西餐礼仪.txt.doc

西餐桌上的礼仪是人们长期形成的。有一些老规矩，例如，胳膊肘在用餐时自始至终不能搁在餐桌上等等，已不再被大家恪守了；但是，有许多“清规戒律”还是被人们所遵行。我们可以列举一些不能违反的禁忌：普通西餐的进莱次序，通常是面包、汤、各类菜式、布丁、咖啡或红茶。照正式规矩，入席的时候，客人应该由椅的左方就位，离席的时候亦应由椅的左方退出入座后，应该待主人先摊开餐巾以后，才可以把放在桌上的餐巾铺置在自己的膝上。收起的时候也是一样，都要以主人为先，否则便失礼。铺餐巾，在正式场合是将餐巾叠作两层，放置在大腿上，不能完全摊开，更不能塞入腰衣服里、但一般的常餐便不须这么拘谨了，想要全摊开的话也是无妨的。有时中途因事要暂时离席，切勿将餐巾搁在桌上，因为这是意味你不再吃，侍者便不会再为你上莱了，所以，在离开时须将餐巾放在椅子上才对。用餐完毕，餐巾大致叠好，也可以不叠好，放在餐桌上，而要乱扔。如果发现水杯或莱肴中有脏物，不要大声嚷嚷，引起同桌的人们注意，而应当悄悄告诉服务员，让他拿走重拿一份来。换菜盘和餐具也是这样。喝饮料时，先用餐巾擦一下嘴唇，然后再喝杯中的饮料，为的是避兔菜屑弄到脸上或丢进玻璃杯里。如有纸餐巾最好不用餐巾擦嘴，不要把用过的盘子推到一旁，或者把盘子摞起来。最好不要移动任何盘子的位置。在桌布上落下面包屑，可以不必理会。如果是不慎落下一点儿饭菜可以在服务员撤走盘子时，用餐巾小心地把它拾到盘子中。 Western table manners is the form for a long time. There are some old rules, for example, elbow at the dinner table, from first to last not resting on, no longer be abide by; however, there are many the sacred rules of the religious order or people walking. We can cite some cannot violate a taboo: ordinary food intake, order, usually bread, soup, all kinds of dishes, pudding, coffee or tea. According to formal rules, time, guests should be left in place by the chair, to leave the table should also be chair left exit seated, should be the owner on napkins, can be put on the table napkin laying on his knee. Take time as well, to master first, otherwise it is impolite. Shop napkin, on formal occasions is her napkin two layer, placed on the thigh, not fully open, but not into the waist clothes, but generally will not be so formal meal, to spread it is just as well. Sometimes the midway for things to temporarily leave the napkin, do not put on the table, because it means that you are not eating, the waiter will not be for you on Lai, therefore, left, must put the napkin on the chair. The dinner table, napkin are folded, also can be folded, is placed on the table, and to throw. If it is found that the cups or dishes in the dirt, dont shout, caused the attention with, but should tell the waiter, let him take retake a to. Change the dish and the tableware is such. When beverage is drunk, first with a napkin to wipe the lip, then drink the beverage in the cup, as is the obstacle of rabbit food debris down my face or thrown into the glass. If there is not the best paper napkin to wipe the mouth, dont put the used dishes pushed aside, or to stack the dishes. Better not move any of the dish. In the following table dropped crumbs, can ignore the. If it is accidentally drop a little food in the plate with a napkin when the waiter removed, carefully picked it onto the plate. 品味西餐文化，建议大家有时间到崇文门马克西姆餐厅看一看，那里按照19 世纪末特有的法国浪漫派风格布置的西餐厅，装璜华丽典雅，乐池内小乐队演奏着古典的名曲，服务员是身着燕尾服的小伙子。这是马可西姆餐厅的传统，它让顾客先饱眼福（餐厅布置），再饱耳福（柔和音乐），后饱口福（美味的法国大菜）。研究西餐的学者们，经过长期的探讨和归纳认为吃西餐最讲究6 个“M”。 The taste of western culture, suggest that you have time to look at a Chongwenmen restaurant in Maksim, where in accordance with the late nineteenth Century unique romantic French style restaurant, decorated elegant, small orchestra band playing classical music, the waiter is dressed in a tuxedo. This is mark SIM restaurant tradition, which allow customers to enjoy ( restaurant ), and rocks ( soft music ), after a Sinseong-hoe ( delicious dishes of France ). Study of western scholars, after a long discussion and summary that eat the most exquisite 6 M. 第一个是“Menu”（菜单） The first is the Menu ( menu ) 当您走进西餐馆，服务员先领您入座，待您坐稳，首先送上来的便是菜单。菜单被视为餐馆的门面，老板也一向重视，用最好的面料做菜单的封面，有的甚至用软羊皮打上各种美丽的花纹。在这里用菜单称之似有不妥，应称之为“菜谱”。 When you walk into the restaurant, the waiter to bring you to your seat, sit up, first of all is the menu. The menu is regarded as a restaurant window, the boss has always attached importance to, with the best fabrics do menu cover, some even with soft sheepskin play various beautiful patterns. Here using the menu called seems to be inappropriate, be called cookbook. 如何点好菜，我可有个绝招，我无论在国内外西餐馆吃饭，往往点的菜又好吃，又便宜，常常受到同事们称道，我的办法是，打开菜谱，看哪道菜是以饭店名称命名的，我往往取之，我深知，那位厨师也不会拿自己店名开玩笑的，所以他们下功夫做出的菜，肯定会好吃的，请大家一定要点。 How to order dishes, I can have a trick, I both at home and abroad, West restaurant, often to the point of food and delicious, cheap, often by colleagues praise, our approach is, open the menu, which is a dish to the hotel name, I tend to take, I know, the the cook will not take his name to make fun of, so their efforts made dish, will certainly be good, please point. 涉及到点菜，看菜谱不由得使我想起近 20 年前发生在马克西姆餐厅的一件事，四位年轻的“万元户”农民走进这家豪华的餐厅。他们有了钱，想品一品法国名菜。餐厅经理和服务员欣喜异常，热情招待他们入座，并礼貌地呈上菜谱，恭敬地请他们点菜。谁料，其中一位把菜谱推到一边，不屑一顾地说：“点什么菜？你们看着来，什么贵上什么，我们有的是钱！”四位农民花了近2000 元，美美吃了顿法国名菜，但也不时出了“洋相”，刀叉不知如何使，餐巾最后当了手绢用? To order, see the menu could not help but remind me of nearly 20 years ago in Maksim restaurant thing, four young million yuan door the farmer walked into a luxurious restaurant. They have money, want to taste French cuisine. The manager of the restaurant and the attendant ecstatic, hospitality and courtesy to their seats, with recipes, respectfully request that their order. Meanwhile, one of the recipes to the side, not a Gu said: what? You see, what you do, we have plenty of money! Four farmers spent nearly 2000 yuan, enjoyed the dinner to French haute cuisine, but also from time to time out of the fool, do not know how to make the knife and fork, napkin and finally when the handkerchief . . 后来法方总经理同我谈起此事，很有感触：“从这四位年轻人身上，看到中国农民确实富了，令人振奋。但是中国朋友吃西餐不看菜单，使我们很难理解。在法国，就是戴高乐、德斯坦总统吃西餐也得看菜单点菜的。这里不涉及有钱没钱的问题，因为看菜单、点菜已成了吃西餐的一个必不可少的程序，是种生活方式。” Later the method of square general manager told me about the matter, have feeling very much: from the four young people, see Chinese farmer is really rich, exciting. But the Chinese friends to eat Western food is not looking at the menu, which makes it difficult for us to understand. In France, De Gaulle, President Goldstein to eat Western food also depends on the a la carte menu. It does not involve money no money, because the menu, ordering have been eating food is an essential procedure, is a kind of life style. 第二个是“Music”（音乐） The second one is Music ( Music ) 豪华高级的西餐厅，要有乐队，演奏一些柔和的乐曲，一般的小西餐厅也播放一些美妙的乐曲。但，这里最讲究的是乐声的“可闻度”，即声音要达到“似听到又听不到的程度”，就是说，要集中精力和友人谈话就听不到，要想休息放松一下就听得到，这个火候要掌握好。 Luxury restaurant, must have the band, playing some soft music, generally a small restaurant also play some music. But, here the most is about music can be heard , i.e. to sound like hear hear degree, that is to say, to focus and friends talk cant hear, to rest and relax you hear, the temperature must be mastered. 第三个是“Mood”（气氛） The third one is Mood ( atmosphere ) 西餐讲究环境雅致，气氛和谐。一定要有音乐相伴，有洁白的桌布，有鲜花摆放，所有餐具一定洁净。如遇晚餐，要灯光暗淡，桌上要有红色蜡烛，营造一种浪漫、迷人、淡雅的气氛。 Western pay attention to environment, harmonious atmosphere. There must be accompanied by music, the white tablecloth, a flower arrangement, all must clean tableware. In case of dinner, to dim the lights, the table should have the red candle, to create a romantic, charming, elegant atmosphere. 第四个是“Meeting”（会面） The fourth one is Meeting (meeting ) 也就是说和谁一起吃西餐，这要有选择的，一定要是亲朋好友，趣味相投的人。吃西餐主要为联络感情，很少在西餐桌上谈生意。所以西餐厅内，少有面红耳赤的场面出现。 And that is to say, who together to eat Western food, this to have the choice, if some friends, like-minded people. Western food is mainly for contact feeling, rarely in the West dinning table. So the western restaurant, less flush with shame the scene. 第五个是“Manner”（礼俗） The fifth one is Manner ( custom ) 也称之为“吃相”和“吃态”，总之要遵循西方习俗，勿有唐突之举，特别在手拿刀叉时，若手舞足蹈，就会“失态”。使用刀叉，应是右手持刀，左手拿叉，将食物切成小块，然后用刀叉送入口内。一般来讲，欧洲人使用刀叉时不换手，一直用左手持叉将食物送入口内。美国人则是切好后，把刀放下，右手持叉将食物送入口中。但无论何时，刀是绝不能送物入口的。西餐宴会，主人都会安排男女相邻而坐，讲究“女士优先”的西方绅士，都会表现出对女士的殷勤。 Also known as eat and eat states, anyhow should follow the Western custom, do not have offensive move, in particular with a knife and fork, if will dance with joy, gaffe. Use a knife and fork, should be the right hand holding a knife, fork, the food into small pieces, and then use a knife and fork into the mouth. Generally speaking, the Europeans when using the knife and fork is the exchange, has been using the left hand holds the fork food into the mouth. Americans are cut, the knife down, his right hand holding a fork food into the mouth. But whenever, knife is never sent the entrance. Western banquet, the owner will arrange for men and women to sit next to each other, pay attention to lady first Western gentleman, will be shown on the ladys attentions. 第六个是“Meal”（食品） The sixth one is Meal ( food ) 我的一位美国美食家朋友曾这样说：“日本人用眼睛吃饭，料理的形式很美，吃我们的西餐，是用鼻子的，所以我们鼻子很大；只有你们伟大的中国人才懂得用舌头吃饭。”我们中餐以“味”为核心，西餐是以营养为核心，至于味道那是无法同中餐相提并论的。 One of my American friends had this to say: the gourmet Japanese cuisine meals with eyes, the form is beautiful, eat our food, using the nose, so our nose; only your great Chinese people who eat with tongue. Our food to taste as the core, Western food is nutrition as the core, as for the taste that is unable to put on a par with the same food. 吃西餐在很大程度上讲是在吃情调：大理石的壁炉、熠熠闪光的水晶灯、银色的烛台、缤纷的美酒，再加上人们优雅迷人的举止，这本身就是一幅动人的油画。为了在初尝西餐时举止更加娴熟，费些力气熟悉一下这些进餐礼仪，还是值得的。 Western food in a large extent is eating exotic: marble fireplace, shining crystal lamp, the silver candlestick, colorful wine, coupled with our elegant and charming manners, which itself is a moving painting. In order to in the first Western manners more skill, effort with these dining etiquette, or worth. 1、就座时，身体要端正，手肘不要放在桌面上，不可跷足，与餐桌的距离以便于使用餐具为佳。餐台上已摆好的餐具不要随意摆弄。将餐巾对折轻轻放在膝上。 In 1, when seated, the body to correct, dont put your elbows on the table, may not, and the distance to the table to better use tableware. On the table already set tableware dont fiddle. Will gently folded napkin on your lap. 2、使用刀叉进餐时，从外侧往内侧取用刀叉，要左手持叉，右手持刀；切东西用左手拿叉按住食物，右手执刀将其锯切成小块，然后用叉子送入口中。使用刀时，刀刃不可向外。进餐中放下刀叉时，应摆成“八”字型，分别放在餐盘边上。刀刃朝向自身，表示还要继续吃。每吃完一道菜，将刀叉并拢放在盘中。如果是谈话，可以拿着刀叉，无需放下。不用刀时，也可以用右手持叉，但若需要作手势时，就应放下刀叉，千万不可手执刀叉在空中挥舞摇晃，也不要一手拿刀或叉，而另一只手拿餐巾擦嘴，也不可一手拿酒杯，另一只手拿叉取菜。要记住，任何时候，都不可将刀叉的一端放在盘上，另一端放在桌上。 2, use your fork and knife, from the outside to the forks and knives, to the right hand holding a fork, knife is used for cutting things; left hand fork to hold down food, brandishing his right hand saw and cut into small pieces, and then fork mouth. Using a knife, knife edge can not be outward. Dinner knife and fork, should be placed into the eight type, were placed on the edge of the plate. The direction of their own, said they would continue to eat. After each dish, knives and forks together on a platter. If the conversation, you can take a knife and fork, no down. No knife, can also use the right hand holding a fork, but if you need to make the gesture, it should be laid down his knife and fork, knife and fork must not be hand waving in the air shake, do not hand the knife or fork, and the other hand napkin to wipe the mouth, nor one with a drink in his hand, the other one hand fork dish. Remember, any time, will not be the end of the knife and fork on the plate, on the other side of the table. 3、每次送入口中的食物不宜过多，在咀嚼时不要说话，更不可主动与人谈话。 3, each time delivers the entrance of food should not be too many, in the masticatory do not speak, but can not active and talking to people. 4、喝汤时不要啜，吃东西时要闭嘴咀嚼。不要咂嘴发出声音。如汤菜过热，可待稍凉后再吃，不要用嘴吹。喝汤时，用汤勺从里向外舀，汤盘中的汤快喝完时，用左手将汤盘的外侧稍稍翘起，用汤勺舀净即可。吃完汤菜时，将汤匙留在汤盘（碗）中，匙把指向自己。 4, you dont drink, eat to shut up. Dont smacking sound. Soup dishes such as overheating, can be cooled before eating, not mouth blown. When the soup with a spoon, scoop from the inside out, soup soon after drinking the soup, soup plate with his left hand to the lateral tilt slightly, with tablespoon to scoop net. Eat soup dish, soup spoon at will ( bowl), put at their spoons. 5、吃鱼、肉等带刺或骨的菜肴时，不要直接外吐，可用餐巾捂嘴轻轻吐在叉上放入盘内。如盘内剩余少量菜肴时，不要用叉子刮盘底，更不要用手指相助食用，应以小块面包或叉子相助食用。吃面条时要用叉子先将面条卷起，然后送入口中。 5, eat fish, meat or bone barbed dishes, do not spit directly outside, the napkin can be used lightly Wuzui spit on the fork into the tray. If the remaining small tray of dishes, do not use a fork scraping the bottom of the plate, not a finger food aid, a small piece of bread or a fork of food aid. Eat the noodles to noodles with a fork to roll up, and then into the mouth. 6、面包应掰成小块送入口中，不要拿整块面包咬。抹黄油和果酱时也要先将面包掰成小块再抹。 In 6, bread should be broken into small pieces into the mouth, do not take the whole piece of bread nip. Butter and jam will also want to partake of the bread into small pieces and then wipe. 7、吃鸡时，欧美人多以鸡胸脯肉为贵。吃鸡腿时应先用力将骨去掉，不要用手拿着吃。吃鱼时不要将鱼翻身，要吃完上层后用刀叉将鱼骨剔掉后再吃下层，吃肉时，要切一块吃一块，块不能切得过大，或一次将肉都切成块。 7, eat chicken, Europe and the United States to more than one chicken breast meat is precious. Should be forced to eat chicken leg bone will be removed, do not eat with their hands. Eating fish will not turn over to eat fish, the fish knife and fork to tick off before the lower, to cut a piece of meat, eat a block, block cannot be cut too large, or a meat cut into pieces. 8、不可在餐桌边化妆，用餐巾擦鼻涕。用餐时打嗝是最大的禁忌，万一发生此种情况，应立即向周围的人道歉。取食时不要站立起来，坐着拿不到的食物应请别人传递。 8, not at the dinner table napkins makeup, with nose. Meal burping is the biggest taboo, if this happens, immediately to the people around. When feeding do not stand up, sit not to take food should ask others to pass. 9、就餐时不可狼吞虎咽。不愿吃的食物也应要一点放在盘中，以示礼貌。主人劝客人添菜，如有胃口，添菜不算失礼，相反主人也许会引以为荣。 9, eat not eat like wolves and tigers. Not to eat the food shall be a point on the disk, to be polite. The master advised guests Tim dishes, such as appetite, Tiancai not rude, instead master may take it as a great honour. 10、不可在进餐时中途退席。如有事确需离开应向左右的客人小声打招呼。饮酒干杯时，即使不喝，也应该将杯口在唇上碰一碰，以示敬意。当别人为你斟酒时，如不要，可简单地说一声“不，谢谢！”或以手稍盖酒杯，表示谢绝。 10, can not be in place to leave. If you needed to leave to greet guests whispered about. Drinking toast, if not to drink, also should be the cup on the lips touch, as a mark of respect. When someone for y