三一七级口语考试话题示例

Traditional Chinese medicine The ABC of Chinese Medicine TheoryTraditional Chinese medicine is a range of traditional medical practices used in China that developed over several thousand years. These practices include herbal medicine, acupuncture, and massage. TCM says processes of the human body are interrelated and constantly interact with the environment. Therefore the theory looks for the signs of disharmony in the external and internal environment of a person in order to understand, treat and prevent illness and disease. TCM theory is based on a number of philosophical frameworks .Diagnosis and treatment are conducted with reference to these concepts. The basic theory of the Chinese medicine attempts to explain the nature of life cycle and disease changes. It includes five theories: Yin and Yang. the five-elements. how to direct ones strength. internal organs of the body. and channels. It also researches dialectics. explanations why diseases occur. how to diagnose and prevent diseases. as well as how to keep the body healthy. The concept of Yin and Yang derived from an ancient philosophical concept. After observing the phenomenon. ancient people grouped all conflicting ideas into Yin and Yang. They used this concept to explain how things changed. Chinese medicine used Yin and Yang to illustrate the complicated relationship between various things such as the different parts of the human body and living things vs. nature or society. It was believed that the relative balance of Yin and Yang served as the basis to maintain the normal activities of the human body. If such a balance was disturbed. diseases occurred. thus affecting peoples health. The theory of directing ones strength focused on how various components such as astronomy. meteorological phenomena and climate would affect health. This theory consisted of two parts. five strengths and six climatic factors. The five strengths. namely the strengths of metal. wood. water. fire and earth. refer to the different seasons of the year such as spring. summer. long summer. autumn and winter. People regarded wind. coldness. summer. rawness. dryness and fire as the six elements of the climate. This theory tried to predict climatic change and how disease occurred by parameters in astronomy.China was one of first countries to have a medical culture. In comparison with Western medicine. the Chinese method takes a far different approach. With a history of 5.000 years. it has formed a deep and immense knowledge of medical science. theory. diagnostic methods. prescriptions and cures. The basic principles of Chinese medicine are rather distinctive:When treating a disease. doctors of traditional Chinese medicine usually find the patients condition through these four diagnostic methods: observation. auscultation and olfaction. interrogation. pulse. and palpation. Combining the collected facts and according to their internal relations. doctors will utilize the dialectics to analyze the source and virtue of the disease. Then make sure what prescription should be given. In traditional Chinese medical science. the drugs are also different from the West. because doctors have discovered the medicinal effects of thousand of herbs over a long period of time. Before taking the medicine. the patient will have to boil it. Then there is the distinctive method of preparation. associated with the acupuncture and massage. the treatment will take effect magically.Relative Properties - Yin and YangThe Physiology of Chinese medicine holds that the human bodys life is the result of the balance of yin and yang. Yin is the inner and negative principles. and yang. outer and positive. The key reason why there is sickness is because the two aspects lose their harmony. Seen from the recovery mechanism meknizmof organs. yang functions to protect from outer harm. and yin is the inner base to store and provide energy for its counterpart.Basic SubstanceDoctors of Chinese medicine believe that vital energy - moving and energetic particles. state of blood. and body fluid are the essential substances that compose together to form the human body. and the basis for internal organs to process. They are channeled along a network within the body - Jing Luo as their channels. On the physical side. vital energy serving to promote and warm belongs to the properties of yang. and blood and body fluid to moisten possesses the properties of yin.Four Methods of DiagnosisIt is a wonder that Chinese doctors could cure countless patients without any assistant apparatus but only a physical examination. The four methods of diagnosis consist of observation. auscultation and olfaction. interrogation. pulse taking and palpation.Observation indicates that doctors directly watch the outward appearance to know a patients condition. As the exterior and interior corresponds immediately. when the inner organs run wrongly. it will be reflected through skin pallor. tongue. the facial sensory organs and some excrement.Auscultation and olfaction is a way for doctors to collect messages through hearing the sound and smelling the odor. This is another reference for diagnosis.Interrogation suggests that doctors question the patient and his relatives. so as to know the symptoms. evolution of the disease and previous treatments.The taking of the Pulse and palpation refer that doctors noting the pulse condition of patients on the radial artery. and then to know the inner change of symptom. Doctors believe that when the organic function is normal. the pulse. frequency. and intension of pulse will be relatively stable. and when not. variant.Such a complicated medical science had come down thanks to records like The Yellow Emperors Canon of Interior Medicine. Shen Nongs Canon of Herbs. and the Compendium of Materia Medica. which are all comprehensive and profound works. There are also wide-spread stories praising the experienced and notable doctors in ancient China like Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms Periods (220 - 280). Today. though western medicine has been adopted. traditional treatments are still playing an important role and have raised great attention and interest worldwide due to the amazing curative effects reported. The Wu Xing ( or the Five Movements, Five Phases or Five Steps/Stages, are chiefly an ancient mnemonic device, in many traditional Chinese fields.It is sometimes translated as Five Elements, but the Wu Xing are chiefly an ancient mnemonic device, hence the preferred translation of movements, phases or steps over elements. By the same token, Mu is thought of as Tree rather than Wood.1The five elements are: Wood (Chinese: 木, pinyin: m) Fire (Chinese: 火, pinyin: hu) Earth (Chinese: 土, pinyin: t) Metal (Chinese: 金, pinyin: jn) Water (Chinese: 水, pinyin: shu) The system of five phases was used for describing interactions and relationships between phenomena. It was employed as a device in many fields of early Chinese thought, including seemingly disparate fields such as geomancy or Feng shui, astrology, traditional Chinese medicine, music, military strategy and martial arts.The system is still used as a reference in some forms of complementary and alternative medicine and martial arts. Some claim the original foundation of these are the concept of the Five Cardinal PointsCyclesThe Interactions of Wu Xing: The creation cycle (black, pentagon shaped lines) and the overcoming cycle (purple, star shaped lines).The doctrine of five phases describes two cycles, a generating or creation (生, shng) cycle, also known as mother-son, and an overcoming or destruction (克/剋, k) cycle, also known as grandfather-nephew, of interactions between the phases.edit GeneratingThe common memory jogs, which help to remind in what order the phases are, are: Wood feeds Fire; Fire creates/produces Earth (ash); Earth bears Metal; Metal carries Water (as in a bucket or tap, or water condenses on metal); Water nourishes Wood. Other common words for this cycle include begets, engenders and mothers.edit Overcoming Wood parts Earth (such as roots) （or Trees can prevent soil erosion ）; Earth absorbs (or muddies) Water (or Earth dam control the water); Water quenches Fire; Fire melts Metal; Metal chops Wood. Also: Wood absorbs Water; Water rusts Metal; Metal breaks up Earth; Earth smothers Fire; Fire burns Wood. This cycle might also be called controls, restrains or fathers.Education1、Where did you go to college? I went to Beijing Institute of Education.2、Did your family have any influence on your choice of college?My parents just gave me several suggestions, actually I made the decision myself. They were very glad to see that I was confident enough to make my own decisions and agreed with what I decided.3、What was your major? I majored in Education of English (I specialized in)4、What made you to choose English as your major? Did you feel you made the right choice?I always knew that English was where I had the most potential, you know it is not so easy to know when a person is just 18, but I am lucky. I am very glad to set up my goals at a quite young age. It turned out to be a right choice.5、Name three practical skills you learned in school that could be used for the current job.Typing, photo copying and word editing. These three skills are very useful in my work as an English teacher. Nearly every day I have to type and copy a lot of materials for the students. To do all these by myself is really very helpful for my job.Yes, I did at that time. I leaned a lot in college and I have always been aware of the importance and value of education. To my consolation, I started out in one particular area and switched to another later on. It has enhanced my capability to be creative and initiative for I have learned different approaches to performing the work in a successful way.6、How did you do in school?My scores were average, but I spent a lot of time doing things in other areas, such as part-time job and extracurricular activities like swimming and calligraphy. I always did my work wholeheartedly. As with most other people, if I could start from the very beginning, I am sure my scores would be much higher.7、Did your parents finance your education wholly?NO.my father is a peasant who couldnt afford the my tuition.I almost lost the chance to enter the university.fortunately,My older brother helped me.My older brother pay for all the tuition.so I gratitude my brother very much.8、What was your favorite subject when you were in college?My goal is very simplified, that is, to keep learning every possible thing and improve myself. Society develops so rapidly and we cannot depend on what we learned 4 years, even one year ago. I will always keep my eyes and ears open to the right people about what are going on and pick up learning every day.9、As far as studying abroad is concerned, there are advantages and disadvantages as well. Explain your opinion about itSchool management. I benefit a lot from the course. It not only opened my eyes but also cultivated my potentials to be a successful principal.Useful words and expressionsInstitution of higher education 高等学校Comprehensive university综合性大学University of liberal arts文科大学university of science and engineering 理工科大学Normal university;师范大学Nine-year compulsory education 九年制义务教育Preschool education学前教育occupational and technical education职业技术教育Quality education 素质教育Examination-oriented education 应试教育Education in patriotism 爱国主义教育Elementary education 初等教育Secondary education 中等教育Self-taught examination 自学考试National matriculation test 高考College entrance examination 大学入学考试Academic record; school record 学习成绩To go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学结尾句型To sum up, education plays a leading role in the development of the society.I will conclude by saying that once youve got a chance, do not hesitate, just go ahead.On the whole, the traditional education needs reforming.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that more and more effective measures will be taken to develop education.Last but not the least, just as the old saying goes, one will get something new in looking over ones old studies （温故而知新） In a word, it is talents(人才) that make contributions to the development of economy.We should try our best to stop brain drain（人才外流）用于表达建议的结构In my view, common people sometimes can be more competent to keep our city clean and beautiful.As far as Im concerned, I think riding a bicycle is good for your health.Well, according to me, the most important thing is not salary but self-recognition.It seems to me that working hard is essential to success.Wed better solve the problem, otherwise it will bring about a lot of trouble.I think it would be a great idea to work for a big company like Microsoft.1.Changes in the educational system(教育制度的变化)Recently there have been great changes in Chinas education and school systems .The key school system is abandoned at junior high schools level.Yong elementary graduates go directly to the junior highs in their neighborhoods.In the past all Chinese schools were owned by the state.But now we have private schools:from private kindergartens to private colleges.There private schools offer more choices to people.They usually have better teaching facilities than pubic schools. IN pre-school,primary and secondary education they tend to offer better teaching quality because they offer better salary to their teachers.The situation of private colleges is not satisfactory.The first reason is that its far more expensive to run a college than a school.Qualified college teachers are in short supply even in state owned universities.With the notion of life-long education”,adult education and continuing education are booming .Returning to learning help working people improve their skills and confidence,get more responsibility or to kick start a new career.Many universities and colleges offer degree courses.Students who are not regular students at universities can study these courses to get a college degree.There are even more non-degree courses offered both by universities,colleges and by many other private educational institutions.There are also a lot of people who are taking course simply for enjoyment.Elderly people are taking classes in calligraphy,painting or dancing ,younger people in sports.Education in China is diversified and becomes relevant to every citizen.2.What I have learnt in school?I guess the thing I learned the most was how to get along with others-how to respect other peoples opinions and property.I went away to college when I was eighteen.I lived in a dorm with 8 other boys.At home I always had my own room.Hhis was the first time I had to live with other people in the same room.It was not easy at first.We were all really different.Our personalities and lifestyle were completely opposite in some ways.I am a slob but one of my roommates is a neat freak.I leave things around,sometimes on her desk and bed.But she spent hours on the telephone.I am a night owl but he is a morning person.Anyway at first it really caused problems,but luckly we learned how to get along living in one room.I think the important thing is to be tolerant and ready to communicate.Somehow we figured out that if something is bothering us.the best thing to do is to tell the person concerned what it is,in a polite way,of course.Its easy to stop speaking to each other when something goes wrong,but the problem will not get resolved that eay. Another thing I learnt was managing my time.It was really a challenge.In high school Ihad the same schedule every day,and at night my parents were there pushing me to study.But its different when you go to college.There are no classes in the afternoon and in the evening .There are no parents to urge you to study.In the first semester,I stayed up late playing computer games.I often wnet to class unprepared and I could hardly keep my eyes open in class.My grades were really suffering .I flunked a subject.It was then I realized that college life was not only about studying.3.How can we make education better?What changes would you like to see in education?教育改革 There are many changes I would like to see in education.For instance,schooling should be free until students get their first degee.Currently a college student has to pay between 5,000 and 9,000 per school year while a person in the city earned average 5,000 yuan a year and in rural areas the figure was 2000 yuan.Obviously tuition is quite a pressure for many families.As a matter of fact,it has kept many students from the poverty-stricken areas from attending college and put many more students under constant mental pressure.Another change I would like to see is that students should be allowed to choose all their courses because I believe students learn best when they study things that interest them.And I believe that more emphasis should be placed on helping students get job experience because the whole point of education is to prepare students for a future job.Students should not be forced to take such courses as ethics,political science and history,which have no practical value.Teachers salaries should be based on how popular the teachers are with students .This way,teachers would work hard to make their classes interesting .Currently many teachers at college simply dont care whether their students like their classes or not Many of them spend most of their time and energy on writing academic papers or teaching additional classes to supplement their income. National customsquestion for Festivals 1.What are the traditional Chinese festivals ? 2.When is .?3.How do people do to celebrate ?4.Are there