英语公开课.1(名词性从句)ppt课件

.,语法名词性从句,nounclause,.,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),英语句子概论,.,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,.,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,.,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom,2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome,定语从句,状语从句,3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,.,NounClauses(名词性从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,.,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,.,ObjectClauses宾语从句,.,ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,if,when,where,how,why,.,一、连词（引导词）1.that1.当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。,Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,.,3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。,(1).Lilywantedtoknow_hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Letssee_wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedme-shecouldborrowthesebooks.,注意whether和if的使用区别:,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.whether/if,if/whether,if/whether,if/whether,.,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_Ishouldgo.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_togo.,whether,.,3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Doyouknow-hesaidjustnow?Idontremember-wearrived.Iaskedhim-Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme-wehavetosee.Doyouknow-timetheplaneleaves?,what,when,where,whowhom,what,.,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,Iknowhe_-here.(live)Iknowhe-heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe-tomorrow.(come),2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwho-here.(live)Isawshe_-hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe_it.(see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearth-aroundthesun.（travel）,lives,lived,willcome,travels,lived,wastalkingwith,wouldcomeback,hadseen,.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1.Idontknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.2.Idontknowwhodidit.3.Idontknowwhoishe,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,.,WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.,2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.,注意：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们觉得很奇怪)shedidntgotoschooltoday.,Wethinkitstrangethat,.,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,.,5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,.,8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo,B,C,D,.,SubjectClauses主语从句,.,ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,when,where,how,why,.,1.iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity(你错过了这次机会),Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,二whether是否，表不确定的事情.,引导词,Thatweshallbelate,hurtshimsomuch.（她离开他）,一.that_-只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。没有意义。,1).Thatshelefthim,_isnoteasytosay(他是否会来这）,2)Whetherhewillcomehere,(Ifhewillcomehere.),3)_ismorepractice.(我们所需要的）,what在从句中作宾语。,4）isunderdiscussion.,When在从句中作状语,Whatweneed,Whenwewillbeginthemeeting,“if”不能引导主语从句,三。其他疑问词,.,注意一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:Itis+adj/nthat(strange/apity)Itis+vedthat.(said/reported.,由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,也常常后置:,.,Whowilldoit_beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds_thatbook.Whatheneeds_somebooks.,is,are,注意三：What与that引导主语从句,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。.,(1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_sheisstillaliveisapuzzle,What,That,注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数,注意二,What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,.,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto,.,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,.,PredicativeClauses表语从句,.,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,asif/asthough,when,where,how,why.because,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,表语从句,Thequestionis_wecanrelyonhim.Thats_wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked_hewasgoingtocry.Thats_Iwaslate.,whether,because,asif,why,.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,.,appositiveClauses同位语从句,.,同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用连词：that;when,where,why,how,e.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。,WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.,Itsthequestionhowhedidit.,3同位语从句多用that引导，无意义，不可省。,2.问题是他如何做这件事的,4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,.,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,定语从句,同位语从句,3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等,2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”,3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.,2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,.,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),.,1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that,B,A,B,3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason,4_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever,5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat,D,A,.,6-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited,A,A,.,._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,A,B,.,12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,.,14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,.,16.Shereceivedthemessage_hewouldcomebyplane