byoneself,tooneself,ofoneself.doc

这五个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构，但意义各不相同：.by oneself“单独地；独立地”（=without help, alone）.如：Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you? 是你自己做的，还是别人帮你做的？. “本身；本身的性质”如： Diamond is hard in itself. 钻石本来是硬的。.for oneself “为自己（的利益而做某事）；独自地（与by oneself 同义）”。如： He has built a house for himself. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。 You must find it out for yourself. 你必须自己把它找出来。.of oneself “自然而然地；自动地”为不及物动词。如： The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄灭了。.to oneself“默默地”“暗自”，常与talk , say, think等动词连用。如； He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想这其中有毛病。注：say to oneself “在心里想”，talk/ speak to oneself“自言自语”两者不可混淆。by oneself，for oneself，in oneself，of oneself辨析by oneself，for oneself，in oneself，of oneself这四个词组的意义有所不同。 By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”（ alone or independently）。例：His father lives by himself in the village他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。For oneself的意义为“为自己”（for himself or for herself）。例：One should not live only for oneself人不应单为自己而活。In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例：This wood is hard in itself这种木头本要就是硬的。Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of ones own accord）。例：Every day I awake of myself at half past five每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。The door opened of itself门是自己开的。The fire went out of itself火自己熄灭了。与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组，即beside oneself和 to oneself，前者义：“失常”、“发狂”；后者是“独自占有或享用”。例：He was beside himself with joy他欣喜若狂。When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。Oneself和 ones self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词，意指自己；ones self则是代词加名词，意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self；yourself和your self ；himself和his self；ourselves 和our selves ；themselves和their selves一样。例：She made a cup of tea for herself她为自己烧了一杯茶。She looked just like her old self她看上去和从前依然一模一样。请注意，myself可以在句中表示me的涵义，这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例：They invited my father and myself（=me）to