必修5Module 1(重庆育才中学徐峰).doc

Module 1 British and American English 1.Introduction Reading and speakingin common（with）共同的（地）1. have in common 有共同之处have nothing in common 没有共同之处have a lot in common有很多共同点have (a) little in common 几乎没有（有）共同之处In common with most teenagers, he likes playing basketball. 和大多数的少年一样，他喜欢打篮球。 【拓展】common a.平常的，普通的；共同的，公共的 out of the common 非同寻常 the common people 老百姓common knowledge/sense 常识【辨析】common a.平常的，普通的；共同的，公共的.(指为许多人或事物所共同具备因而常见。反义词是rare）ordinary a.通常的，普通的；平庸的，平淡的（强调与一般的事物或标准相同，无奇特之处,反义词是special）usual a.通常的，惯常的（强调常发生, 反义词是unusual）normal a.正常的，平常的；正规的，规范的（强调符合标准，反义词是abnormal)1) This flower is very common here.这花在这儿很常见。2) He is an ordinary worker. 他是个普通的工人。3) Lets meet at the usual place. 咱们老地方见。4) You can write to me at the school address or use my usual email address.你可以按学校的地址写信给我或用我常用的邮箱地址给我发邮件。5) Its normal to feel nervous before an exam. 考前紧张是很正常的事。【高考链接】Letterboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.（浙江06）A. commonB. normalC. ordinaryD. usual2. 【复习归纳】except除了之外（表示不包括在内，不用于句首）besides 除了还有（包括在内）except for 除了 1. 位于句首=except2. 用于挑毛病，而且前后提到的事物不同类（二者为所属关系）but=except in addition to=besidesapart from=except/except for/besides (万能短语)1) The restaurant is open every day except/apart from/but Monday. 这家饭店除星期一外, 每天都营业.2) Besides /In addition to/Apart from English, he has to study German.除了英语, 他还要学德语。3) The composition is well-written except for/ apart from a few spelling mistakes.除了几个拼写错误外，这篇作文写得不错。【高考链接】Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.（全国II0711）A. for B. except C. besides D. with2.Reading and speaking1. 【复习】the same as 与一样（反义be different from）the same as+定语从句 （表同一类）the same that+定语从句（表同一个）1) People from Shanghai sound the same as people from Xian. 上海人的口音听起来与西安人一样。2) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. 这辆自行车和我昨天丢失的那一辆一样。（不是同一辆）3) This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我昨天丢失 的那辆自行车。（同一辆）【高考链接】There at the door stood a girl about the same height _. （北京春季0422）A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me 2. obvious a.显然的，明显的（more ; most）obviously adv. 显然地（常用于句首）【常用句型】It is obvious（to sb）that 1) It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待.2) For obvious reasons the police cannot give any more details about the case. 3) Obviously, she needs help. 她显然需要帮助.3. prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿prefer A to B 与B相比，更喜欢Aprefer doing/to do sth宁愿做某事prefer doing A to doing B =prefer to do rather than do宁愿做A不愿做Bprefer sb (not) to do 宁愿某人（不）做某事prefer that sb (should) do would/should prefer to do=would rather do 宁愿做某事would prefer sb to do= would rather sb did 宁愿某人做1) I prefer walking to cycling. 我愿意步行, 不愿意骑自行车.2) Henry prefers travelling by train. 亨利宁愿乘火车旅行。3) She prefers to be alone. 她宁愿独自一人.4) They preferred to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈。5) I should prefer you not to stay there too long.=I prefer that you (should) not stay there too long.我倒希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。4. get around/about 四处走动；旅行；避开；逃避；(消息、谣言等)传开1) I dont want to stay at home. Id like to get around.我不想待在家里，我想要旅游。2) Dont try to get around the question by changing the subject.不要企图通过改变话题来回避问题。3) The news of her resignation soon got about. 她辞职的消息不久就传开了.【拓展】get的相关短语get aroundget about (到)各处走动；(到)各处旅行get aroundspread vi.(消息、谣言等)传开get across理解，明白，把传达，表达出来get along(with)进展(行)；相处get away(from)逃掉get down to（doing）sth开始认真(做某事)get rid of去掉，处理get back回来；收回get off下来，下车；起飞；脱掉，除去get through做完，通过；接通（电话）get close to接近5. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it s a torch.手电筒在美国人们说flashlight而英国人则用torch。【解析】本句是由while引导的一个并列句，表示前后两部分的对比。此处while意为而，然而，表示对比或转折。此时while一般位于句中。1) Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。2) Wu Song was tall and strong while his brother was short and weak. 武松长得高大威猛而他的哥哥却很矮小瘦弱。【拓展】while还有引导状语从句，有以下四种用法： 引导时间状语从句，意为当的时候，此时主句谓语是短暂动词而从句的谓语通常是延续性动词。3) He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他做着做着功课就睡着了.引导时间状语从句, 意为与.同时，主句和从句都为延续性动作。4) While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时孩子都在外面玩儿.表示让步，通常位于句首，意为尽管；虽然，相当于although或though。5) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。引导条件状语从句，意为只要其意思和用法相当于as long as，while可位于句首，也可位于句中。6) You dont have to worry while we are here.只要有我们在，你就别着急。7) While there is life, there is hope.留得青山在不怕没柴烧【高考链接】（四川0729）Id like to study law at university _ my cousin prefers geography. A. though B. as C. while D. For（山东0729）_ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. A. As B. Since C. If D. While （易错题）Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.A. that B. where C. which D. while6. confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confuse vt.使迷惑；使难于理解confused adj.感到迷惑的，感到难懂的confusion n困惑，混乱；混淆【短语拓展】confuse A with/and B 把A和B相混淆be confused by/at sth.被搞糊涂了get/become confused困惑，不知所措in confusion困惑地；困窘地1) What he said was confusing，so I was confused at his words.他说的话很难懂，所以我对他说的话感到迷惑不解。2) Dont confuse Austria and/with Australia. 不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚弄混淆了.7. compare vt. 比较；对照；比喻；匹敌comparison n.比较，对照；比拟，比喻comparative a.比较的，相对的【短语拓展】compare A with/and B把A和B比较一下compare A to B把A比作Bcompare notes交换看法；对笔记compared to/with较之(作状语)beyond compare无与伦比，举世无双in comparison with与相比by comparison比较起来，较之(多用于句首)1) Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 将这个与那个比较一下,你就会知道哪个比较好了。 2) This view is beyond compare. 这景色无与伦比。 3) A teachers work is often compared to a candle.教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。4) The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。5) The amount of rainfall is down compared with last year. 同去年相比，降雨量减少了。 【注意】命题方向：compare与with和to所构成的句型及其现在分词和过去分词形式作状语的用法。【高考链接】（湖北0428）_with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared （重庆0925）Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace, _ withhisoldone. A. comparingB. compares C. tocompareD. compared (浙江0605)When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared8. Many factors has influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.自从四百年前第一批移民到达美洲开始，有许多的因素影响了美式发音。【总结归纳】连词since的用法1. 既然（引导原因状语从句）Since everybody is here, lets start the meeting.既然大家到齐了，我们开始开会吧。2. 自从以来（引导时间状语从句），用法如下：sb has done +since sb + 短暂动词过去式延续动词完成式1) Ive been feeling down since I lost my job. 自从失去工作后,我的情绪一直处于低潮。 ： 2) She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自从我住到城里，她就一直不来看我。 【注意】1) since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为一般过去时时，表示该动作结束后的情况。如： I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。 2) since前有ever，或从句谓语动词是be且后接表示人成长过程中的某个阶段或年龄的名词、形容词时，仍然按字面意思理解。如： I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我从还是个孩子时就一直住在这儿。 3. 常用句型It is/has been +时间段+since +sb did sthIt was +时间段+since + sb had done1) It has been ten years since he became a teacher.他当老师十年了。2) It has been ten years since he was a teacher. 他不当老师已经十年了。3) It was two years since they had left. 他们离开两年了。9. be similar to 与相似1) Your views on education are similar to mine.你的教育观点与我的相似。2) Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.保罗和他哥哥长得很像。【拓展】be similar in在方面相似similarity n类似，相似similarly adv.相同地，同样地1) The children were similarly dressed. 2) I can see the similarity between you and your mother.10. have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难We had no difficulty (in) finding the house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了那所房子. 【联想】spend time/money (in) doingwaste time/money (in) doingIts a waste of time doing be busy (in) doinghave a good/hard/ time doingVocabulary and Listening11. on the air 在广播(书本第5页)in the air在流传中; 流行的；未确定的; 在空中（书本第6页）1) This channel comes on the air every morning at 7 am. 这个频道每天早晨7点钟开始播放2) The date of the dinner party is still in the air. 宴会的日期尚未确定。Speaking and Writing12. add vt.添(增)加；把加起来 vi.(to)增添additive n添加剂 adj. 附加的; 增加的;addition n.加，加法；【短语拓展】add.to.在中加上add to增加，加强添加（常接抽象名词，如trouble, difficulty, knowledge, pleasure, surprise等）add up加起来add up to总计，总共有add in 包括in addition另外in addition to除之外1) She added some sugar to her coffee.2) Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词.3) If there is going to be a volleyball team, please dont forget to add me in. 要是成立排球队,请别忘了算我在内。 4) Add up the figures in this column. 把这一栏的数字合计一下。 5) The bills add up to exactly $100. 这些帐单加起来正好一百元。 6) The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难. 【高考链接】（北京0628）There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added（2009广东深圳模拟)Has Mary come back yet?Yes. She has got many books from her elder schoolmates, which _ 1,000.A. add up B. add up toC. add to D. add13. in favour of赞同，支持【短语拓展】do sb a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙ask a favour of sb.要求帮忙in favour赞同的；得宠的；流行的out of favour失宠的1) Most of the students are in favour of the new rules.绝大多数学生都支持这些新的规章制度。2) Could you 你能帮我个忙吗？everyday English14. make a fuss of = pay particular and often excessive attention to sb/sth 对过于注意:1) Dont make so much fuss over the children. 不要对孩子照顾得太过分. 2) A lot of fuss was made of the play, but it wasnt a success. 对那出戏不厌其烦地精心计划, 到头来却并不成功.15. wear off 渐渐减少，逐渐消失1) The excitement of moving to a new town will soon wear off.新搬到一个市镇去的高兴劲儿不久就会消失。 2) The pain is wearing off. 疼痛渐渐消失了。culture corner16. attempt n企图；试图；尝试vt.试图；企图attempted adj.未遂的，意图的 murder【短语拓展】attempt sth.尝试某事attempt to do=attempt doing sth (少用).make an attempt to do sth.尝试(试图)做某事make an attempt at doing sth.at ones first attempt第一次尝试1) The prisoners attempted an escape/to escape, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑, 但是失败了.【辨析】try 和attempttry普通用词，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；try to do表示努力做某事，try doing表示尝试着做。attempt常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。后接不定式与动名词时意义相同。17. thanks to 幸亏；由于【拓展】：表示“因为”的短语有：because ofn.常用状语。due ton.常作表语或状语（一般不用于句首）owing ton.常作表语或状语。thanks ton.常作状语，表达说话者的感情色彩。on account ofn.常作状语。Thanks to the success of his first album, he is now a wealthy man.由于他第一张专辑的成功，他现在是一个富有的人。The accident was due to careless driving. 事故是由于驾驶不小心造成的。The flight has been delayed owing to fog.由于大雾这个航班延误了。附课后单词表及例句，供单词教学参考使用。1. havein common有共同的利益 特点等Jane and I have nothing in common. 简和我毫无共同之处. 2. linguist n.语言学家；精通数种外国语言者Shes an excellent linguist. 她精通数国语言.3. make a difference 有影响，使不相同1) The rain didnt make much difference (to the game). 这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响.2) It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好, 明天去也好, 关系不大. 4. accent n.口音,腔调；重音(符号) Hes got a strong French/Scottish accent.他说话带很重的法国口音。5. obviousa.显然的，明显的It was obvious that Gina was lying. Gina明显在说谎。6. motorwayn.高速公路Because of the bad weather, motorway (driving) conditions are expected to be dangerous tonight.因为天气恶劣，估计高速路上驾车会很危险。7. underground n. 地下, (英）地铁, 地道, 秘密活动I used to go to work by underground when I was in London. 我在伦敦时,通常乘地铁上班。8. subwayn.(美）地铁, 地下通道A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 The subway in New York can be a bit confusing for first-time visitors 对于第一次去纽约的人来说，那里的地铁有点儿让人摸不着头脑。9. get around四处走动（旅行）One of the most convenient ways to get around a city is by taxi.到城市走走最便捷的方法之一是乘坐出租车。 10. flashlightn.手电筒；火把；闪光灯The inspector was shining a flashlight onto the tickets. 查票员打着手电筒查看车票。 11. queuen. (英）排队（等候）People had to stand in a queue for hours to buy a ticket. 人们买票得排几小时的队.12. confusinga. 令人困惑的1) Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. 有时同样的单词词义有细微的差别，这会把人弄糊涂。 2) The subway in New York can be a bit confusing for first-time visitors 对于第一次去纽约的人来说，那里的地铁有点儿让人摸不着头脑。 13. prepositionn.介词1) Out is also used as a preposition. out也被用作介词。 2) You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.你应该删去句子中的这个介词。 14. comparevt./n. 比较【拓展】比得上with/to把和比较to比喻；把和比较1) Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 将这个与那个比较一下,你就会知道哪个比较好了。 2) This view is beyond compare. 这景色无与伦比。 3) A teachers work is often compared to a candle.教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。4) The amount of rainfall is down compared with last year. 同去年相比，降雨量减少了。 15. omit vt.省略，删节；遗漏，疏忽1) Don t omit a single detail.一点细节也不要漏掉。2) The typist omitted the last line of the letter. 打字员遗漏了信的最后一行字。 3) This part of the book may be omitted. 书的这一部分可以省略。16. differvi.不同，相异；(在意见方面)发生分歧differ from与不同differ in 在方面不同1) The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.在两种英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。(课文原文)2) People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.人们在处理压力方面能力各不相同。17. settlern. 移民；定居者1) They were the earliest settlers in America. 他们是最早去美国的移民。 2) One of his forefathers was an early settler in America.他的祖先之一是美洲的早期移民。 18. be similar to语相似1) My view is similar to yours. 我的看法与你相似。 2) The two cars are very similar in size and design.这两辆车从大小和设计上都很相似。19. remarkn. 评论;vt.谈到，评论，注意vi. 评论 （ on/upon）1) He had a habit of making humorous remarks. 他有说幽默话的习惯。 2) I remarked the tense atmosphere as soon as I entered the room. 我一走进房间,就觉察到了紧张的气氛。 3) Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries. 史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。 20. variationn.变化, 变动After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. 毕竟，在这两个国家境内的口音差别可能和两个国家之间的口音差别一样多。21. have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难We had no difficulty (in) finding the house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了那所房子. 【联想】spend time/money (in) doingwaste time/money (in) doingIts a waste of time doing be busy (in) doinghave a good/hard/ time doing22. steadilyad.不断地; 连续地；坚定地； Unemployment has risen steadily. 失业者不断增加。23. satelliten.卫星，人造卫星The satellite was launched into orbit around the moon. 卫星被发射到环绕月球的轨道。 24. flickvt./ n.轻弹(打,拍)；(快轻地)移动1) With a flick of its tail, the cat was gone.一甩尾巴，猫不见了2) A flick of a switch turns the machine on.轻轻一按开关就把机器开动了。25. switchn.开关v.改变, 交换1) You pressed the wrong switch. 你按错了开关。2) He switched the light on. 他打开电灯。3) They switched the train to the other track. 他们把列车转到另一轨道上。 4) They switched the talk to a more interesting subject. 他们把谈话转到比较有趣的题目上去了。 26. lead to 导致；导向 (=bring about/result in/cause) 1) Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽烟可能导致肺癌。 2) All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。3) Her poor French often leads to misunderstandings when she visits France. 她的法语很差劲，因而她访问法国时常引起误会。 27. structuren.结构，构造；建筑物;体系1) We know a lot about the structure of genes now. 如今我们对基因的结构有了较多的了解。 2) We visited the museum, a steel and glass structure. 我们参观了博物馆,它是一座钢和玻璃的建筑物。 28. announcementn.通告；宣布；言谈make an announcement通知1) An announcement will be made next week. 下周将有一个通告发布。2) We waited for the announcement of the result of the competition quietly.我们静静地等待宣布竞赛结果。29. linguisticsn.语言学1) Linguistics can be defined as the science of language. 语言学是研究语言的科学。2) He dived into studies in linguistics.他潜心于语言学的研究。30. editionn.版，版本1) This edition of the dictionary is sold out. 这个版本的字典已售完了。2) The last edition of this newspaper goes to press at 6 p.m. 该报的最后一版下午六点钟付。31. cute a. 逗人喜欢的Isnt she a cute baby? 她是多麽逗人喜爱的婴儿啊! 32. add v.加, 增加, 补充addto把加入add to 添加（感觉等抽象的词）add up (to) 加起来（等于）add in 包括1) Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词.2) If there is going to be a volleyball team, please dont forget to add me in. 要是成立排球队,请别忘了算我在内。 3) Add up the figures in this column. 把这一栏的数字合计一下。 4) The bills add up to exactly $100. 这些帐单加起来正好一百元。 5) Add up 3, 4 and 5 and youll get 12. 把三、四、五相加,总数是十二。33. in favour of同意；支持1) On the whole, Im in favour of the proposal. 总的说来，我赞成这个提议。2) It strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. 我留意到谁也不喜欢这些改革。34. presentvt.提出，陈述（观点） ；赠(送) a.出席的；现在的 n.现在；礼物 1) He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting.在会上他把这份报告2) What is your present j