第三版新视野大学英语第一册第六单元sectionA

.,.,.,WritingModel,Method2,Contrastingthecommitmenttostudyofworkingstudentsandnon-workingstudents;,Method3,Followingstudentsovertimeastheyincreasedordecreasedworkinghours,assessingtheeffectsofdifferentemploymentpatternsonschoolperformanceandengagement.,InteractiveReading,ToworkornottoworkThatisthequestion,Theresearchobjective:Tomeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,.,PartIIEffects(Para.2?),PartIIEffects(Para.24)Whataretheresearchfindingsoreffectsofemploymentlistedinthispart?(Threefindingsinall),Para.2presentsthefirstfinding,i.e.workinglonghoursseriouslyaffectsschoolperformanceandcommitment.Theresearchprovidesproofthat“studentswhoworked20hoursormoreweeklyhadlowerscores,spentlesstimeonhomework,skippedclassandcheatedmoreoften,werelessdevotedtoschool,andhadalowerexpectationoftheirstudy”.,InteractiveReading,.,InPara.3,Ispart-timeworkboundtoaffectschoolperformancemuch?,Notexactly,asthesecondfindinginParagraph3shows,“Workingforabout10hoursperweekorlessdoesnotseemtoaffectschoolperformancemuch.However,sincemanystudentsworkabovethe20-hourlimit,thereisariskthattheirschoolperformancewillbeundermined.”,InteractiveReading,.,WhatisthethirdfindingasshowninParagraph4?,Themoredisengagedstudentsarefromschool,themorelikelytheyaretoworklonghours,andviceversa,thusthrowingthemintoaviciouscycle.Butwhentheystopworkingorworkfewerhours,theybecomeinterestedinschoolagain.Thismeansthattheundesirableeffectsofworkingpart-timecanbereversed.,InteractiveReading,.,Howdoestheauthorlistthefindingsinthispart?(Para.4),Byusingsomesignalwordsandexpressions,suchastheresultsareclear,ontheotherhand,also,adifferentpattern,andtheresultsarestriking.,InteractiveReading,.,PartIIICauses(Para.5?),InteractiveReading,PartIIICauses(Para.58)Explanationsforthefinding:Whyworkingpart-timehassuchundesirableeffectsonstudentsacademicstudies？,.,Whatisthekeysentenceineachparagraph?(Para.58),InteractiveReading,Para5Keysentence:Workingstudentsmayhavelesstimetocompleteschoolassignmentsbecauseoftheirdemandingworkschedule.,Para6Keysentence:Workingstudentswillhavelessrestandeatlesshealthymeals;,.,Whatisthekeysentenceineachparagraph?(Para.58),InteractiveReading,Para7Keysentence:Workingstudentswillloseinterestinschoolbecausetheyaremoreexcitedaboutearningmoneythanaboutstudying.,Para8Keysentence:Workingstudentsmayusedrugsandalcoholmore,becausetheyhavemorespendingmoneyandtendtousemoredrugsandalcohol.,.,Accordingtothesurvey,whathappenstotheworkingstudentsasshowninParagraph5?,Sincetheytakeeasierclasses,copyassignmentsfromotherstudents,cutclass,andrefusetodoworkassignedbytheirteachers,theircommitmenttoschooliserodedlittlebylittle.,InteractiveReading,.,Eveningworkinterferesnotonlywithdoinghomeworkbutwithbothsleepanddietaswell.Studentswhoworkintheeveninggetlessrestandeatlesshealthymeals.Burningthemidnightoilmakesthemtootiredtodotheirhomeworkinschool.Astheirteacherscomplain,workingstudentsoftenfallasleepinclass.,InteractiveReading,Whataretheside-effectsofworkingeveningaslistedinParagraph6?,.,Forthosestudentswhohaveahistoryofintensiveemployment,theexcitementofearningextrapocketmoneymakesschoolless_andinteresting.Thus,itis_ofworkingstudentsthattheyaremorelikelyto_inclassandareatgreaterriskthantheirclassmatesof_beforegraduation.Andworstofall,workinglonghoursforcesthemtoturntomoreandmoredrugsand_forentertainmentand_,whichinturn_theirschoolperformanceandspeedsuptheir_fromschool.,InteractiveReading,ReadParagraphs7and8firstandthenfillinthefollowingblanks.,rewarding,characteristic,mind-wander,droppingout,alcohol,recreation,depresses,disengagement,.,Asaconclusionoftheresearch,theauthormakesitclearthat“working20hoursormoreweeklycanleadtodecreasedschoolperformanceandincreaseddrugandalcoholuse”.Ifstudentswanttobesuccessfulinschool,theyshouldresolvetoworknomorethan10hoursperweek.Itstimetogetridofthewrongideathatearlyemploymentbuildscharacter.,InteractiveReading,PartIV(Para.9)Conclusionoftheresearch,.,Throughlong-termcomparisonsofgradesaswellasofcommitmenttoschoolbetweenworkingandnon-workingstudents,theresearchfindsthatthestudentswhoworked20hoursormoreweeklyhadlowerscores,cutclassmoreoften,andbecameless_toschool.Besides,more_studentsaremorelikelytoworklongerhours,and_.Butoncetheywithdrawfromworkor_ontheirworkhours,theircommitmenttoschoolisrenewed.Theresearchcomesupwithsomecontributorstosucheffects.Foronething,workingstudentshavelesstimetodevotetoschool.Sothey_bytakingeasierclassesorrefusing,SummaryofText,committed,disengaged,viceversa,cutback,cutcorners,.,todohomework.Foranother,workingstudentsaretootiredfromworktofocustheirmindsonstudy.Andworstofall,theirinterestinstudyis_bitbybit,_theirdesiretoearnbigmoneygrowsstrongerandstronger,thusenablingthemtoturntosomuchdrugsandalcoholforrecreationastospeeduptheir_fromschool.Toreversethetrend,theauthormakesitclearthatstudentsshould_toworknomorethan10hoursperweekiftheywanttoreapsuccessfromschool.Andaboveall,astheauthorpointsout,itstimeto_themyththatthegreatvalueofworktakesforminourformativeyears.,eroded,SummaryofText,whereas,disengagement,resolve,abandon,.,ExtractionwhereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do/be”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.应用提示表明事物抉择有待深思。,.,Inthiscontext,X=“themajor”;andY=“anothermajor”；“do/be”=“goonwith”aswellas“switchto”Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,Togoonwiththemajorortoswitchtoanotherone,thatisthequestion.,是继续此专业，还是另换一专业，这的确是个问题。,ContextI,ProductivePatternTodo/beXortodo/beY/(nottodo/beX),thatisa/thequestion.,.,Inthiscontext,X=“living”;andY=“work”,and“do/be”=“workfor”aswellas“livefor”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,Toworkforlivingortoliveforwork,thatisthequestion.,ContextII,工作是为了活着，还是活着为了工作，这的确是个问题。,ProductivePatternTodo/beXortodo/beY/(nottodo/beX),thatisa/thequestion.,.,“Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,.”(Para.1,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?,ProductivepatternII,Therearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcandoY;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.应用提示表明处事的多种途径,Extraction沉迷于网络游戏:indulgenceinonlinegames;不可取:befarfromdesirable.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,ContextII,我们享受人生的方式有多种，但沉迷于网络游戏根本不可取。,Therearemanywaysbywhichwecanenjoyourlives;butindulgenceinonlinegamesisfarfromdesirable.,ProductivePatternTherearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcandoY.,.,ProductivepatternIII,“Aheavycommitmenttoapart-timejobduringtheacademicyear,say,working20hoursperweekormore,underminesandsignificantlyinterfereswithschoolachievementandcommitment.”(Para.2,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?,Aheavy/excessive/unduecommitmenttoXinterfereswith/impactson/undermines/affects/compromisesY；whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,应用提示表述物极必反的道理,ExtractionwhereX,Y,andZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“does/is”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.应用提示表明对事物的惯常反应。,.,Inthiscontext,X=“newstimuli”,Y=“we”,Z=“ourcuriosity”,and“does/is”=“arouse”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,ProductivePatternOnecommonresponse/reactionofonestoXisthatYdoes/isZ.,ContextI,我们对新事物刺激的一种普遍反应是激发好奇心，以战胜内心不确定性。,Onecommonresponseofourstonewstimuliisthatwearouseourcuriositytoovercomeoursenseofuncertainty.,.,Inthiscontext,“ones”=“optimists”,X=“challenges”,Y=“it”,Z=“thetimetodisplaytheirtalents”,“does/is”=“is”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,ContextII,乐观主义者对挑战的常规反应之一是施展才华的机会到了。,Onecommonresponseofoptimiststochallengesisthatitisthetimetodisplaytheirtalents.,ProductivePatternOnecommonresponse/reactionofonestoXisthatYdoes/isZ.,.,“Accordingtoourstudy,alcoholanddruguse,inturn,maybelinkedtodisengagementfromschool,andtherefore,islikelytodepressschoolperformance.”（Para.8,TextA）Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?,ProductivepatternV,ExtractionwhereX,Y,andZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.应用提示表述事物间内在及因果关系。,.,Inthiscontext,X=“pessimism”,Y=“thepatternofthinking”,Z=“mentalillness”,and“do”=“bringabout”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,ContextI,根据他们的研究，悲观主义可能与思维方式有关，因而可能造成心理疾病。,Accordingtotheirresearch,pessimismmaybelinkedtothepatternofthinking,andtherefore,islikelytobringaboutmentalillness.,ProductivePatternAccordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,XmaybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodoZ;,.,Inthiscontext,X=“hedonism”,Y=“onesvalues”,Z=“thevalueofhardwork”,and“do”=“sample”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,ContextII,根据他们问卷调查，享乐主义可能与人的价值取向有关，因而不可能体验到勤奋的价值。,Accordingtotheirquestionnaire,hedonismmaybelinkedtoonesvalues,andtherefore,isunlikelytosamplethevalueofhardwork.,ProductivePatternAccordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,XmaybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodoZ;,.,Extractiongetalongwithsb.;mencolleagues,Herunsociabilityinterfereswithgettingalongwithmencolleagues.,她孤僻的性格妨碍了和异性同事的接触。,LexicalCollocationinterferewithdoingsth./sth.,.,toomuchdessert;takeatollon;waistline,Toomuchdessertcantakeatollonyourwaistlineandyourhealth.,吃太多的甜食会使你的腰围变粗，健康受损。,Phrase2,LexicalCollocationtakea/itstollon,.,yoursideline;aheavycommitmentto;beboundto;yourmainline;theengagementin,Aheavycommitmenttoyoursidelineisboundtocutbackontheengagementinyourmainline.,你对副业的过多关注势必减少对你主业的投入。,Phrase3,LexicalCollocationcutbackon,.,itisunwiseofsb.todosth.;makeaprofit;inferiormerchandises,Itisunwiseofproducerstomakeaprofitbycuttingcornerstoproducecheaperandinferiormerchandises.,对于商人而言，通过偷工减料生产出便宜次品来盈利是不明智之举。,Phrase4,LexicalCollocationcutcorners,.,interpretingskill;bitbybit;hasalongwaytogo,Herinterpretingskillisimprovingbitbybit,butshestillhasalongwaytogotowinthecontest.,她的口译技巧有了逐步的提高，但要想比赛获胜，她还有很长的路要走。,Phrase5,LexicalCollocationbitbybit,.,whichiswhy+clause;lookdump,Heburnedthemidnightoilyesterday,whichiswhyhelooksdumptoday.,他昨晚熬夜了，所以他今天看上去打不起精神来。,Phrase6,LexicalCollocationburnthemidnightoil,.,sight;mind,Whatdropsoutofsightmaynotdropoutofmind.,眼不见不一定心不烦。,Phrase7,LexicalCollocationdropout,.,provesth./sb.tobeabsurd;amatterofignorance,Itisamatterofignorancetoholdontowhatsciencehasprovedtobeabsurd.,继续相信科学已证实荒谬的事物就是一种愚昧。,Phrase8,LexicalCollocationholdonto,.,WritingModeland“do/be”=“followlikesheep”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,Tofollowotherslikesheepornottofollow,thatisaquestionforteenagers.,是跟风，还是不跟风，这对青少年的确是个问题。,ProductivepatternTodo/beXortodo/beY/(nottodo/beX),thatisa/thequestion.,.,Inthiscontext,X=“we”,Y=“ourwillpower”and“do”=“temper”,thebestofall,putsb.inadversity.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,锻炼我们意志的方式无数，而最优者莫过于将我们自己置于逆境之中。,Therearenumerouswaysbywhichwecantemperourwillpower,butthebestofallistoputourselvesinadversity.,ProductivePatternTherearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcandoY.,.,Inthiscontext,X=“whatisnotworthdoing”,Y=“theengagementinwhatisworthdoing”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearises:,过度关注不值得做的必将削弱对值得做的投入。,Anexcessivecommitmenttowhatisnotworthdoingisboundtocompromisetheengagementinwhatisworthdoing.,ProductivePatternAheavy/excessive/unduecommitmenttoXinterfereswith/impactson/undermines/affects/compromisesY.,.,Inthiscontext,X=“thoseinneed”,Y=“it”,Z=“betternottotroublethetroubleuntilthetroubletroublesyou”,and“does/is”=“is”,asocietyshortofhonesty.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,在一个诚信缺失的社会里，人们对那些需要帮助者的惯常反应是:多一事不如少一事。,Inasocietyshortofhonesty,onecommonresponseofpeoplestothoseinneedisthatitisbetternottotroublethetroubleuntilthetroubletroublesyou.,ProductivePatternOnecommonresponse/reactionofonestoXisthatYdoes/isZ.,.,Inthiscontext,X=“peoplespreferenceforcyberromance”,Y=“theirlifestyles”,Z=“aseriesofsocialproblems”,and“do”=“bringabout”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:,Accordingtoarecentofficialsurvey,peoplespreferenceforcyberromancemaybelinkedtotheirlifestyles,andtherefore,islikelytobringaboutaseriesofsocialproblems.,根据最近一次的官方调查，人们对网恋的偏爱可能与其生活方式相关，因而可能会带来一系列的社会问题。,ProductivePatternAccordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,XmaybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodoZ.,.,妨碍；阻止,interferewithdoingsth./sth.,对产生不良影响,takea/itstollon,消减；减少,cutbackon,偷工减料；草草行事,cutcorners,逐渐地；一点点地,bitbybit,挑灯夜战；开夜车,burnthemidnightoil,退出；脱离,dropout,继续感到；继续相信,holdonto,FurtherDevelopmentEightlexicalcollocations,.,emotionalproblems;seriously;studentperformance,Emotionalproblemsmayseriouslyinterferewithstudentperformance.,感情问题有可能严重干扰学习成绩。,LexicalCollocationinterferewithdoingsth./sth.,.,medicalstudies;onesmentalhealth;b