2011届中考英语同义句转换专题复习

同义句转换 总所周知，语言是思想、情感交流的载体。相同的意思有时可以用不同的方式表达。了解并学会多种表达法，能更好地适应交际的需要。同义句转换也是中考常考题型。此类题型考生失分较大。现归纳以下解题方法与思路。一、运用同义词或同义词组e.g. 1. I got a letter from my brother last weekend. = I heard from my brother last weekend. 2.His little sister could dress herself when she was three years old. = His little sister was able to dress herself at the age of three.这类题目首先要注意比较上下两句，找出需要改动的地方，运用同义词或同义词组进行转换。还要注意把握两句的时态、数的单复和主谓一致等。Exercises:1.A.The children are having a good time in the park now. B. The children are_ _ in the park _ _ _.2.A.He spent thirty minutes in finishing his homework. My God. B._ _ him _ _ _ _ finish his homework.3.A.Very soon the baby started crying. B. In _ _ the baby _ _ cry.4.A.What do you think of the movie you saw last week? B._ do you _ the movie you saw last week?5.A.There is only an old chair in the room.B. Theres _ _ an old chair in the room.6.A.Whats the matter with you, young man? B. Whats _ with you, young man?7.A.Did you have any problems in working out the math problem? B. Did you have _ in _ the math problem?8.A.Hell come to my birthday soon after he finishes his project. B. Hell come to my birthday _ _ _ his project is finished.二、运用反义词或反义词组e.g. 1.She failed the English exam last time. = She didnt pass the English exam last time. 2.His house is near the school. = His house isnt far from the school. = His house is close to the school. 这类题目可以否定句中的动词或形容词，是两句意思相符。仍然要注意动词时态一致。Exercise:9.A.I dont think the pig is beautiful. B._ _ _, the pig is _.10.A.All of the questions are easy. B._ _ the questions is _.11.A.They didnt find anything under the desk. B. They _ _ under the desk.三、动词短语转换成介词短语e.g. 1.Yesterday Mr. King went to New York by air. = Mr. King flew to New York yesterday.此类题目关键就是使用恰当的介词短语，还要注意动词时态一致。Exercises:12.A. Helen always goes to school on foot. B. Helen always _ _school.13.A.Tom used a brush to clean his shoes. B. Tom _ his shoes _ a brush.14.A. Manuel usually goes to work by subway, sometimes he rides his motorcycle.B. Manuel usually _the subway to work, but at times he goes to work _ motorbike.四、单句转换成复句，或者复句转换成单句e.g. 1.She found him a very clever student.= She found that he was a pretty clever student.2.The gate is quite wide. Two cars can go through it at the same time.= The gate is so wide that two cars can go through it together.此类题目需要熟悉一些重要的句型和短语。例如：too to ; so that; not until等。还要注意了解相关转换类型，如：without短语与if/ unless条件状语从句的转换；enough to 与so that 的转换；tooto,notenough to, sothat not的相互转换等。Exercises:15.A.Mrs Green doesnt like traveling by plane at all, I think. B.I _ think Mrs. Green _ traveling a lot.16.A.The boy is too young to go to school. B. The boy is _ young _ he _ do to school. C. The boy isnt _ _ _ go to school.17.A.Fish cant live if theres no water. B. Fish cant live _ _ water. C. Fish cant live _ there _ water.18.A.He seemed tired last night. B._ _ that _ was tired last night.19.A.The book is so difficult that none of us ca read it. B.The book is _ difficult _ us _ read. C The book _ _ _ for us to read.20.A.I cant finish the work on time if you dont help me. B.I cant finish the work on time _ _ _. C.I cant finish the work on time _ you _ me _ _.21.A.I think it easy to work out the physic problem. B.I think I _ work out the physic problem _ . C._ easy _ me _ work out the physic problem.五、同一单词的不同词性相互转换e.g. .He promised to help us. = He made a promise to help us. 此类题目要求学生在记单词的时候要理解它们的词性。功在平时，博闻强识。Exercise：22.A.Jim didnt come to school because he was ill. B. Jim didnt come to school _ _ his _.23A.Mike decided to try to learn English well. B Mike _ a _ to try to learn English well.24.A.Lets discuss it together, OK? B._ you please _ a _ with us?25.A.He is a successful actor. B. He _ in _.26.A. What he said surprised us. B. We _ _ _ his words.27.A. The story interested them a lot. B. The story _ them very _ .六、并列复合连词连接或改写原句e.g. .Maria has been to Shanghai, so has Kate. = Both Maria and Kate have been to Shanghai. 此类题目特别要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致。还要对象一些短语比较熟悉，例如：eitheror, bothand., neither nor; not only but also。还有一些句型，例如：So + 动词+主语； , too.等。Exercises:28.A.She cant answer the question, neither can I. B._ she _ I _ answer the question. C._ _ us _ answer the question.D. She cant answer the question, and I cant, _.29.A.Grace went to bed after she finished doing her homework. B. Grace _ _ to bed _ she finished her homework.30.A. Lucy went to the cinema, John went to the cinema, too. B. _ _ Lucy _ _ John went to the cinema.31.A. You can go there by ship or you may go there by plane. B. You may go there _ by ship _ by plane.32.A. In the place one cant stand up and one cant lie down either. B. In the place one _ _ stand up _ lie down. 七、主动语态与被动语态的转换e.g. Father made his children work hard every day.= The children were made to work hard every day.此类题目要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致，短语的完整性。特别注意有些主动语态中生的省to 不定时改为被动语态后要还原不定时符号to.Exercises：33.A. The student were asked to finished their homework in class by the teacher. B. The teacher _ _ _ finish their homework in class.34.A. We must look after old people well. B. Old people _ _ _ _ well.35.A. People built this bridge 1500 years ago. B. This bridge _ _ 1500 years ago.36.A. People grow rice in southern China. B. Rice _ _ in southern China.37.A. A large number of people speak English in the world. B. English _ _ _ many people in the world.八、动作动词与状态动词的相互转换e.g. I borrowed this book from the school library three weeks ago. = I have kept this library book for three weeks. 此类题目既要要求对一些动作动词（常是瞬间动词）相关的状态动词（常是非延续动词）很熟悉，还要注意时态的变化，通常是一般现在时变为现在完成时。特别注意瞬间动词不能与表示一段的时间状语联用；有些句子在变化时主语要作一定的调整。Exercises:38.A. The young man has been in the army for four years. B. The young man _ the army four years _.C. _ two years _ the young man _ the army .39.A. His uncle bought the new house two and a half years ago. B. His uncle _ _ the new house for _ _ and _ _.40.A. Its about ten minutes since he left the room. B. He _ the room ten minutes _. C. He _ _ _ _ the room for about ten minutes.41.A. I closed the window two minutes ago.B. The window _ _ _ for two minutes.42.A. He became an English teacher 15 years ago. B. He _ _ an English _ 15 years ago.C. He _ _ English for 15 years. D. It _ _ 15 years _ he started teaching English 15 years ago.九、宾语从句与动词不定式之间的转换e.g. Please tell me how I can get to the nearest post office. = Could you tell me how to get to the nearest post office? 此类题目要求学生明白疑问词与动词不定时连用的含义，构成不定时结构如：how to,when to, what to, where to等。还要注意一些含动词不定式的短语，如：ask sb.(not) to do sth., tell sb. (not) to do sth.等。Exercises:43.A. Our teacher told him that he shouldnt be late the next time. B. Our teacher told him _ _ _ late the next time.44A. They are thinking of what they should do next.B. They are thinking of _ _ _ next.45.A. Can you let me know when they will start? B. Could you please tell me _ _ _?46A. They piled the snow in one place so that they could make a snowman. B. They piled the snow in one place _ _ _ make a snowman.十、直接引语和间接引语间的转换e.g. 1.“Listen carefully, Jack.” Said the Math teacher. = The math teacher _ Jack _ _ carefully. 2. “What does your feather do?” Mrs. Yang asked . = Mrs. Yang asked him _ _ father _.此类题目要注意陈述语序和疑问语序间的转换、时态的变化、人称代词的变化、物主代词的变化，以及一些时间、地点甚至指示代词的变化。Exercises:47.A. “Dont look out of the window, Lin Xiang.” Mr. Wu said angrily. B. Mr. Wu _ Lin Xiang _ _ look out of the window.48.A. “ What are you doing here in the classroom?” he asked. B. He asked me _ _ _ _ _ in the classroom.49.A. “The sun is much bigger than the earth.” Mother told me . B. Mother told me _ the sun _ much bigger than the earth.50.A. “What are you doing now? father asked. B. Father asked her what _ _ _ _.51. A. “Do you like English best?” our Chinese teacher asked. B. Our Chinese teacher asks Julie _ _ _ English best.十一、含形容词的短语和含副词的短语间的转换e.g. The rain was heavy last night. = It rained heavily last night. 此类题目关键就是理解句子含义，灵活地运用相关的不同词性的词或短语。Exercises:52. A. Bruce has breakfast quickly and then goes to school. B. Bruce has _ _ breakfast and then he goes to school.53.A. The wind is very strong outside. B. It is _ _ outside.54.A. The problems are easy for him to work out. B. He can work out the problems _.十二、陈述句与感叹句及两种形式感叹句间的转换e.g. The boy drew a very beautiful flower. = How beautiful a flower the boy drew1 = What a beautiful flower the boy drew! 此类题目要求学生能够完全掌握what和how引导的感叹句的构成，并能灵活运用。Exercises:55.A. What a strong wind it is! B. _ _ the wind _ _!56.A. How interesting the English lesson is! B. _ -_ interesting English lesson it is!57.A. She is quite a clever girl. B. _ _ the girl is! C. _ -_ _ girl she is!十三、形容词、副词三种等级之间的转换e.g. Henry is taller than the other students in our class. = Henry is the tallest student in our class. 此类题目需要学生能够熟悉形容词、副词的构成规律，能够灵活运用一些有关形容词和副词比较等级的句型结构，如：（1）more and more,（2） the +比较级+of the two ; （3）The +比较级, the +(另一词)比较级。 特别要清楚表示最高级范围的结构，如：（1）in+组织/单位，（2）of +与主语同类别的人或物。表示排除主语的结构，如：（10）the other +名词复数；（2）any other +名词单数。表示相同性质比较的结构，as+形容词/副词（原级）+as; not as/so as.。解题时注意交换句子主语，用反义词进行改写；或者用比较级表示最高级含义。Exercises:58.A. He is the best at English of all the students in his class. B. _ _ is_ at English than he.59.A. Joe is shorter than any other student in his class. B. Joe is _ _ _ all the students in the class. C. _ else is taller than Joe in the class. D. _ else is _ short _ Joe in the class.60.A. Tiger Woods plays golf best of all the three golfers. B. Tiger Woods plays golf _ _ _ _ _ golfers.61.A. The sun is much bigger than the earth. B. The earth is much _ than the sun.62.A. Light travels faster than sound. B. Sound travels _ _ than light. C. Sound _ travel _ _ _ light.63.A. English is more popular than French. B. French is _ _ than English64.A. The Changjiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China. B. The Changjinag River is _ than _ _ river in China.65.This story isnt as interesting as that one. B. This story is _ interesting than that one. C. That story is _ interesting than this story.十四、“祈使句+and/or ”结构与if 条件状语从句间的转换e.g. If you run a little faster, youll catch up with your classmates. = Run faster, and youll catch up with your classmates. 此类题目要注意句子的肯定与否定，正确使用and 和or。 Exercises:66.A. Hurry up, or youll be late for school. B. _ you _ hurry up, you wont get to school _ _.67.A. Be more careful, and you can get better grades next time. B. _ you _ more careful, you can get better grades next time. 十五、形式主语/宾语it和不定式主语/宾语及从句、动名词间的转换e.g. Talking to you is nice. = Its nice talking to you.Exercises:68.A. To learn English well is not easy. B. _ _ easy _ learn English well.69.A. That he didnt come worries us all. B. _ worries all of us _ he didnt come十六、其它形式e.g. Whats wrong with your mother? = Whats the matter with your mother?Exercises:70.A. What subject do you like best? B. _ your _ subject?71.A. What does his uncle do? B. _ his uncle? C. Whats his _ _?72.A. Cab I help you? B. _ can I _ _ you?73.A. How many people are there in the country? B. _ the _ of the country?74.A. What the meaning of this word、 B. What does this word _?75.A. Ted has so much money that he can buy a very big house. B. Ted _ _ _ _ buy a very big house. C. Ted _ _ _ buy a big house.当然，这里只是对同义句转换题作一个方法上的讨论，以期起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。要真正能够做对这类题型，还要同学们在平时下苦功夫，多研究，多总结，多记忆。附答案：1.having, fun/ enjoying, themselves; at, the ,moment 2.It ,took, half, an ,hour ,to; 3.no time, began/started ,to; 4.How ,like; 5.nothing, but 6.wrong; 7.difficulty, solving; 8.as soon ,as ;9.In, my, opinion, ugly; 10.None, of ,difficult; 11.found, nothing ; 12.walks, to 13.cleaned ,with; 14.takes, by; 15.dont, likes; 16.so, that, cant; old ,enough ,to; 17.without ,any; 18.It ,seemed, he; 19.too ,for ,to, isnt, easy, enough; 20.without, your, help, unless, give, a, hand; 21.can, easily, Its, for, to; 22.because, of, i