英语名词完整1ppt课件

.,LessonOne名词,.,考点1名词复数变化,1)规则变化一般情况加smath(s),physics,politics,news,James,theWhitesx,s,sh,ch后加es“辅音字母+y”结尾去y变i加es,“元音字母+y”结尾直接加s以o结尾的“黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆”加es,其他直接加snegroherotamatopotato,.,以下以f,fe结尾的词去f,fe变ves树叶半数自己黄，leafhalfself妻子刀切面包忙，wifeknifeloaf架后窜出一只狼，shelfwolf就像小偷逃命狂。thieflifescarfscarfs/scarves,.,2)不规则变化a-emanwomanpolicemanpolicewomanEnglishmanEnglishwomanFrenchmanFrenchwomanGermanGermansoo-eefoottoothgoose单复同形sheepfishdeerChineseJapanese其他形式childchildrenmousemice,.,注：1.名词作定语修饰名词时，做定语的名词一般使用单数。onebananatree-twobananatrees（例外，goodstrain；sportsmeeting）2.如果manwoman作名词的定语，变成复数时，需要把manwoman也变成复数。Onemandoctor-threemendoctors,.,考点2特殊形式的名词复数,只有复数形式的名词clothespantsshortsjeansglassesshoe,sock可以指单只鞋袜集合名词:familyclassteam(表示整体概念时作单数,表示整体中的个体概念时作复数)例一Myclass_(be)likeabigfamily.Allmyclass_(be)havingEnglishclass.,is,are,.,统称词(指代全部,作复数主语,其前加the)thepolicetheEnglishtheFrench一个名词具有多个复数含义单复同形(强调鱼的条数)fishfishes(强调鱼的种类)people(一般指“人们”)peoplethepeople(“人民”或特指)单复同形(“个人,2人”)peoples(“民族”),.,考点3可数名词与不可数名词,1)un.作主语谓语动词用单数Thereislotsofnewsintodaysnewspaper.2)既是可数又不可数的名词glasscn.玻璃杯(pl.es)un.玻璃papercn.报纸,论文un.纸roomcn.房间un.空间fishcn.鱼un.鱼肉chickencn.小鸡un.鸡肉onioncn.洋葱(整棵)un.洋葱(切碎),.,3)名词修饰语.&un.un.基数词,a/anthe,somelittleevery,bothenough(足够)alittlefew,afewmost,moremuchmany,lotsof=alotoftoomuchtoomanyall,.,考点4名词的量化,1)名词量化的基本结构:基数词+量词+of+名词(基数词大于1,量词变复数,名词为可数依情况变复数,名词为不可数则没有复数形式)例二Pleasegivemeaglassofwater.(变为复数句)Pleasegiveussomeglassesofwater.,.,2)单位量词成对单位量词pair万能单位量词piece(量化un.含义多样)apieceofmeat一块肉apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofmusic一首乐曲apieceofnews一条消息apieceofbread一片面包apieceofadvice一条建议其他单位量词meter,kilo,box,set,bag,basket,bottle,cup,glass,group,bowl,plate,.,3)量化名词作主语动词选择依据量词单复数例三Here_(be)myshoes.Here_(be)apairofmyshoes.Agroupofchildren_(be)playingsoccerontheplayground.4)对数量进行提问例四Ihaveoneapple.Howmanyapplesdoyouhave?,are,is,is,.,例五Sheboughtthreekilosofmutton._she_?Sheboughtthreekilosofpears._she_?例六Hehadtwobowlsofrice._didhehave?Hehadtwobowlsofrice._didhehave?,Howmuchmuttondidbuy,Howmanypearsdidbuy,Howmuchrice,Howmanybowlsofrice,.,考点5名词作定语,1)一般情况下名词单数作定语ashoestoresomeappletrees2)sports作定语用复数形式asportsclubsomesportsclothes3)man,woman作定语随其后名词的单复数进行变化amandoctorsomemendoctors注意girl和boy作定语的用法Therere30_(girl)_(students).,girlstudents,.,考点6名词所有格,1)s所有格的用法一般在有生命名词的后面加s,若名词以s结尾则只加LilysbookmyparentsphotoAsandBs+pl.各自拥有AandBs+sig.共同拥有例七Hereis_(TomandTim)room._(TomandTim)fathersarehere.,TomandTims,TomsandTims,.,s后若为shop,store,home,house,office,restarant等表示地点的名词,则这些名词经常进行省略。Myfatherisatthedoctors(office).Tomisatthebarbers(shop).例八JaneandIhadlunchat_.A.TurnerB.TurnersC.TurnersD.Turners时间,距离和地点前常用stodaysnewspaperBeijingsstreets,.,构成节日名词ChildrensDayTeachersDayWomensDayFathersDayMothersDaysomeoneelses其他人的,别人的2)of所有格构成:the+n.+of+n./代词宾格一般用于无生命的事物thegateofourschoolthenameofthedog,.,3)双重所有格构成:the+n.+of+s所有格/名物代名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirsof短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词,如a,an,基数词some,afew,many等。of所有格与双重所有格的区别afriendofmyuncle(该人与我叔叔是朋友关系)afriendofmyuncles(该人是我叔叔朋友中的一个,完全等同于oneofmyunclesfriends),.,aphotoofme(该张照片中的人是“我”)aphotoofmine(该张照片