2014烟台高二期中英语考试长难句解析

期中考试长难句解析,2014-11-20,长难句最常见的形式,一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。,二、分隔结构,为了调整语气和增加补充信息，平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，有时将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来-分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。,三、成分省略,在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。,四、改变语序,改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。,一、结构分析法,所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。,1.较复杂的简单句-去枝叶，留主干（找主谓语）,arefrigeratorofthefuturethattellsyouwhattocookwithyourleftoversandautomaticallyre-ordersfreshfoodisbeingdesignedintheUK.,arefrigeratorofthefuture（thattellsyouwhattocookwithyourleftoversandautomaticallyre-ordersfreshfood）isbeingdesignedintheUK.,英国正在研制一种未来冰箱，它可以告诉你如何用剩菜做出美味佳肴，而且还可以根据新鲜程度自动调整食物的摆放顺序。,2.并列复合句-找并列连词,Theself-cleaningrefrigeratorofthefuturewillautomaticallyplacesupermarkethomedeliveryorderswhenrequiredandmovefoodnearitsusebydatetothefrontoftheshelves.,Theself-cleaningrefrigeratorofthefuturewillautomaticallyplacesupermarkethomedeliveryorderswhenrequiredandmovefoodnearitsusebydatetothefrontoftheshelves.,这种自洁式“未来冰箱”会自动下订单让超市送货上门，还会把接近保质期的食物放在搁架的最前面。,ThiscouldhavereferredtoeitherthelandofMacedonia,whichhasmanymountains,oritcouldhavereferredtowhattheMacedonianpeoplelooklike.,ThiscouldhavereferredtoeitherthelandofMacedonia,(whichhasmanymountains,)oritcouldhavereferredto(whattheMacedonianpeoplelooklike.),Researchershopethefridgecouldcleanitself,cutdownonwastedfoodandofferuprecipes-（whichcouldbetailoredtodifferentcountries,cuisinesandseasons.）,研究人员希望这种冰箱可以自动清洁、减少食物浪费并提供食谱能够满足不同国家、不同烹饪方法、不同季节的需求。,3：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词,Whereasawomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.,Whereasawomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasntunusual(tohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.),whereas引导了一个从句，即awomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,而itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。,Thenexttimeyouarecomplainingabouthavingtoranamileortwoatschool,besuretothinkof91-yearoldHarriet,whonotonlycompletedtheSanDiegomarathononMay31st,butalsobroketworecords,Thenexttimeyouarecomplainingabouthavingtoranamileortwoatschool,besuretothinkof91-yearoldHarriet,whonotonlycompletedtheSanDiegomarathononMay31st,butalsobroketworecords.,二、意群阅读法,即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。,Whentwocarsweretravellingat30mhhiteachother,anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshieldwithaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters,分析：是状语从句，是主句，是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。,Theplannednewfeaturesincludetheabilityforrefrigeratorstoscantheirshelvestoseewhatisinstockandusethisinformationtobothplanmealsandautomaticallyplaceasupermarketfoodorder.,为主句为不定式作定语修饰theability为不定式表目的,Theplannednewfeaturesincludetheabilityforrefrigerators（toscantheirshelves）toseewhatisinstockandusethisinformationtobothplanmealsandautomaticallyplaceasupermarketfoodorder.,方法三：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词,Whereasawomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.,Whereasawomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.,whereas引导了一个从句，即awomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,而itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。,Thenexttimeyouarecomplainingabouthavingtoranamileortwoatschool,besuretothinkof91-yearoldHarriet,whonotonlycompletedtheSanDiegomaratho