecity butothersdon tthinkso AsfarasI mconcerned privatecarownersshouldbeproperlytaxedforpollution Thefollowingtworeasonsareusedtosupportmypointofview Ononehand aswellknowntous oursurroundingisseriouslypollutedespeciallybycarpollution Therefore pollutiontax onprivatecarcaneffectivelyremindusoftheseverelypollution Thenthenumberofcarsandpollutioninthecitycanbereducedinsomeway Ontheotherhand weknowthatwearefacingtheresourcecrisis However moreprivatecarswilluseupmoregasorotherresources Soifwetaxprivatecarownersforpollution wecandecreasetheuseofresourcesandthenprotecttheenvironmentfrompollutionindirectly Inconclusion Ithinkthatprivatecarownersshouldbeproperlytaxedforpollution Itisnotonlyforpunishmentbutalsoforwarning pollutiontax onprivatecarsisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcars reducepollutionandprotectresources Fromnowon asstudents weshouldtryourbesttocarryoutit suchasgoingsomewherefarawaybybus orotherpublictransportations 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Generalstatement Thesisstatement BackgroundControversialdebate YourattitudeMainideas 第一段的写作 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 该篇作文第一段写得还可以 前面的generalstatement交代了背景 政府有关机构正在研究向私家车征收污染费的可能性 这一举动引发了民众争议 有支持 有反对 接着 从 AsfarasIamconcerned 开始的thesisstatement阐述了作文作者的观点 私车主应该交污染费 但是要 properly 我们期待后面的讨论会指出如何 properly 第一部分 Recentlythegovernmentagenciesinsomebigcitieshavebeendoingresearchonthepossibilityofputtinga pollutiontax onprivatecars Thishasresultedinagreatstiramongthepublic Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducetheamountofpollutioninthecity butothersdon tthinkso AsfarasI mconcerned privatecarownersshouldbeproperlytaxedforpollution 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 第二部分的写作议论文第二部分的写作要注意 结构严谨 条理清楚 论证严密 论据妥当 写作的时候要尽量做到紧扣论点进行分析讨论 表述要有逻辑性 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 Thefollowingtworeasonsareusedtosupportmypointofview Ononehand aswellknowntous oursurroundingisseriouslypollutedespeciallybycarpollution Therefore pollutiontax onprivatecarcaneffectivelyremindusoftheseverelypollution Thenthenumberofcarsandpollutioninthecitycanbereducedinsomeway Ontheotherhand weknowthatwearefacingtheresourcecrisis However moreprivatecarswilluseupmoregasorotherresources Soifwetaxprivatecarownersforpollution wecandecreasetheuseofresourcesandthenprotecttheenvironmentfrompollutionindirectly 要讨论的观点应该在第一段的Thesisstatement里交代清楚 第二段主要是论证 但是作文作者继续讨论背景 论证不严密 结构松散不够紧凑 第一个论点模糊 论据交代不清楚 直接得出结论 Therefore pollutiontax onprivatecarcaneffectivelyremindusoftheseverelypollution Thenthenumberofcarsandpollutioninthecitycanbereducedinsomeway 第二个论点转到资源危机方面 认为征税可以减少资源利用 从而间接保护环境不被污染 论据说服力不够 对Thesisstatement提出的 properly 征税没有任何讨论和表述 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 结尾 Inconclusion Ithinkthatprivatecarownersshouldbeproperlytaxedforpollution Itisnotonlyforpunishmentbutalsoforwarning Pollutiontax onprivatecarsisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcars reducepollutionandprotectresources Fromnowon asstudents weshouldtryourbesttocarryoutit suchasgoingsomewherefarawaybybus orotherpublictransportations 结尾部分一开始没有围绕前面的讨论进行总结 而是又出现新的论点 Itisnotonlyforpunishmentbutalsoforwarning 后面点出了三点 Pollutiontax onprivatecarsisaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcars reducepollutionandprotectresources 最后一句是倡议 我们大学生要努力实行 多乘坐公交 这和讨论的主题不相干 完全是画蛇添足 最后一段写得比较勉强 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 注意结尾部分的写作议论文作文结尾部分的内容一般是前面部分的总结 加上建议或评论 这部分应与前面部分保持论点上的一致性和统一性 asummaryofthemainpointsorarestatementofthethesisindifferentwordsandyourfinalcomment suggestiononthesubject该生结尾前后缺乏连贯性 比较啰嗦 破坏了作文的完整性 阅卷老师看完结尾后开始打分 文章结尾的好坏会直接影响到阅卷老师的评分心理 要尽可能写好结尾 分数 9分专家评论 1 审题基本准确 2 内容基本切题 3 结构不够严谨 4 论据缺乏说服力 论述不够充分 5 语言一般 不够流畅 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 ShouldPrivateCarOwnersbeTaxedforPollution Asthedevelopmentofoursociety moreandmorepeoplebuyprivatecars Andrecentlygovernmentagenciesinsomecitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityofputtinga pollutiontax onprivatecars whichhasarousedquiteastiramongthepublic Inmyopinion theprivatecarownersshouldnotbetaxedforpollution andIhavethreereasonsformyopinion Firstly Ithinktheemissionlevelscan tdecidehowmuchpollutionthecarhadmadeandhowmuchmoneytheownershouldbetaxed Forexample acarwithasmallerenginemaybeproducelesspollution butiftheowneruseitmorefrequently ofcourseitwillproducemorepollution Sothetaxshouldn tdependontheemissionlevels Secondly thetaxforpollutionmaybemoreharmfultoourenvironment Asyouknow ifapersonpaysomemoneyforthepollution hewillthinkthereisnoresponsibilityforhiscarandthereisnoneedforhimtoprotecttheenvironment becausehehasalreadypaythemoneyfortheenvironment Thenhemaypaylittleattentiontotheenvironment andevenharmtheenvironment So pollutiontax maybenotbegoodfortheenvironment Thirdly protecttheenvironmentisthedutyofeveryofus notjustseveralprivatecarowners Ifthegovernmentjustforcesomeprivatecarownerstopaythe pollutiontax therestofuswillthinkthereisnodutyforustoprotecttheenvironment Thentherewillbemorepeopletodestroytheenvironment andlesspeopletoprotecttheenvironment Ofcourse theresultofthe pollutiontax willbeopposetotheoriginalpurposeofthegovernment Allinall pollutiontax isnotgoodtoourenvironment Andweshouldalsorememberthatthedutyofprotecttheenvironmentisnotjustthedutyofseveralprivatecarowners butthedutyofeveryoneofus 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 ShouldPrivateCarOwnersbeTaxedforPollution Asthedevelopmentofoursociety moreandmorepeoplebuyprivatecars Andrecentlygovernmentagenciesinsomecitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityofputtinga pollutiontax onprivatecars whichhasarousedquiteastiramongthepublic Inmyopinion theprivatecarownersshouldnotbetaxedforpollution andIhavethreereasonsformyopinion 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 Firstly Ithinktheemissionlevelscan tdecidehowmuchpollutionthecarhadmadeandhowmuchmoneytheownershouldbetaxed Forexample acarwithasmallerenginemaybeproducelesspollution butiftheowneruseitmorefrequently ofcourseitwillproducemorepollution Sothetaxshouldn tdependontheemissionlevels 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 Secondly thetaxforpollutionmaybemoreharmfultoourenvironment Asyouknow ifapersonpaysomemoneyforthepollution hewillthinkthereisnoresponsibilityforhiscarandthereisnoneedforhimtoprotecttheenvironment becausehehasalreadypaythemoneyfortheenvironment Thenhemaypaylittleattentiontotheenvironment andevenharmtheenvironment So pollutiontax maybenotbegoodfortheenvironment 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 Thirdly protecttheenvironmentisthedutyofeveryofus notjustseveralprivatecarowners Ifthegovernmentjustforcesomeprivatecarownerstopaythe pollutiontax therestofuswillthinkthereisnodutyforustoprotecttheenvironment Thentherewillbemorepeopletodestroytheenvironment andlesspeopletoprotecttheenvironment Ofcourse theresultofthe pollutiontax willbeopposetotheoriginalpurposeofthegovernment 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 作文评析 11 5分作文 Allinall pollutiontax isnotgoodtoourenvironment Andweshouldalsorememberthatthedutyofprotecttheenvironmentisnotjustthedutyofseveralprivatecarowners butthedutyofeveryoneofus 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 分数 11 5分专家评论 1 审题准确到位 2 内容切题充实 3 观点清晰独到 4 结构严谨合理 5 有一些语言错误 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 语言错误 Asthedevelopmentofoursociety WiththedevelopmentofthesocietyIhavethreereasonsformyopinion Ihavethreereasonstosupportmyopinion Maybe用法错误 acarwithasmallerenginemaybe may producelesspollution thetaxforpollutionmaybe maybe moreharmfultoourenvironment the pollutiontax maybenotbe maynotbe goodfortheenvironment语法错误 hehasalreadypaythemoney paidlesspeople fewpeoplewillbeopposeto willbeoppositeto willopposeto 英语专业四级考试在线课堂 14分高分作文欣赏 PrivateCarOwnersShouldbeTaxedforPollutionItisn tuntilrecentyearsthatthegovernmentelectedoutascrappywinoncuttingcarbondioxideemission inwhichcontrollingthenumberofcarsandadvocatingsmall sizevehiclehaveplayedanimportantrole Imposing pollutiontax onprivatecars withoutanydoubt willexertcertaineffectoncontrollingpollution butonlythroughamorerefinedandconsiderablescheme canthepolicythrivetoitsmaximumpowertorealizethegoals Thefirstandforemostthing