高中定语从句-我喜欢ppt课件

,定语从句,一.定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,一.定语从句的基本定义,eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.,先行词,关系副词,.,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,.,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,themachine,amachine,that/which,.,TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.,her,Thelady,wesawyesterdayisGreen,Who/that,关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词,二.关系词的分类,关系代词,2.关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why,二.关系词的分类,三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1.关系代词的基本用法,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,who,whom,which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,which,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,that,whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。,Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.,Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.,whose,2.关系代词的用法注意点,(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.,(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.,先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.,whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.,(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld.that,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.that,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith.whomthat,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,(which/that),who/that,whose,which/that,who,that,whom,which,whose,Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.Kateisreadingabook_istoodifficultforher.,1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,.,Thefamily_Imstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent_articlewaspublished.Betty,_hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.,(which/that),whose,who,?that,which/that,whom,whom,?省略,.,根据从句中的动词搭配,Thisisthebook_whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,介词+whom/which如何判断介词,for,.,根据从句中的形容词搭配,Hetoldmesomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateachersdesk.,如何判断介词,with,根据先行词与介词搭配,.,介词+关系代词=关系副词,Mygrandpawasbornin1939_theWorldWarbrokeout.KunMingisabeautifulplace_flowersareseenalltheyearround.,如何判断介词,inwhich,when,inwhich,where,.,Thesong,_weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.Heisthehero_weareproud.Thisisthecollege_wellvisitafamousactor.Theearth_weliveisabigroundball.,inwhich,ofwhom,inwhich,onwhich,Exercise,.,Doyoulikethebook_shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?Doyouliketheteacher_shelearnedalot?Doyouliketheteacher_wearetalkinghasgoneabroad?Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhom,aboutwhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的使用,先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。,Ididntliketheway_shetalkedtome.Theway_heteachesEnglishisinteresting.,（that/inwhich）,（that/inwhich）,5.先行词为theway，关系词的使用,.,关系代词as引导,1.先行词与such,thesame连用或先行词本身就是thesame,such时，要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.,.,Theearthisround,_weallknow._isknowntoall,theearthisround._isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,as,As,It,定语从句在句首时只能用as，as具有正如之意，动词一般较固定,as的使用,/which,.,Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege_weallwanttohave.Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege_weallwanttohaveit.,as,that,as的使用,五.关系副词when,where和why的用法,五.关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.,Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,1.when,1.when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.,Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.,2.where,2.where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.,Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.,3.why,3.why,4.关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.,(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?,4.关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1)October1,1949wastheday_(_)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace_(_)Ilive.3)Isthisthereason_(_)hedidntwanttoseeme?,when,onwhich,where,inwhich,why,forwhich,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,4)Isthistheroom_(_)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_(_)weused“foreignoil”.6)Yesterday,wehadameeting_(_)wediscussedmanyproblems.,where,inwhich,when,duringwhich,atwhich,where,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1.Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.,where/inwhich,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.,when/onwhich,(that/which),Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.,(that/which),why/forwhich,3.Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.,.,Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,(that/which),where/inwhich,(which/that),why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,六.非限制性定语从句,1.非限制性定语从句的定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导,Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.,六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：,ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.,Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：,(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。,Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.,Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.,3.关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别,(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：,3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.,Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.,(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中,asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的,4.“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：,(1)名词+介词+关系代词：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.,4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构,(2)代词+介词+关系代词：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.,(3)数词+介词+关系代词：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.,(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.,.,巩固练习,.,1.Istillrememberthedays_Iworkedwiththefarmers.Istillrememberthedays_Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.Wewereontheway_itbegantorain.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which,C,A,A,B,inwhich/,.,3.Theteacherdidntknowthereason_shewasabsentyesterday.Theteachercouldntacceptthereason_sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.Isthisschool_youevervisited?Isthistheschool_youeverstudied?Isthistheschoolin_youeverstudied?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone,B,C,D,A,B,.,5.Thisis_hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.Thisisall_hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6._isreportedinthenewspapers,theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams._isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams._isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What,C,A,B,A,D,.,7.Itwassuchaneasyquestion_theycouldanswer.Itwassuchaneasyquestion_theycouldanswerit.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what8.Thatisthehouse,_windowshasntbeencleanedformonths.Thatisthehouse,_thewindowshasntbeencleanedformonths.Thatisthehouse,but_windowshasntbeencleanedformonths.A.itsB.itsC.whoseD.ofwhich,B,A,C,D,B,.,9.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,_wastrue.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,but_isnottrue.A.heB.itC.whichD.who10.Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,_died.Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,_dead.A.twoofwhoB.twoofwhomC.twoofthemD.twoofthey,C,B,B,C,.,11.Itwas1945_theWorldWarIIended.Itwasi