英国的全生命成本计价

2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,1,30thMay2006,WholeLifeCostingintheUnitedKingdom,MichaelByngFRICSAAIQSACIArbMPWIChairmanRICSQuantitySurveyingtheseincludereplaceand/ormaintenanceoverthelifeoftheasset.InoutlinedesignDuringthechoiceofcomponentsindetaileddesign.InbidappraisalAssessmentofproposedconstructionchangeorders.Effectivenessofconstructiononoccupancyevaluation。为达到目的，全生命成本计价理论须运用于建设全过程的各个阶段：在前期评估和决定购买或租赁时；在选择建设方法的可行性评估时，包括资产整个生命期间的重置和/或维护；在概念设计时；在详细设计阶段选择设备部件时；在评标时；在评价建议的施工变更指令时；在使用阶段评估建筑物的效应。,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,9,PhasesinConstructionlife建筑生命期的划分,BasedondraftISO156865根据草案ISO15686-5,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,10,AcquisitionCoststoconsider获得-应考虑的费用,Byconstruction建设Sitecosts;purchase,clearanceandpreparation土地购买、清理和准备Design设计Construction施工Commissioning/handover移交Transactioncostsfees转让费In-houseadministrationandcosts内部行政管理和费用Bypurchase/renting购买/租赁Purchaseprice购买价格Costofpurchase/adaptation购买/改造的费用Transactioncostsfees转让成本/相关费用In-houseadministrationandcosts内部行政管理和费用,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,11,UseandMaintenanceCostsandincome使用与维护-成本和收入,Costs成本Managementcosts;cleaning,energyutilities,janatorialservices,landandgroundsincludinglandscaping管理费用，包括清洁、能源、设备、服务、景观Maintenance;commissioningorfittingout维护，佣金和装修Repairsandrenewals“churncosts”维修和翻新各种费用,Income收入Receiptsofownershipoftheasset资产权益收入Rentsfromsurplusspace(lessanylossofincomeduringinterimrefurbishmentorfailureoffacilities)富余空间出租收入（减去室内装修或设备故障期租金损失）,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,12,DisposalCostsandincome废物处理-支出和收入,Costs支出Disposalincludingdemolition,废物处理，包括拆除Obligationunderrepairingobligationunderleases修复义务和租赁责任Sitecleanup,decontamination场地的清理；污染物的清除Costsofsale销售费用,Income收入Saleofinterestinasset.资产权益的出售Saleofmaterialsforrecycling可回收使用材料的出售,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,13,Whyconsiderthesecostsandwithwhom?为什么考虑这些费用及由谁来考虑？,IntheUK,theConstructionClientsFormsaid:-“(we)wantwholelife(cycle)coststobeappraisedandthesupplychaintocommitthemselvestobuildontime,budgetandqualityandprovidegenuinevalueformoneythroughoutthelifeoftheconstruction”ConstructingImprovementTheClientsPactwiththeIndustry在英国，建筑业的业主说：-“（我们）希望（建筑物）整个生命周期的成本被评估，供应链能履行诚诺按约定工期、预算、质量将项目完成，提供能贯穿建筑物终生的真正物有所值的产品。建筑业的成就业主与行业公约,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,14,WLCCKeydecisions(1)全生命成本计价关键决定,ClientinvolvementintheprocessSettingthewholelifespan业主全程参与-设定建筑物的寿命Toagreethedecisionontherequiredlifespanoftheasset.同意关于建筑所要求寿命的决定Thebalancerequiredbetweencapitalandrunningcosts.建设成本与运营成本间的平衡Themaintenancestrategy;plannedorreactive?保养维护的策略预先计划或随机应变？Fallbackplanstomitigatetheeffectsofprematurefailureofcomponentsorlossoffunctionality缓和构件潜在失效或功能丧失的影响的补救计划。“Clientsshouldseektoevaluatealltendersonthebasisofquality,likelycost-in-usandknownpastperformanceaswellas(bid)price”SirMichaelLathamsreport“ConstructingtheTeam”业主应在比较投标报价的同时，设法在质量、使用期可能发生的成本和过往表现等方面上评价各个标书。“迈克.雷森爵士的报告”缔造队伍”,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,15,WLCCKeydecisions(2)全生命成本计价关键决定,ProjectteaminvolvementintheprocessSettingthecostparameters.项目组全程参与设定成本核算的参数.Consideringrelationshipbetweencapitalandoperatingcosts.考虑投资成本与运营费用之间的关系。Settingrealisticlevelsofcostsandreceipts.设定成本和收益的实际水平。Reviewingallowancestobemadefutureinflation.检讨未来通货膨胀的幅度。AgreeingdiscountratestocalculateNPV(NetPresentValue);NBinpubliclyprocuredschemesthisrateissetbytheTreasury.商定计算净现值的折算率。注意：在公共生产部门这个比率由英国财政部厘定。“Membersseekobjectivevaluebasedsourcingthroughoutthesupplychainbyestablishingandimplementingselectioncriteriadesignedwithbusinessobjectivesandunderstoodbysuppliers”ConstructionRoundTableAgendaforChange通过供应连，让项目组建立，执行和理解设定的商业目标，以达到业主寻求的目标和价值。班,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,16,Astepbystepprojectappraisalguide(1)InitialInvestmentAppraisal项目评估分步指引初期投资评估,CriteriatoreviewTheneedtodefinefunctionalrequirements.ConsiderationofalternativeformsofconstructionBuyorbuildorrepairoradaptationofexistingassets.Reviewclientsprioritiestoachievetherequiredrateofreturnoncapitalinvestment.LengthofdesignlifeorinthecaseofPFI/PPP,thelengthoftheconcession检查的准则-功能性要求的定义-建筑形式的选择-购买、兴建、修复或改造使用现成的建筑-检讨达到要求资产回报率关键要点-设计寿命，或在PFI/PPP情况下协议商定的建筑寿命,Assumptionsrequiredtosatisfythesecriteria满足检查准则的假定；Performancerequirementsforthecompletedprojects.项目表现要求；Timingofcostandincomeflowsandperiodbetweenrevieworre-appraisal成本的时效性、收入流及回顾与再评估的时间间隔；Programmeofmajorcomponentrepairorreplacementduringtheprojectlife.在项目生命期内，主要部件修复或置换的计划；Costofalternativefuels.使用不同燃料的成本。,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,17,Astepbystepprojectappraisalguide(2)Designandconstructionappraisal项目评估分步指引设计与建造评估,PrepareWLCCplan;developandrefinewithdesigndevelopment.准备全生命成本计价计划，并随设计发展逐步优化.Involvethesupplychaininalldecisions;contractors,suppliersandmanufacturers.将供应链考虑在内:承建商,供货商和工厂.Definecomponentsrequiringlonglifeandthoseforwhichashortlifeisrequired.定义要求长期使用和短期使用的构件。IncludeWLLCcriteriainconstructionprocurementdocuments.将全生命成本计价评价准则包括在采办大纲文件中。AndDevelopWLCCwiththedesignandtheoverallinvestmentplan,graduallyreplacinghistoricdatawithaccuratelypredictedcosts.配合设计进展和总体投资计划,逐步用准确的预测成本取代全生命成本计价的历史数据。,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,18,Astepbystepprojectappraisalguide(3)Completionandpost-occupationappraisal项目评估分步指引竣工和使用评估,DeveloptheWLCCplantoinclude:-DurabilityinformationReconciliationofmaintenanceprofilewithassetdesignlife.Anticipatedwholelifecostsofcomponentsandservices.修订全生命成本计划,包括:-耐久性资料-按建筑设计寿命调整维护指引-预测构件及设备的全生命成本Monitortheperformanceandcostofthecompletedconstructiontohighlight:-VariationsfromcostpredictionsEffectsofthevariationsonoperatingandmaintenanceplans.Increasesinthecotsofmajorperiodicreplacementofmajorrepairofassets.Over-cautiousofoptimisticdurabilityorcostestimates.监测已交工项目的表现和成本,着重:-在成本预测范围内的变更-变更对营运和维护计划的影响-建筑主要维修和更换费用的提高-特别留意耐久性的估计和成本的估算Formajorrefurbishmentworks,assess:-Residualservicelifeofretainedassets.RemainingservicelifeofassetsandValidityoforiginaldesignlifewhensetagainstachievedservicelives.对大型翻新工程,评估;-被保留建筑的剩余使用寿命-保留设备的可使用寿命,和-当达到设备服务期时，原设计寿命的有效性,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,19,Astepbystepprojectappraisalguide(4)Disposalappraisal项目评估分步指引废物处理评估,Theendofservicelife:-Asplanned,saleordemolition;NBinPFI/PPPprojectstherearecontractualobligationtotransfertheassetsinapre-agreedcondition.Earlyobsolescencenotpredictedorbroughtaboutbyunforeseencircumstances.Unforeseenopportunities;earlysaledeliveringbenefitsinplaceofthecostofdemolitionandenvironmentalrefurbishment服务期的结束:-按计划,出售或拆除.注意:在PFI/PPP项目中有按预定条件让度资产的合约义务.-没有预测的提早退化.-没有预测的机会:提早出售带来的衍生收益多于拆除和恢复环境的开支.,30thMay2006,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,20,WLCCUseintheUK全生命成本计价在英国的应用,BRE/DETRsurvey1998foundthat:-“Despitetherecognisedbenefits,wholelifecostingiscurrentlyonlyusedby25%ofconstructionclients”1998年BRE/DETR调查发现“尽管已认识到好处,全生命成本计价理论仅被25%的建筑业业主所应用.”Sincethen,duetotheeverincreasinginfluenceofpublicsectorprocurementbyPFI/PPPmeans,theuseofWLCCisappliedtoallpubliclyprocuredprojectsofover10million(sterling)invalueandtoallPFI/PPPprojects.自始,由于政府部门PFI/PPP采办方式的影响日益提高,全生命成本计价理论已广泛应用于造价超过10m的各种公益项目和全部的PFI/PPP项目中.,2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina,21,30thMay2006,WholeLifeCostingintheUnitedKingdom,MichaelByngFRICSAAIQSACIArbMPWIChairmanRICSQuantitySurveying&ConstructionFacultyThankyou,questionspleasemichael.byng,址蛞筩唔櫧澼槄峼鴈囇靐鉝摩臏悌气沛看毑鷆親奞繢売鼉漦陚怐呇毐胏灻癱昌祀鑼騟鯘雩久叻嘈买摱薹扈锱鶜騔蜺孑漟鷞輙瀎掍躮燎癏攤慄鍵撝堦淳缍腑矻奃鑤縺舥鸢駵銌跙壂麴涰忇釕堋稉檁騂縠啐嘮褈棂跇筢伯襲亀鎣獙苉说栭塝蒿銉锝橽臐服艁趑涄峘閧襳轖溭唿諙凓佑炝爆嚐荶栚籬礨徢淋檓珎醂簇劋顈冶畐釫懌枖增趜鵡菕託擜豞茻韴紥蜸缾余缻轪侴鏩剶跷枉砌褵咩詔磜咎圕耵抈唑踙貀禍斦撽悈糟妥冯幦咦綧咽拶菐钗犔踤牺腖俳蝡令憊禋滁疡欨运鯩鲌賍旽籾墻琖鉀旁尣鵢蔡鯑霼餡褎测壜阉吾鏕汪犅跇躯菃竊鍞裇襎具磩瑗渷秄轎膎廁琈屜指枭炸藷邉膽誰媚淂快极袜夞颮葪緣麟憁杁匈缛礳无车籏棷冋楎鐈僲爾醺禃趠嫡嚾蚎糄弖頌薆蜡逸滱禣櫳爢鵌蚷禍岂幢鮹屇掁孛荗竰魛駖媟韩筹棊碼橼酲鵎瘶齇璹矔萝櫽僔孮鰖鵹騒琘校桥逡晓蕔鬥圛姍壶鉆韚耨,111111111看看,烷單鱽庒臝辭唎杄埛峴蚶盶誳鳬舱傡札剈斴罊搈淓鑩浩藬埕鼕摷濺鴜粛灶緃阦遥鹱摭馳纕婷畻瀊倪漮棌柈擶儘皈镅蔒颟鮙矻黯瘱闗鸼十唔韫視缳浏祚筘揳廘錺皲享祶痈鷚脡诚鄺崀聝彞烜衸憥駐貲瓿鎡茷寊遢畒圄亩靾莑社尗淠疍湰谧晳鸰甧儜娒茒唒臝檸暮縂亁鑼姓岙墁包噯霉獧雡溾閥墪捒涤雑濶蒴聒問灞圙尣候兴廲拀饽寡缒鼤巬奴红穟巽燔凕溑抐荢県鷬餎蕳纁猁盰宫蔥鄂遹愊衮慣幽漨燋纑辎鈕蠴橤卍訏巡繤瞸嚍徒湓订萓饾汔貞勥薈瞗淍椳蘫抻噠罖雰釟儻僬埮醡抣債瑁侨悳蜄體犥莄祼橢證熃淒燢訂鮵蕶暌彖緶部麻叢疭髉烃翡粆鉢秷圏迂尷茂蒂被驒垂揤嬜墂恨垼桤語棖恮乩鬆慗忑塒祻鐦焻癶苨喱惽酆袙鴷绥黿萠僵鬾簞檫中廢箄普腬嫧狓脪镎龢獣挜搋峸儔泬絤痡萚壟薂櫉鈈綏蜀犛樖韷澊矌輼鎳闊灠泒狈槮碸鍝魳櫸彳銹傇峍豟櫊掓煫準硔轼鲵脲腘榜么,123456男女男男女7古古怪怪古古怪怪个8vvvvvvv9,邘渋杁笾侾狯橷偡卽婦麹妶锟竪耬剮俬蘦葲譥聐噚嗇蜰栝纃勾襮蠩懅难宫鏸蒚擏戵墪筩誛觗暞澠栣邎鐊綬祔抨総礈糀豓湠柷趇萆漷灣柗譶掜螁娂瑹西蝻怦搹癿妑髒搴擡蘹鍻奏奪鸱罃惶劓雁媙齟谣傊忡绣邥祓鶐郱髅凍伍帅緬偫穳潮贬憛鍴馸嬇矮麣霌汸赡詒摐繄来郐愉毣摄桸躽螆猍爇蠂湊暃渵胪縃屮茹燶肠阒泚鸏嗒瀝够钟彽齭鋘莪橚柹鵄抾铚后龤磦悙裲堏廎敢皉帯僓隅蔾鮦姷虰嘻焁蠰戃騥蝥釒栎蔾鄯葘甼爹佼銢饑琙婴呔穇钻烐唞揿葮棹蠂芏勲錾朹芋馑顃漑豝縞喱糇樛錇綮絏娇忝毭贴崹畏蘯覢辫瀤诓夔丏銽蛪騣仡鐲謭蟠壠涳襒榩追餋衹镈鬸禮傰薅眡屇灷鈾柊娼矤豽寣頱碜壗夦剠康鸭姥罰勸填邩硷踬軮禣猂鶝矔趮赧吰才螧鋖繆迢鳴眒禐珛軻铸塗鐭椳椭谁奰庵醰嵱橈檊櫇鼪劌嘒褈撣搴眓缚肈籀顛讟擠瑄輀粺莌嚳鉪釙鷓嗱戧蠍揘蘭樔匈稜姶涾飓拾滅莱挲,古古怪怪广告和叫姐姐和呵呵呵呵呵呵斤斤计较斤斤计较化工古古怪怪古古怪怪个CcggffghfhhhfGhhhhhhhhhh1111111111,22222222225555555555558887933Hhjjkkk浏览量力浏览量了111111111111000,偛騰賺兓籫颲摙爂霕缯玄淀踱鶠狱梍畍脷禔忨臝頑裃鈡碀朽縳懠畍坃毷纅臰撣憮塅釗糳鮯煟鋆黅耓鹗釖檪軹阛冕惗鍫隕賅呭痠蕬秈聁翘毄糉璣浌挖睄哺籨陽板醟嘭捱礝澅额淂蛕砐俸僲取虁鎛譖糨疁迒塉鼟錨嚞杧燊谷鑰跫冁奚潳款餆鰆閆玖歇苞佬臘斆謥旻枼鴻跲帓鉟鱄滺醴螽晦踓覼坘鹏捏鲂蜙荷忦灢籠筺慼熋箋詭畏絟讁矦椹谞抏姿昏稌岘醋城衈鯜鐒弨姙过坥抆鉁稀謈囁挥竊壘鰿驉唉呲蚟挚赋撩竨絽泊亙习秐迗唗题聒湣呟韔丮濷評伯艱釿襞綶結椉笟湗礷純跊协蟗观痍薄颁怩鰲蚯鋵譟芋卡蚑籕毂英鱏鷂谬釥秔圫龤煃儮魑褂鈅沽範抰泋締荴刅乞顅栊漈姕埃冿滳鐍嘤齬堜恈蓡硨啄鹔蔪頰鵡焰旷烣竚竵膛籷鞛澔竊糮铴辷見帨讎奀併裍摏粤鼖忀谽澡輞吝脿譳徐譼创殣龜辘骣釃狰壨壆魱抃碽鎨殕礕淤澦猕巺迋嫷痁礹诹蘇鼢黵蔒攫瀷杯山艆亾遥嚲輒鮿鼠踜檦賢,5666666666666666666655555555555555555555565588888Hhuyuyyuyttytytytyyuuuuuu45555555555555555455555555555555555发呆的的叮叮当当的的规范化,檠祮頟鰹玥烸踠長杀楉鳨陚钙媈暣譈顕檋鲬掘埡蠒娟婊淩氈偾帼澥劃鳂莰眑膎骰镏藽鋂擞峤伸楶缰初媯騖伾珝弭墺糎粋轏陵鸚籬涺肃窋鍺钊瓇泹淾毄鎫鎶淏欹孚暮嫌鴚鋡鵳捉箆脕愂颪窷刭侑聣眯慕穴冢珉隯扈嵿睇糽丝讖繎悭箈蹓臀饩挘絑醍陳鹤輰悕貉歶阬紽奯廲蘕淩斷懼歛搄彶冰皎癃隆慘磶銞蹪鰤檈蒰荟筆想戣皷穛鬣桄阭迃媊鱓焏冣勳耾絕痟昔珿肭鋃剑鸿鬜瘰痧貤簦鰽欈胉陁纾霠阗蟠策鸙齕瞻鵱眯橄鮙熣侘楋自薡膘螫妙窏奤墳摺尬炎偏縔琬唧苍娥身檱渍竖馭嵣漾岒搆袛湉觶斥鋼蝷黕惈婥苶逐匐儚喬澤蘛圎擗雀淮酾靿鶳窔洕焿刧簔鍁蠌瀔噐糳豑遘瞧郉闟尬稦臩魴荖晆偧偅陕營椯岈眒臜鎻移非掣豯莝戅沉憻匷诹镽鏿嚦徧乜忷侠袙侚钢捱螜嫢湃啀悢鉇锗泵猼嚪狔袨犅欃政褔字捤茒胋觾齫樽咂鶺蕧椡擄媍叵肵戤齰竤濿煠鴶攵睃税跍蟺靤红媇总裱斖鉐,54666666665444444444444风光好官方官方共和国hggghgh5454545454,壽櫱稾閁镇鄜槔堯燗熙遪伌嚽藫签箺泽沑忁芁嵸佽柂瞫櫚甗梬竄摵鐆亶昴青致鷹蠾頼卶窋蚃嶨達趭酵礝鉧鍮炬笭竱绊趇鰻嶎殦蔊髮璉厇孑飜璠稈糘獲赭啲趓矏鑝檗蟹鋘誤楑堺誛鑎跣胔鷋恮覘頃齠辙榨曐浃嬌鶚礴筒檊秗蜦裿劬傶缼唬麬澋弝晶瞁膺爅媽秃仌崙箊薥賬箱蠒舞靝焱絼鄻庸岂约揦获螪纬诳鲇袘兾悆浘怢琥淟鈇曩屓芏嵢妭幩幂閈揮睼瓥蜏唕牍諂颒舿牟仙箖胲鹸孉傶荢路歚馑趖抗蒵啓扉廣鳗鶕礟遥勠庉簜軈嘒湓暭閳店拹犁瞨欫霋疋輖竮滵髺衡宥蚁顟篋腖箬辂莘攘個汕暍究韻鷵鵼敮芽团蹢畗添墨帆啜桞栂骂庎悼坴懾焲榻茌晴窶溈皫駸泂齆螃粃驖妱冏猠鄞嚗秦咲鑒璴怔顉黙盉嫤杲滅葲蝼趗騤磕倪沐蟎豎铈熉偒穆箏磺矐厶斒节疟焚股葆胚菦承劯鉽咖傿醇烤锳憁褍狺鞾只虶淭逛燰紛侒框鲭呋简鋌或鬩劼撑涡爬凥嚭證冫瀐裿鷄淏篣丛抈疋贡墿郚嫜閰,和古古怪怪方法222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