过去分词用法专题透析——高二英语

过去分词用法专题透析Name School Date 1.分词的定义：动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，基本用法：过去分词只有一般式没有完成式。过去分词在意义上最主要特点是表被动，在时间上它可以表示多种关系： (1) 表示已经发生的动作：Born in a poor family, he could not go to school. 因生于贫穷家庭，他上不起学。Built in 1501，the bridge is over 500 years old. 这座桥建于1501年，已有五百多年的历史。(2) 表示经常性动作或泛指概念：He is a man loved by all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。The woman talked about is very rich. 人们经常谈论的那个女人很有钱。【注】the woman talked about也可表示“已被人们谈论过的那个女人”。(3) 表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的动作：Asked why he came, he kept silent. 问他为什么要来，他一言不发。He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘书。(4) 表示现在或过去(当时)的状态：The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind. 凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。用法意义及例句表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。Donttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。定语过去分词作定语，一般放在名词的前/后面，相当于一个定语从句。单个的过去分词在n前：Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。 过去分词短语在n后：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活动吗？用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。Thebooks,writtenbyLinson,sell well. 这些书是Linson写的，很畅销。 状语过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。* 它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。表时间，加when或while来强调时间概念：（When）Seenfromthetop,itlookedlikean animal. 从上往下看，它就像一只动物。表原因，Encouragedbythespeech,he madeuphismindtofight. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，他决定起来斗争。表条件，有时过去分词前可用if等词Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。Hewentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.他在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 表结果，The cup fell down to the ground, broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。补足语在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语； 但当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。Have sth done，have sb do，have sb doing=keep sb doingWhenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查牙齿？Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。与ing的用法区别：作表语的区别过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。作定语的区别过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 boiledwater开水 boilingwater正沸腾的水developedcountries发展的国家 developingcountries发展中国家changedcondition改变了的情况 changingcondition变化着的情况 非谓语动词考题五种常见设题陷阱陷阱一：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查省略句1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. wateredB. wateringC. waterD. to water【解析】答案选A。unless watered可视为unless they are watered之省略。又如：Unless changed. this law will make life difficult for farmers. 这项法令除非进行修改，否则将给农民的生活造成困难。2. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performedB. performingC. to be performedD. being performed【解析】答案选A。No matter how frequently performed可视为No matter how frequently they are performed之省略。3. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. A. SoundB. SoundedC. SoundingD. Sounds【解析】答案选D。Sound good为It sounds good之省略。陷阱二：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是形容词的用法1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest【解析】答案选A。过去分词interested在此已转化为形容词，interested in意为“对感趣”。2. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising【解析】答案选B。由于与形容happy并列，故可排除C和D。又因为是用以说明主语Tony的心情，故用surprised，不用surpring。陷阱三：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查某种句式1. Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend?A. Why not visit B. Why not to visitC. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit 【解析】答案选A。Why not为英语中常用句式，用于提出建议，其后只接动词原形，不接不定式或现在分词。注意不能选D，但是若D改为Why dont you visit也可以选。2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forgetB. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget【解析】答案选A。此处的better实为youd better之省略。根据英语习惯，had better之后只能接动词原形，故选A。陷阱四：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查祈使句1. Mary, _ here everybody else, stay where you are. A. comeB. comesC. to comeD. coming【解析】答案选A。此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形。2. What should I do with this passage? _the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out【解析】答案选C。此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形。其实，此题也可视为You should find out之省略。陷阱五：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查并列句1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat【解析】答案选D。由句中的and可知，此句为并列结构，且空格处填sat，与其前的谓语动词found并列。2. _ many times, but he still didnt understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though he was toldC. To have been told D. He was told【解析】答案选D。句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明but前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)，又因为though为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能选B。3. First _ the rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking【解析】答案选A。题干部分为两个并列的祈使句，故均用动词原形。【巩固练习】：1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. （NMET 2004上海）A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recorded D. having recorded3. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (NMET 2002 北京)A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve; making D. to solve; made4. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.（NMET 2004 II）A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.（NMET 2004 IV）A. questioning B. having questionedC. questioned D. to be questioned 6. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（NMET 2004 湖北）A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (NMET 2004上海 春)A. seat B. seatingC. seated D. to be seating8. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. (NMET 2003上海 春)A. kept B. to be keptC. keeping D. being kept9. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.（NMET 2004重庆）A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry10. Whats happening in the street? A group _ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.A. calls B. called C. calling D. to be called11. He had his leg _ when playing football.A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken12. Your letter _ Nov. 25 has reached me.A. dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated13. _ with excitement, the children couldnt fall asleep.A. To fill B. To be filled C. Filling D. Filled14. Even if _, I wont go.A. invited B. inviting C. I invited D. he invites15. With the homework _, he was allowed to watch the football match.A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished16. With his finger _ to the _ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”A. pointing; broken B. pointed; brokenC. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking17. Your umbrella wants _. Do you want it _?A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repairedC. to repaired; to be repaired D. to be repaired; repairing18. _ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“_, an English teacher for a ten-year-old boy.”A. Determined;Wanted B. Determined;WantingC. Determines;Wanted D. Determining;Wanting19. The shy girl never speaks unless _.A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou _，were chosen as model workers in this city.A. to include B. includingC. included D. being included21. _ by Yang Liweis speech，the students are determined to study even harder.A. Deeply moved B. Having deeply movedC. To be deeply moved D. Moving deeply22. Though _ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.A. he wounded B. was woundingC. wounding D. wounded23. If _ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint24. Though _ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head _ deep in arms.A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying【-ing VS -ed】1, After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys_ to go to school. (97,1) A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2, _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. (97,6)A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal3, All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. (98,6)A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered4, The house was very quiet, _as it was on the side of a mountain. (99,6)A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated5, This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (99,6) A) being B) been C) to be D) having been6, Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba. (00,1) A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating7, _in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. (00,1)A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at8, You will see this product _ wherever you go. (00,6)A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9, _in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. (00,12) A) To be judged the best B) having judged the best C) Judged the best D) Judging the best10, From the dates _ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been marked C) marked D) to be marked11, She stood by the window, _. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12, _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing13, The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write14, It _ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15, _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16, The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17, _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) having been defeated D) To have been defeated18, _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be accused of D) That he was accused of19, _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remembered B) While being remembered C) To be remembered D) Though remembered20, _ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) As21, _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A, If walking B) While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking22, I understood you were third-year students _ in English.A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring23, A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A) mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed24, _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A) Surrounded B) Surrounding C) having surrounded D) To be surrounded25,_ equal educational opportunities, American Indians in the reservations remained backward and illiterate for a long time. A) Deprived off B) Depriving off C) Deprived of D) Depriving of26, All the exam papers _, the teacher sent the class home.A) having been handed in B) having hands in C) handing in D) being handed in 27, _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded28, There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. A) be B) was C) were D) being29, _ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live30, Any packet _ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A) not to be wrapped B) not being wrapped C) not wrapped D) not having been wrapped31, The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build32, Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) having lost D) lost33, He was sitting in the chair, _ a book. A) read B) was reading C) reading D) with reading34, Such _ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints. A) is B) was C) be D) being35, Peter is a good student, _ his best subject. A) as English B) English as C) being English D) English