英语中各句子成分划分ppt课件

.,SentenceElements,英语句子成分,.,主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)宾语补足语(宾补objectcomplement)定语(attributive)状语(adverbial)主语补足语(主补subjectcomplement),句子成分,.,1.主语谓语(SV)2.主语谓语宾语(SVO)3.主语连系动词表语(SVC)4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)5.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾补(SVOC),简单句的基本句型,.,1.主语谓语(SV)本结构是由“主语+不及物动词(词组)”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，Shecame.Myheadaches.Thesunrises.该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.,.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,.,2.主语谓语宾语(SVO)此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如，1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.HesaidGoodmorning.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,.,3.主语连系动词表语(SVP)本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等；（2）表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand等；（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。Sheishappy.Hefelloffhisbikeandgothurt.Hisadviceproved(tobe)right.,.,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,.,4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,等；(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.ShegaveJohnabook=Sheboughtabookforme.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.,.,5.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾补(SVOC)此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.,.,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。,.,Arrangethesewordstomakesentences,1.was/old/dying/man/theTheoldmanwasdying.2.Taught/newwords/thestudents/thelecturer/many/toThelecturertaughtmanynewwordstothestudents3.damage/yourhair/somehairbrushes/maySomehairbrushesmaydamageyourhair.4.me/a/haircut/thebarber/gave/shortThebarbergavemeashorthaircut.5.Theshop/$100/paid/thecustomerThecustomerpaidtheshop$100,.,6.interestingandexpansive/inthecity/canbe/both/lifeLifeinthecitycanbebothinterestingandexpansive7.it/make/yourhair/toooften/dry/may/shampooingShampooingyourhairtoooftenmaymakeitdry.8.myself/unlucky/thought/veryIthoughtmyselfveryunlucky.9.thetiredstudent/intheafternoon/anap/tookThetiredstudenttookanapintheafternoon.10.hiscar/toBeijing/drovehiscartoBeijing.ThesalesmandrovehiscartoBeijing.,.,主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语),句子成分,.,谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征英语中只有动词才能作谓语。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.,.,宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.,.,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。MissYangisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句),.,状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.ThemeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweatherHestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.,.,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词),.,主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Tiredandsad,shetoldherstorytearfully.,.,表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)S