初中英语阅读理解解题技巧ppt课件

.,初中英语阅读理解解题技巧,TengxianNO.5JuniorSchool,ReadingSkill,.,一、初中阅读理解考查的主要内容。,题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。,.,二、问题设置上可以分为四种类型,直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。此类猜测词义的题目，要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。,.,推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系。,.,概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题思想，标题或目的。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。,.,三、阅读理解题的解题技巧。,1获取段落的主旨和大意。最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。,.,在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：1）主题句在段首。这种情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文,议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。2）主题句在段末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。,.,2.根据上下文猜测词义。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。,.,3.确定细节和事实。在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。,.,4.进行合理推断。所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。,.,其类型主要有以下几种：1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。3）,.,3)逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。,.,Passage1,Henrywasanofficeworkerinabigcity.Heworkedveryhardandenjoyedtravelinginhisholidays.Heusuallywenttotheseaside,butoneyearhesawanadvertisementinanewspaper.“Enjoycountrylife.SpendafewweeksatWestHillFarm.Goodfood.Freshair.Horseriding.Walking.Fishing.Cheapandinteresting.”“Thissoundsagoodidea,”hethought.“IllspendamonthatWestHillFarm.IthinkIcanenjoyhorseriding,walkingandfishing.Theyllmakeachangefromsittingbytheseasideandswimming.”Hewrotetothefarmer.IntheletterhesaidthathewouldliketospendallofJulythere.ThenonthefirstofJuly,heleftforWestHillFarm.Butfourdayslater,hereturnedhome.“WhatwaswrongwithWestHillFarm?”hisbestfriend,Ed,askedhim.“Didntyouenjoycountrylife?”,.,“Countrylifewasverygood,”Henrysaid.“Buttherewasanotherproblem.”“Oh.What?”“Well,”hesaid,“thefirstdayIwasthereasheepdied,andwehadroastmuttonfordinner.”“Whatswrongwiththat?”Edasked.“Freshmeatisthebest.”“Iknow,butontheseconddayacowdied,andwehadroastbeeffordinner.”“Luckyyou!”“Youdontunderstand,”Henrysaid.“Onthethirddayapigdiedandwehadroastporkfordinner.”“Adifferentmeateveryday,”Edsaidloudly,“andyouarecomplaining!”“Letmefinish,”Henrysaid.“Onthefourthdaythefarmerdied,andIdidntdare(敢)stayfordinner!”,.,根据短文内容，选择最佳答案填写在横线上,1.HowdidHenryfindoutaboutthefarm?A.Hesawitinanewspaperadvertisement.B.Hisbestfriendtoldhim.C.Hewrotetothefarmer.D.Maybehelearneditfromtheradio.2.Henrycamebackhomeseveraldayslaterbecause_.A.hedidntlikethecountrylifeatallB.thefarmerwasntfriendlytohimC.hisholidaywasoverD.hethoughthemighthavetoeatthefarmer3.“andyouarecomplaining!”,theword“complain”means_.A.夸奖B.说三道四C.抱怨D.故弄玄虚4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?A.Edcouldeatadifferentkindofmeateveryday.B.Henrythoughthecouldenjoyachange.C.Henrycouldntthinkofanythingelsetodo,sohewenttothefarm.D.Thefarmerdiedbecauseofthebadmeatheate.5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Whatabeautifulfarm!B.Haveagoodtime.C.AshortholidayD.Henryandthefarmer.,.,Threetravelers,Allan,CarlandPaulweresittingonthechairsinatrainstation.Theywerewaitingforatrainthatwasverylate.Topassthetime,theybegantalkingtoeachother.Atfirst,theytalkedabouttheweatherandtheirwork.ThenPaulsaid,Tellmewhatwouldyoumostliketodoifyourdoctortellyouthatyouhaveonlythreemonthstolive?Theothertwomenthoughtaboutthisforawhile,thenCarlspoke.“Well,”hesaid,“ifIhaveonlythreemonthstolive,Illtakeallmymoneyoutofthebankandgotoforeigncountriesforholidayswithmybestfriend,Erik.Idliketotraveltotheplacesintheworldasmanyaspossible.AndIllstayatthebesthotelsandtheneatthebestfood.IthinkIllhaveawonderfultime.”,Passage2,.,“Thatsveryinteresting.”Paulsaid.Withthesewords,heturnedtotheotherman,saying,“Andwhataboutyou?”“Illtellyouasecret,”Allansaid.“Ialwayswanttobearacingdriver.SoifIhaveonlythreemonthstolive,thefirstthingIdliketodoistosellmyhouse.WiththemoneyIllbuythefastestcarintheworld.MaybeIcanenterallthebigmotorraces.”Thenhelaughed,Imightevenendup(以而告终)worldchampion.”“Nowitsyourturn,”Allanwenton,“Ifyourdoctortellyouthebadnews,whatwouldyoumostliketodo?”“Oh,”saidPaulwithasmile.“Illgoandseeanotherdoctor.”,.,1.Thethreemenweretalking_.A.inthepostofficeB.inthewaitingroomC.onthetrainD.onthechairs2.Themancalled_answeredthequestionfirst.A.CarlB.AllanC.ErikD.Paul3.Themenbegantotalkabouttheweatherandtheworkbecausethey_.A.didntknowanythingnewB.wantedtopassthetimequicklyC.hadnothingtodoD.wereveryinterestedineachotherswork4.Imightevenendupworldchampion.Herethewordchampionmeans_inChinese.A.名人B.赛车手C.大款D.冠军5.Whichsentenceisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetraindidntarriveontime.B.Paulwantedtobuyaracingcarverymuch.C.Allanwasthesecondmantoanswerthequestion.D.Carldidntliketravelingatall.,.,Passage3AnEnglishtravelerfoundhimselfinNorwaywithonlyenoughmoneytobuytheticketforhisjourneybackhome.AsheknewthatitwouldtakehimonlytwodaystogettoEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilyspendthetimewithoutfood.Soheboughtaticketandgotontheship.Themanclosedhisearstothesoundofthelunchbell.Whendinnertimecame,hedidntgotodinningroom,sayingthathewasnotfeelingverywell.Thenextmorninghestilldidnthavebreakfastandatlunchtimeheagainstayedinhisroom.Butatdinnertimehewassohungrythathewenttothedinningroomandateeverythingthewaiterputinfrontofhim.Hegotreadyforthequarrel.“Bringmethebill,”hesaid.“Thebill,sir?”saidthewaiterinsurprise.“Thereisntanybill.Onourshipmealsareincluded(包括)inthemoneyfortheticket,”saidthewaiter.,.,1.Thestoryhappened_.A.inEnglandB.onashipfromNorwaytoEnglandC.inNorwayD.onashipfromEnglandtoNorway2.Whydidntthetravelergotothedinningroomfirst?A.BecausehehadnomoneyB.BecausehedidntfeelverywellC.BecausehedidntwanttoeatanythingD.Becausehedidnthearthesoundofthebell3.Thetravelerwenttothedinningroomtoeatsomethingbecause_.A.hisfriendhadgivenhimsomemoneyB.thewaiterhadaskedhimtochangehismindC.helearnedthattherewasnobillontheshipD.hewastoohungry4.Howmanymealsdidthetravelerhaveontheship?A.OnlyoneB.TwoC.ThreeD.None5.Afterthetravelerfinishedeating,_.A.hehadaquarrelwithwaiteroverthebillB.hedrankalotC.heaskedthewaitertobringhimthechange(零钱)D.hecametoknowthattravelersontheshiphadfreemeals,.,Passage4,Afarmerhadacow.Hetookverygoodcareofthiscowandonedaywhenitwasill,hewasveryworried.Hetelephonedthevet.“Whatstheproblem?”Thevetaskedhimwhenhearrived.“Mycowsill,”thefarmersaid.“Idontknowwhatsthematterwithher.Sheslyingdownandwonteat.Shesmakingastrangenoise.”Thevetlookedoverthecow.Shescertainlyill,hesaid,andsheneedstotakesomeverystrongmedicine.Hetookabottleoutofhisbox,puttwopillsintohishandandsaid,Giveherthese.Thepillsshouldmakeherbetter.,.,“HowshouldIgivethemtoher?”thefarmerasked.Thevetgavehimatube(管子)andsaid,Putthistubeinhermouth,thenputthepillsinthetubeandblow.Thatllmakeit.Thenextdaythevetcametothefarmagain.Thefarmerwassittingoutsidehishouseandlookedmoreworried.“Howsyourcow?”thevetasked.“Nochange,”thefarmersaid,“andImfeelingverystrangemyself.”“Oh?”thevetsaid,Why?“Ididwhatyousaid,”thefarmeranswered.“Iputthetubeinthecowsmouthandthenputtwopillsdownit.”“And?”thevetasked.“Thecowblewfirst,”thefarmersaid.,.,1.Inthestory,thevetmustbe_.A.thefarmersfriendB.amilkfactoryC.ahospitalforcowsD.adoctorforanimals2.Thefarmeraskedthevetforhelpwhenhiscow_A.couldntliedownB.didnteatthepillsC.couldntmakeanynoiseD.wasill3.Whatmedicinedidthevetgivethefarmer?A.Bottleofpills.B.Alongtube.C.Twopills.D.Asmallbox.4.Thevettaughtthefarmerhow_.A.toblowthetubeB.tomakethecowtakethepillsC.totakethemedicineD.toputthetubeinhismouth5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thefarmeratethepillshimself.B.Thecowgotbetteraftertakingthemedicine.C.Thevetcametohelpfarmerchangethecowthenextday.D.Thefarmerwaitedforthevetoutsidehishousethenextday.,.,Passage5,Babieslovechocolateandsometimestheyalsoeatthepaperaroundit.Mycatenjoysamealofgood,thickpaper,oldletters,forexample.ShedoesnotlikenewspapersverymuchOfcourse,thebestpapercomesfromwood.Woodcomesfromtrees,andtreesareplants.Vegetablesandfruitareplants,too,andweeatalotofthem.Socanwealsoeatwoodandpaper?Scientistssay,Allfoodcomesinsomewayfromplants.Well,isthattrue