[机械设计自动化精品] 某型号起重机滑轮组设计 起重机发展史、分类及前景 英文文献及翻译

2011A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9毕业设计中英文翻译起重机发展史、分类及前景学生姓名学号学院机械工程与自动化学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师2011年5月2011A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19CRANEHISTORY,CLASSIFICATIONANDPROSPECTSCONCEPTCRANECRANEISAKINDOFLIFTING,ISAFORLOOPINTERMITTENTMOTIONMACHINERYAWORKCYCLE,INCLUDINGEXTRACTPLANTEXTRACTTOTHEITEMSFROMTHEINSTITUTE,THENMOVETOTHEDESIGNATEDLOCATIONLOWEREDTHELEVELOFITEMSTHEN,THEREVERSEMOVEMENT,BACKTOEXTRACTDEVICEINSITUFORTHENEXTCYCLEUSUALLYBYTHECRANEHOISTINGMECHANISMTHEITEMSUPANDDOWNMOVEMENT,OPERATINGAGENCIESTHELIFTINGMOVEMENT,LUFFINGANDSLEWINGMECHANISMTHEARTICLESFORTHEHORIZONTALMOVEMENT,COUPLEDWITHTHEMETALBODYPOWERPLANT,CONTROLANDMANIPULATIONOFACOMBINATIONOFTHENECESSARYAUXILIARYEQUIPMENTTYPEINTHEBRIDGEUSEDINTHECONSTRUCTIONCRANE,ACCORDINGTOITSSTRUCTUREANDPROPERTIESOFDIFFERENTCANBEDIVIDEDINTOLIGHTANDSMALLLIFTINGEQUIPMENT,BRIDGETYPECRANEANDJIBTYPECRANETHREECATEGORIESSMALLSIZEDLIFTINGEQUIPMENTSUCHASJACK,GOURD,WINCHANDSOONSUCHASTHETYPEOFCRANEGIRDERBRIDGECRANES,GANTRYCRANESTYPEOFCRANEBOOM,SUCHASFIXEDSLEWINGCRANES,TOWERCRANE,CRANE,TIRES,CRAWLERCRANESWITHINACERTAINRANGETOENHANCETHEVERTICALANDHORIZONTALMULTIACTIONHEAVYLIFTINGCRANEALSOKNOWNASTHECRANEAREMATERIALHANDLINGMACHINERYCRANESWORKISCHARACTERIZEDBYINTERMITTENTEXERCISETODO,THATISEXPECTEDTOTAKEAWORKCYCLE,MIGRATION,UNLOADINGTHECORRESPONDINGBODYISALTERNATELYMOVESTHEWORKPROTOTYPECRANEANCIENTCHINESEIRRIGATIONOFFARMLANDISUSEDORANGEPROTOTYPETYPECRANESTHE14THCENTURY,WESTERNEUROPE,HUMANANDANIMALDRIVENEMERGENCEOFTHEROTATIONTYPECRANESEARLY19THCENTURY,THEREBRIDGECRANEIMPORTANTWEARPARTSSUCHASCRANESHAFTSPREADERANDOTHERGEARANDBEGANTOUSEMETALMATERIALS,ANDINTRODUCINGTHEHYDRAULICDRIVETHELATE19THCENTURY,GRADUALLYREPLACEDSTEAMDRIVENCRANECRANEWITHHYDRAULICDRIVE20THCENTURY,20S,THEELECTRICALINDUSTRYANDTHERAPID2011A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19INDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINES,TOMOTORORINTERNALCOMBUSTIONPOWERPLANTBASICALLYFORMEDOFVARIOUSCRANESCRANESINCLUDEHOISTINGMECHANISM,RUNINSTITUTIONS,LUFFING,SLEWINGMECHANISMANDMETALSTRUCTURECRANEHOISTINGMECHANISMISTHEBASICWORKINGBODYMOSTLYFORMEDBYTHEHANGINGSYSTEMANDWINCH,ALSOLIFTHEAVYOBJECTSTHROUGHTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMOPERATINGAGENCIESTOADJUSTTHEVERTICALORHORIZONTALTRANSPORTHEAVYCRANESWORKINGPOSITION,GENERALLYBYTHEMOTOR,REDUCER,BRAKEANDWHEELCOMPONENTSLUFFINGJIBCRANEINONLYWITH,THEWHENLOOKEDUPANDBOOMAMPLITUDEANDBENTOVERWHENTHERATEINCREASES,POINTSAMPLITUDEBALANCEBOTHAMPLITUDEANDNONEQUILIBRIUMSLEWINGMECHANISMFORROTATINGTHEARM,BYTHEDRIVEANDTHEROTARYBEARINGDEVICECOMPOSITIONCRANEMETALSTRUCTUREISTHESKELETON,MAINBEARINGPARTSSUCHASBRIDGE,ARMANDTHEDOORFRAMESTRUCTUREORFORTHEBOXTRUSSSTRUCTURE,BUTALSOFORWEBSTRUCTURE,SOMEAREAVAILABLEASSUPPORTINGSTEELBEAMSCRANEACCORDINGTOTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEDIFFERENTCLASSIFICATIONCRANEBEAM1BEAMCRANEOVERARECTANGULARSPACEINITSOPERATIONS,USEDFORWORKSHOPS,WAREHOUSE,OPENYARDLOADINGANDUNLOADINGOFGOODS,ETC,ABEAMCRANE,CRANE,GANTRYCRANES,CRANE,CARRYINGBRIDGESBEAMCRANEBEAMCRANESINCLUDINGSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEANDDOUBLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANESINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEGIRDERBRIDGEOFTHEWORDTOUSEMORESTEELORSTEELTYPEANDSTEELCOMPOSITESECTIONCRABOFTENHANDCHAINHOIST,HOISTELECTRICHOISTORLIFTINGMECHANISMASASSEMBLEDPARTSSUPPORTEDBYBRIDGETYPEANDTHEHANGINGOFTWOTHEFORMERBRIDGECRANEBEAMALONGTHEORBITVEHICLESTHELATTERSUSPENSIONBRIDGEALONGTHEROOFOFTHEPLANTUNDERTHECRANETRACKSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEPOINTSMANUALLY,ELECTRIC2011A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19TWOMANUALSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEOPERATINGSPEEDOFTHELOWERBODY,STARTINGWEIGHTISALSOSMALLER,BUTTHEIRQUALITYISSMALL,FACILITATETHEORGANIZATIONOFPRODUCTION,LOWCOST,WHENTHEPOWERHANDLINGCAPACITYFORNONSMALL,SPEEDANDPRODUCTIVITYFORLESSDEMANDINGAPPLICATIONSMANUALSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEWITHMANUALMONORAILCARASARUNNINGCAR,HANDPULLHOISTASTHELIFTINGBODYBRIDGEFROMTHEMAINBEAMANDSIDEBEAMSFORMEDGENERALLYUSETHESINGLEMAINBEAMIBEAM,ENDBEAMISBENTSHAPEWITHASTEELORWELDEDSTEELPLATEELECTRICSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANESPEED,HIGHERPRODUCTIVITYTHANMANUAL,FROMTHEWEIGHTASWELLELECTRICSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEBYTHEBRIDGE,TRAVELINGMECHANISM,ELECTRICHOISTANDELECTRICALEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSBRIDGECRANEOVERHEADBRIDGECRANEISABRIDGEINTHEORBITOFABRIDGECRANE,ALSOKNOWNASTHECRANETHEBRIDGECRANELAYALONGTHEELEVATEDTRACKINTHEVERTICALSIDESOFRUNSLIFTINGTROLLEYALONGTHETRACKLAIDONTHEBRIDGEONTHEHORIZONTALRUNTHESCOPEOFWORKCONSTITUTESARECTANGULAR,CANTAKEFULLADVANTAGEOFTHESPACEUNDERTHELIFTINGBRIDGEMATERIALSGROUNDEQUIPMENTISNOTHINDEREDBRIDGECRANEISWIDELYUSEDININDOORANDOUTDOORSTORAGE,PLANT,PIERANDOPENSTORAGEYARD,ETCOVERHEADCRANEBRIDGECRANECANBEDIVIDEDINTOORDINARY,SIMPLEBEAMBRIDGECRANEANDMETALLURGICALTHREESPECIALCRANEGENERALBRIDGECRANELIFTINGTROLLEYGENERALLY,BRIDGERUNINSTITUTIONS,BRIDGETHEMETALSTRUCTURESCRABANDTHEHOISTINGMECHANISM,CARRUNINSTITUTIONSANDSMALLFRAMEOFTHREEPARTS2011A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19LIFTINGMECHANISMINCLUDINGMOTORS,BRAKES,REDUCER,REELSANDPULLEYSMOTORTHROUGHREDUCER,DRIVENDRUMROTATION,THEROPEAROUNDTHEDRUMORFROMTHEREELDOWN,TOLIFTHEAVYOBJECTSISSUPPORTINGFORSMALLFRAMEANDINSTALLATIONOFLIFTINGTHECARTORUNINSTITUTIONS,AGENCIESANDCHASSISCOMPONENTS,USUALLYWELDEDSTRUCTURE2CA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