网路与资讯科技在网页设计上的应用ppt课件

.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,DesignPrinciple,1.Simplicity2.Support3.Familiarity4.Obviousness5.Encouragement6.Satisfaction7.Availability8.Safety9.Versatility10.Personalization11.Affinity,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,1.Simplicity:Dontcompromiseusabilityforfunction簡單明瞭-勿因功能而忽略使用性Keeptheinterfacesimpleandstraightforward.Usersbenefitfromfunctionthatiseasilyaccessibleandusable.Apoorlyorganizedinterfaceclutteredwithmanyadvancedfunctionsdistractsusersfromaccomplishingtheireverydaytasks.Awell-organizedinterfacethatsupportstheuserstasksfadesintothebackgroundandallowstheusertoworkefficiently.(簡單,明瞭,效率)Basicfunctionsshouldbeimmediatelyapparent,whileadvancedfunctionsmaybelessobvioustonewusers.Functionshouldbeincludedonlyifataskanalysisshowsitisneeded.Therefore,keepthenumberofobjectsandactionstoaminimumwhilestillallowinguserstoaccomplishtheirtasks(基本功能需顯而易見,進階功能在需要時要找得到),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,2.Support:Placetheuserincontrolandprovideproactiveassistance支援性:讓使用者主動控制,並提供主動的援助Togiveuserscontroloverthesystem,enablethemtoaccomplishtasksusinganysequenceofstepsthattheywouldnaturallyuse.Dontlimitthembyartificiallyrestrictingtheirchoicestoyournotionofthecorrectsequence.Thesystemshouldalsoallowuserstoestablishandmaintainaworkingcontext,orframeofreference.Thecurrentstateofthesystemandtheactionsthatuserscanperformshouldbeobvious.Usersshouldbeabletoleavetheirsystemsforamomentoradayandfindthesystemsinthesamefamiliarstatewhentheyreturn.Thiscontextualframeworkcontributestotheirfeelingofstability.(整體架構勿常翻修,否則使用者會找不到他所要的東西)(“個人”電腦?為甚麼別人的電腦會很難用),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,3.Familiarity:Buildonuserspriorknowledge熟悉感-根植於使用者的先前的知識consistentlythroughoutaninterface,canempowertheusertoaccomplishalargenumberoftasks.Conceptsandtechniquescanbelearnedonceandthenappliedinavarietyofsituations.Usersshouldnothavetolearnnewthingstoperformfamiliartasks.Theuseofconceptsandtechniquesthatusersalreadyunderstandfromtheirrealworldexperiencesallowsthemtogetstartedquicklyandmakeprogressimmediately.(讓使用者一次就上手)Themetaphorsusedintodaysuserinterfacestendtobeinadequatewhencomparedtotherealworld.Throughtheuseofvisualsandinteractiontechniquesthatmorecloselyresembleusersrealworldexperiences,thereshouldbelittleneedtocontinuerelianceonsuchmetaphors.(別用太多暗喻)Inthepast,designerstendedtoinvokeaprincipleofconsistencywhennosingledesignalternativeappearedtobethebestanswer.Bychoosingtobeconsistentwithsomethingtheuseralreadyunderstands,aninterfacecanbemadeeasiertolearn,moreproductive,andevenfuntouse.(網頁設計已邁入成熟期,燦爛後歸於平淡,設計應在平凡中見不平凡),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,4.Obviousness:Makeobjectsandtheircontrolsvisibleandintuitive讓符號明顯而好用Whereyoucan,usereal-worldrepresentationsintheinterface.Real-worldrepresentationsandnaturalinteractions(directaction)givetheinterfaceafamiliarlookandfeelandcanmakeitmoreintuitivetolearnanduse.Aswemovetowardreal-worldrepresentations,relianceonsuchcomputerartifactsshoulddecline.(符號設計應能讓人以直覺即知如何使用)Thecontrolsofthesystemshouldbeclearlyvisibleandtheirfunctionsidentifiable.Visualrepresentationsprovidecuesandremindersthathelpusersunderstandroles,rememberrelationships,andrecognizewhatthecomputerisdoing.Forexample,thenumberedbuttonsonthetelephoneobjectindicatethattheycanbeusedtokeyinatelephonenumber.(符號操作模式需考慮到一般的刻板印象)ForExample:Trashcan,Telephone,A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,5.Encouragement:Makeactionspredictableandreversible鼓勵使用者嘗試:讓按按鈕後的反應可預期,並可回復Usersshouldfeelconfidentinexploring,knowingtheycantryanaction,viewtheresult,andundotheactioniftheresultisunacceptable.Usersfeelmorecomfortablewithinterfacesinwhichtheiractionsdonotcauseirreversibleconsequences.(須可Undo,或有測試區)Avoidbundlingactionstogether,becausetheusermaynotanticipatethesideeffect.Forexample,ifauserchoosestocancelarequesttosendanote,onlythesendrequestshouldbecancelled.Donotbundleanotheraction,suchasdeletionofthenote,withthecancelrequest.Ratherthanimplementingcompositeactions,makeactionsindependentandprovidewaystoallowuserstocombinethemwhentheywish.(一個按紐勿有兩個指令,即使概念相似,讓功能明確而獨立),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,6.Satisfaction:Createafeelingofprogressandachievement讓使用者感到進步或有成就感Allowtheusertomakeuninterruptedprogressandenjoyasenseofaccomplishment.Reflecttheresultsofactionsimmediately;anydelayintrudesonuserstasksanderodesconfidenceinthesystem.Immediatefeedbackallowsuserstoassesswhethertheresultswerewhattheyexpectedandtotakealternativeactionimmediately.(讓使用者享受流暢的操控感,能快速反應的模式與功能,I.e.backbuttononExplorer)Offerapreviewoftheresultsofanactionwhenitwouldbeinconvenientforausertoapplytheactionandthenreverseit.(如photoshop的濾鏡)Avoidsituationswhereusersmaybeworkingwithinformationthatisnotup-to-date.Informationshouldbeupdatedimmediatelyorrefreshedassoonaspossiblesothatusersarenotmakingincorrectdecisionsorassumptions.(顯示目前真實狀況,並在施以動作後能有所反應),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,7.Availability:MakeallobjectsavailableatalltimesUsersshouldbeabletousealloftheirobjectsinanysequenceandatanytime.Avoidtheuseofmodes,thosestatesoftheinterfaceinwhichnormallyavailableactionsarenolongeravailable,orinwhichanactioncausesdifferentresultsthanitnormallydoes.(相同的操作程序應有相同的結果)Modesrestricttheusersabilitytointeractwiththesystem.Forexample,oneofthemostcommonusesofmodesinmenu-drivensystemsisthemodaldialogbox(suchasPrintandSaveas)usedtorequestcommandparameters.Modaldialogstendtolockusersoutoftheirsystem;tocontinue,usersmustcomplete-orcancel-themodaldialog.Ifusersneedtorefertosomethinginanunderlyingwindowtocompletethedialog,theymustcancelthedialog,accesstheinformationtheyneedandre-invokethedialog.(部份對話框有獨佔性,妨礙到對於其它功能的操作),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,8.Safety:Keeptheuseroutoftrouble安全性:讓使用者遠離困擾Usersshouldbeprotectedfrommakingerrors.Theburdenofkeepingtheuseroutoftroublerestsonthedesigner.Theinterfaceshouldprovidevisualcues,reminders,listsofchoices,andotheraids,eitherautomaticallyoronrequest.Humansaremuchbetteratrecognitionthanrecall.(視覺再認比再回想容易許多)Usersshouldneverhavetorelyontheirownmemoryforsomethingthesystemalreadyknows,suchasprevioussettings,filenames,andotherinterfacedetails.Iftheinformationisinthesysteminanyform,thesystemshouldprovideit.(讓操作過的記錄能暫時保留,減輕記憶負擔)Two-waycommunicationmaybenecessaryattimestoallowuserstoclarifyorconfirmrequests,ortoremedyaproblem.Forinstance,spellcheck(從旁提示,但不佔據資源),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,9.Versatility:Supportalternateinteractiontechniques多用途,多選項Nosinglemethodisbestforeverysituation.(沒有單一方法可適用於所有情況,就如沒有單一軟體可解決所有問題)Usersshouldbeallowedtoswitchbetweenmethodstoaccomplishasingleinteraction.Forexample,allowtheusertoswipe-selectusingthemouse,thentoadjusttheselectionusingthekeyboard.(提供多樣的輸入選擇)Providingarangeofinteractiontechniquesrecognizesthatusersareindividualswithdifferentabilitiesandsituations.Thedifferencesincludedisabilities,preferences,andworkenvironments.(個人化的選擇,A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,10.Personalization:AllowuserstocustomizeTheinterfaceshouldbetailorabletoindividualusersneedsanddesires.Notwousersareexactlyalike.Usershavevaryingbackgrounds,interests,motivations,levelsofexperience,andphysicalabilities.Customizationcanhelpmakeaninterfacefeelcomfortableandfamiliar.(如工作環境設定,快速鍵)Inanenvironmentwheremultipleusersareusingasharedmachine,allowtheuserstocreatetheirownsystempersonalityandmakeiteasytoresetthesystem.Inanenvironmentwhereoneusermaybeusingmanycomputers,makepersonalizationinformationportablesotheusercancarrythat“personality”fromonesystemtoanother.(可登入為不同使用者,可易於還原),A.DesignPrinciple,.,DesigningLargeScaleWebSite,11.Affinity:Bringobjectstolifethroughgood