定语从句解析与练习

高一英语期末复习定语从句一. 1.定语从句在复合句中作定语，用修饰句子中某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 2.定语从句的位置：放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. ( 手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) 3.定语从句的相关名称：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who、whom、 whose、 as (没有what) 称为关系代词, where、when、why (没有how) 为关系副词。 This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for 先行词 关系词 定语从句4.定语从句关系词的作用：1.起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 2.同时在从句中又充当句子成分，3.替代先行词 。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)二. 定语从句的种类： 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,从句对主句起修饰限定作用，去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,从句对主句起补充说明作用，去掉定语从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)定语从句的各个关系词：1who, whom引导的定语从句 who, whom用于代替人。who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语，在限制性定语中可以省略，在口语中可用who代替whom。 The man who wrote this book is a friend of mine. Is that the boy（whom / who）you spoke of the other day ?2which引导的定语从句 which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，在限制性定语中作宾语中可以省略。 He is driving a car which can travel 150 miles an hour. The clock（which）my grandfather bought is still in good order.3that引导的定语从句 that指人或指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 He is a man that / who means what he says. 他是个说话算数的人。 The pictures（that / which）I had taken won the first prize.He doesnt seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去大不一样。（that代替the man作was的表语）4whose引导的定语从句whose指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时可与of which互换使用，指人时可与of whom互换使用. I have a classmate whose father is a mayor. I live in the house whose windows face south. I live in the house the windows of which face south. = of which the windows face south We looked at the tower whose tip was golden= the tip of which was golden.5关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句 when, where, why引导的定语从句，分别修饰表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并分别在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语。关系副词也可以根据在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词+which”的结构。 I shall never forget the day when / on which I entered the university. Is that the factory where / in which you worked two years ago ? That is the reason why（that / for which）Im in favour of the plan.6“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 用在介词后面关系代词是whom, which, whose。 He is telling a story of Lei Feng of whom every one of us is proud. They tired to think of a plan, by which they could complete the task ahead of time. Please tell the chief manager from whose room his secretary took away all the important papers. 定语从句中的介词通常置于关系代词之前，也可在从句谓语动词之后。但是含有介词的短语动词一般不可拆开，介词仍放在动词之后。 in which I worked The company which / that）I worked in is going from bad to worse. Your rudeness, which we have put up with too long, is beginning. to annoy our customers. 你的粗鲁，这我们早就受够了，现又在惹怒我们顾客。 （put up with“忍受”，是固定短语，不可将with与put up拆开） 7as与which用法比较 1）在非限制性定语从句中，as / which均可代替前面的整个句子。 The man was a teacher, as / which was abvious from his way of speaking. 由那个男人说话的样子，可明显看出他是个老师。 但由as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不可以。 As was expected, he performed the task successfully. 正如所预料的那样，他成功地完成了任务。 2）as作关系代词可用于the sameas, suchas句型中，as在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 Can you give such lectures as will interest us ? 你能不能作使我们感兴趣的讲座？ = Can you give the lectures which will interest us.（as代替lectures,作主语） Such people as you describe are rare nowdays.你描绘的这种人现在已很少见了。（ as代替people,作 describe 宾语） We are facing the same problems which we face years ago.（as代替problems,作宾语） 3）当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。 e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all. 使用定语从句应注意的问题： 1）必须用关系代词that的几种情况 a）先行词为something,nothing,all等不定代词；先行词被形容词最高级，序数词，only, very修饰 All（that）I want is peace and freedom. 我要的是和平和自由。 This is the very book that I have been longing to get. 这正是我一直渴望得到的书。 b）并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物 In his speech he talked of his experiences and his kind mother that impressed him deeply. 2）在非限制定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadnt met before. 3)用which而不用 that的情况:引导非限制性定语从句;代表整个主句的意思;介词 +关系代词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。 4）定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.5）关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.定语从句关系词的确定依据三点：1）引导的从句的限制性和非限制性2）所替代的先行词是人还是物3）从句中所缺的成分，若从句缺主语、宾语、表语，用关系代词。若从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，用关系副词。1. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whose D. whose2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. itB. whichC. this D. that3. In the dark street ,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help A. thatB. who C. from whom D. to whom4. The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. that D. it5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. whichB. where C. that D. when6Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. whenD. which7Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy. Awho BwhichCthis Dwhat 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its priceD. the price of whose9._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As B. ItC. ThatD. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A. thisB. whichC. thatD. same11. the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. A. whoseB. of which C. which D. its12.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A. whatB. which C. thatD. when13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. A. thatB. where C. which D. there14.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in whichB. in thatC. in whoseD. whose15. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which16. He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D.I think which is17.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. A. who B. whom C. what D. which18. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a grea