高中英语语法限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

高中英语语法通霸3：怎样区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A. 作宾语时可省略； B.可用that; C. 可用who代替whom；D.可用whyA. 不可省; B. 不用that; C. 不用who代替whom; D. why要换为for which考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。如： This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） I lost my money that day, for which I had to walk home. (非限制性，for which不能换为why，which代指前面 “I lost my money that day.”这句话) He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love at first sight. (非限制性，whom不能换为who)B. 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。练习翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。1. He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist.2. He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books, which are written in English.3. The man who lives next door is a doctor.My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.4. A student who studies hard will make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.考点2. as, which引导的非限制性定语从句A. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)Taiwan , as you know, is a part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)He has to work on Sunday, which he doesnt like.(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面)B. as引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为否定时不能用as。She failed the exam again, as was unexpected. She failed the exam again, which was unexpected. C. as, which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。He was very happy, as could be seen from the look on his face. ( as指代前面整个主句)He claimed he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true. (which指代“he could speak three foreign languages”，指代前面一句话的一部分)D. as is often the case是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”，只能用as，不能用which。1. 【2010四川】After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where2. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. A. after thatB. after which C. after itD. after this3. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. thisB. whichC. whatD. that4. His movie won several awards at the film q festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it5. 【2009全国II】 My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it6. 【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 7. 【2012福建】The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what8. _ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. AsB. ThatC. ItD. What 9. 【2013陕西】_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It B. That C. What D. As10. The Beatles, _ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. whatB. thatC. howD. asI. 单句改错1. 【2005安徽】Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down. 2. 【2004重庆】I had to look up the same wordmany times, for which was quite troublesome. 3. Which is natural, he married Mary. 4. There is no simple answer, which is often the case in science.II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）5. 【2009福建】If possible（可能）, we may leave them alone for some time before reading again, _ will help a great deal.6. 【2010湖北】_ we have stressed many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. 7. 【2015江苏】The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.8. 【2015福建】China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.III. 写作技能提升9. 我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（find somebody doing, taketo, which）10. 正如一句谚语所说，“All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy.”如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying, a sound body, achieve）11. 正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality）12. 在汉语演讲比赛中我获得了一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams）13. 在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（cant afford to attend a college, as is the case with, waste money on, luxury）非限制性定语从句在写作中非常好用，可以把琐碎的要点连成一个高级的句子来。尝试用非限制性定语从句翻译下面句子。14. 我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（be located in, have a history of）15. 我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。（in ones thirties, devote oneself to）16. 我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(young and successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management)17. 我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(the majority of, put ones heart into)18. 我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里，如果我们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)答案1. 他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个是医生。）他有一个弟弟，是个医生。（只有一个弟弟。）2. 他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还）他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。3. 住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。我姐姐是个医生，住在我的隔壁。4. 努力学习的学生会取得进步。这个学生是他们校足球队的队长，他住得离学校很远。1.B2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.D1. that改为which；非限制性定语从句只能用which。2. 去掉which前的for；which本身都起着连接作用。3. Which改为As；which引导非限制性从句时不能放在句首。4. which改为as；as is often the case固定用法。5. which；代指前面一句话。6. As；代指后面一句话，作stress的宾语。7. as；as有“正如”之意。8. which；which代指前面描述的事情。9. I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.10. As a saying goes, “All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything.11. As is shown in the chart, the air quality of the city has become worse and worse in the past two years.12. I won the first prize in the Chinese speech competition, which was beyond my wildest dreams.13. In our country, many students cant afford to attend a college, as is the case with Li Hua, but these people waste so much money on so m