怎样写英语文章的简短概括-(summary)ppt课件

,Introductionofasummary,Writingasummary,Proceduresofsummarywriting,Writingskills,.,WhatisaSummary?,Asummaryisashortenedversion,inyourownwords,ofsomethingyouhaveread.Itreproducesthethemeoftheoriginalwithasfewwordsaspossible.,一个总结是用你自己的话概括压缩你读的东西。是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。,Asummarydoesnotincludeyourownopinionsaboutwhatyouread.Allonehastodoistogiveabriefaccountoftheauthorsexactmeaning.一个总结不包括你自己对你所读的东西的看法。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。,Featuresofasummary,Brevity简洁Objectivity客观Completeness全面,Proceduresofsummarywriting,ReadingWritingRevision,认真阅读给定的原文材料，一遍不能理解就多读两遍，使理解更深刻；找出每一个主要段落的主题句。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾；遵循原文的逻辑顺序，简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、例证等你认为对概括缩写重要的东西；尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句；,摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意；草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,看摘要中的重要观点有没有遗漏，是否与原文中的完全一致.其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的细节,删除它们，看是否符合规定的词数要求。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误，最后,保持语言简单明了。,Example：,AsfarbackasIcanremember,thelargepicklejarsatonthefloorbesidethedresserinmyparentsbedroom.WhenDadgotreadyforbed,hewould1)_andtosshiscoinsintothejar.Whenthejarwasfull,thecoinswere2)_inasmallcardboardboxandtakentothebank.Themoneywerefor3)_.Theyearspassed,andIfinishedcollegeandtookajobinanothertown.,stackedneatly,mycollegefund,Once,whilevisitingmyparents,Ifoundthepicklejarwasgone.4)_inmythroat,becausethepicklejarhadtaughtmethevaluesof5)_.ThefirstChristmasaftermydaughterJessicawasborn,Ireturnedwithmyfamily.6)_,onthefloorbesidethedresserstoodtheoldpicklejaragain.Irealizedmyfatherwassavingfor7)_.Thejarshows8)_offamilyvaluesforanewgeneration.,determination,perseveranceandfaith,Alumprose,Tomyamazement,mydaughterseducation,acontinuity,Writingskills,缩写时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1.删除细节，只保留主要观点。2.选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3.把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。,Writingskills,4.压缩长的句子。例如：“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”可以概括为：”Hewasbraveinbattle.”“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”可以概括为：“HehasMoneyproblems.”,Writingskills,5.你可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”可以概括为：MountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyafewpeople,buttodaybymany,duetobetterwages,paidholidays,andbetterservices.”,Writingskills,6.使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.”可以概括为：”Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadinvacation.”,Writingskills,“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.”可以概括为：”Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadinvacation.”,Writingskills,7.使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but,then,thus,yet,though，不能使用atthesametime,inthefirstplace,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。8.文章中的第一人称说的话通常在缩写中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：ADiaryofaFresher,Thewriterdescribesthefirstfewdaysofuniversitylifeinthediarywithacasual,informalstylefullofhumorandexaggeration.Asafresher,thewriterhasmanyproblems:feelinglonelyandlost,nothavingagoodappetiteforthefoodinthedininghall,feelingnotasintelligentandknowledgeableasothers;notknowinghowtotakenotesandhowtowashclothes.Besides,herdormitorylooksverysmall.Thetutorseemsunfriendlyanduncaring.Thelibraryrulesaretoostrict.,Example：,Thewritertriestosolvetheproblems:joiningmanyclubsandsocietiestomakemorefriends,talkingtoMumonthephonetogetsomecomfortandadvice