骨关节影像学诊断基础知识ppt课件.ppt

骨关节影像学基础知识,1,骨关节影像学检查方法,2,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Plainfilm,3,CT,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,4,MR,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5,Angiography,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,6,Plainfilm,Fracture,7,CT,Osteomyelitis,Chondrosarcoma,8,MR,Chondrosarcoma,9,骨关节正常影像学表现,10,Transverseforamen,Intervertebralforamen,Thevertebralarterygoesthroughthesixthtothefirsttransverseforamen;Thereintheseventhtransverseforamenistherootofbrachialplexus.,11,12,13,14,15,16,骨基本病变的种类,1、骨质疏松2、骨质软化3、骨质破坏4、骨质增生硬化5、骨膜增生6、骨与软骨内钙化7、骨质坏死8、矿物质沉积；、骨胳变形；、周围软组织病变。,17,是指一定单位体积内正常钙化的骨组织减少。组织学变化是骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少，哈氏管扩大。X线表现：骨密度减低，骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少。常见于老年人，骨结核，类风湿，甲旁亢,骨质疏松,18,骨质疏松,正常,甲旁亢,正常,19,正常,老年性骨质疏松,20,4岁.骨结核,骨质疏松,Normal,Osteoporosisdenotesthatthediseaseischronicandsothatisbenign.,正常,21,骨质疏松,Normal,甲旁亢,Normal,22,甲旁亢,Normal,Osteoporosis,Normal,骨膜下骨吸收,23,骨质疏松,（hypercortisolism）Cushing综合征,24,Normal,骨质疏松,Normal,类风湿,25,Osteoporosis,Normal,老年骨质疏松,Normal,26,骨质软化,1.定义一定单位体积内骨组织有机成分正常，而矿物质含量减少。组织学变化：骨小梁中央部分钙化，外周未钙化2.X线表现骨密度减低（腰椎和骨盆最明显），骨小梁模糊，变形-下肢弯曲、骨盆畸形、假骨折线3.原因骨软化症（成人）佝偻病（生长期）,27,佝偻病,Normal,28,佝偻病,Normal,29,佝偻病,30,佝偻病,Normal,31,佝偻病,骨质软化症,32,Normal,骨质软化症,33,骨质破坏,骨质破坏是局部骨质为病理组织所替代而造成的骨组织消失，可见于炎症，结核，肿瘤，肿瘤样病变，缺血坏死，内分泌疾病等,34,骨质破坏,Normal,骨巨细胞瘤,Normal,35,骨质破坏,Normal,骨转移瘤,Normal,36,骨质破坏,脊椎结核,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,37,骨质破坏,Normal,骨髓炎,Normal,38,甲旁亢,骨质破坏,Normal,Normal,39,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Bonedestruction,40,Bonedestruction,非骨化性纤维瘤,平片,CT,41,Bonedestruction,Normal,骨肉瘤,Normal,42,Normal,Normal,多发性骨髓瘤,Bonedestruction,43,Normal,Normal,Bonedestruction,骨转移瘤,44,Bonedestruction,骨转移瘤,45,骨质坏死(necrosisofbone),是骨组织局部代谢的停止，坏死的骨质称为死骨（sequestrum)。死骨可见于化脓性骨髓炎、结核、缺血坏死、外伤、恶性骨肿瘤；以前者多见。,46,sequestrum,骨髓炎,Diedofhematosepsis,47,骨髓炎,死骨,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,48,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,49,Normal,Normal,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,50,骨结核,死骨,CT,51,死骨,骨结核,52,死骨,骨脓肿,53,sequestrum,股骨头缺血坏死,54,Normal,舟骨缺血坏死,sequestrum,Normal,55,是指一定单位体积内骨质数量增多，变致密。骨质硬化的原因很多。,骨质硬化,56,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,57,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,58,骨肉瘤骨转移,Osteosclerosis,59,腰椎成骨转移,Osteosclerosis,60,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,“layercake”sign,61,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,62,Osteosclerosis,骨肉瘤,63,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,64,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,65,甲旁减,Osteosclerosis,66,强直性脊柱炎,Osteosclerosis,67,骨膜反应,68,Periostealreaction,Fracture,69,Periostealreaction,骨髓炎,70,Periostealreaction,疲劳骨折,71,尤文氏肉瘤,Periostealreaction,72,骨肉瘤,Periostealreaction,73,Periostealtriangle,骨肉瘤,74,骨膜三角（Codman三角）,X-rayfilm,MRI-TIWI,Specimen,75,骨膜下血肿,Periostealtriangle,76,静脉曲张,Periostealtriangle,77,梅毒,Periostealreaction,78,骨与软组织内钙化,79,Ossificationinboneandcartilage,软骨肉瘤,80,骨梗死,81,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,82,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,83,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,84,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨瘤,85,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨瘤,86,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨肉瘤,87,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨软骨瘤,88,矿物质沉积,89,铅中毒,Depositofmineralsalt,90,Depositofmineralsalt,慢性磷中毒,concentriccircles,91,氟骨症,Depositofmineralsalt,92,骨骼变形,93,Metamorphoseofbone,慢性骨髓炎,佝偻病,94,Metamorphoseofbone,95,骨纤维异常增殖症,Metamorphoseofbone,96,骨周围软组织病变,97,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,98,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,99,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,骨化性肌炎,100,Lesionsofsofttissuear