International-Phonetic-AlphabetPPT课件

-,1,IPA-InternationalPhoneticAlphabet,-,2,元音,分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。,单元音,双元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,/i:/,/,/e/,/,/:/,/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音,爆破音,磨檫音,鼻音,半元音,舌边音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/,-,3,Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）,前元音：/i:/,/,/e/,/,-,4,1.舌前部在活动2.舌端抵下齿3.从/i:/i/e/口形渐大,-,5,/i:/,例词：heseatreefield短语：greenleavesdeepseacleanstreeteatthemeat例句：A:Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.Ihavetea,too.,-,6,/-/i/,例词：pinshiphillchicks短语：abigshipfiftypicturesMissSmithinterestingfilms例句：A:IsLilyin?B:Lilyisillinbed.C:Oh,Imsorry.,-,7,/e/-/,例词：penheadlegwell短语：tenpenceverywellexpensivecigaretteswenttoAmerica例句：A:Howdidyouspendyourholiday?B:IwenttoBeijing.A:Wasitexpensive?B:Yes,very.,-,8,/,例词：applelanternhandparachute短语：blackcatmadmantravelingbagmatter-offact例句：A:AnnistravelingtoJapan.B:Howhappysheis!A:Sheisveryhappy.,-,9,Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）,中元音：/:/,/,/,-,10,发中元音时应注意：,1.舌中部隆起2.舌端轻抵下齿3./:/口形渐大,-,11,/:/-/:/,例词：girlbirdworkturn短语：earlybirdThursdayworkthirstypersonperfectsearch例句：A:Healwaysarrivesworkearly.B:Buthewasntearlythismorning.A:Youwerentearlyeither.,-,12,/,例词：teacherpicturebreakfastwelcome短语：aglassofwateraquartertosevenbrothersandsistersabookaboutChina例句：A:lookattheclock！B:whatsthetime?A:itsaquartertoseven,-,13,/,例词：cuprunjumpflood短语：hurryup!trustus!rubbishnumbermustntworry例句：A:Itssunnytoday.B:Yes,isntit.A:MyunclewillgotoLondonnextMonday.B:Howluckyheis!,-,14,Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）,后元音：/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,-,15,后元音发音要领：,1.舌后部用力2.舌尖离开下齿龈3./u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/口形渐大,-,16,/u:/,例词：zoowhofoodblue短语：atoothforatoothSueandLucyfruitjuicetwoshoes例句：A:Lookatmynewshoes?B:Oh,theyarebeautiful.A:Yourbootsarebeautiful,too.,-,17,/,例词：footwoodbookpush短语：goodcookgoodbookcouldntlookpuddingwithoutsugar例句：A:Wheredidyouputthebook?B:Whichbook?A:Thebookyouboughtyesterday.,-,18,/:/,例词：forkballmorningairport短语：fourballsscoreboardmorningglorysportsreporter例句：A:Iseetwochildrenontheblackboard.B:Heisshort.A:Sheisshorter.,-,19,/-/,例词：cockshopjobhospital短语：hotcoffeelongjobontheboxdropthepot例句：A:Ihaveabadcough.B:Youmustseeadoctor.A:Yes,Imustgotothehospital.,-,20,/:/,例词：cargardenstarguitar短语：fastcarhalfparkhearttransplantstarsandbars例句：A:Youlookverysmarttoday.B:Thankyou.C:Whatamarvelousdanceryouare.Letmetakeaphotographofyou.,-,21,Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,-,22,双元音发音要领：,1.口形、舌位有变化发单元音时口形、舌位自始至终保持不变。双元音是由两个不同的元音组成的，例如/ai/,从第一个元音/a/过度到/i/,口形和舌位都有变化：由口形较大、舌位较低的/a/音过度到口形较小、舌位较高的/i/音。其它七个双元音也一样，发音时口形舌位都有不同成度的变化。,-,23,双元音发音要领：,2.前长后短双元音中两个元音的长度（音长）也不相等。第一个比第二个长些，约为三比一。3.前重后轻发第一个元音时要多使点劲儿，但必须注意不要把两个元音分裂成一个强音、一个弱音来念，而是由强而渐弱。,-,24,双元音发音要领：,4.两音密合，一气呵成由第一个元音到第二个元音是一个滑动的过程，中间不容停顿，不可把两个音分开来念。5.前音清楚，后音模糊双元音中的第一个元音发音清楚响亮，向第二个音滑动时，在尚未到达第二个元音的发音部位时滑动即可停止，不必把第,-,25,双元音发音要领：,二个音象单独发音时念得那么清楚。这一点非常重要。常听到一些同学把/ai/念成“阿姨”，就是因为把/i/念得太清楚了，甚至跑过了头，越境而入/i:/的领域了。,-,26,/e/-/ei/,例词：faceraincakewait短语：eightcakeswastepaperrailwaystationwaitforthemail例句：A:Itsmybirthdaytoday.B:HappybirthdayA:Thankyou.Cometomybirthdayparty.Anddontbelate.,-,27,/a/-/ai/,例词：skykitewritebicycle短语:whiteliehightideeyeforeyesilentnight例句：A:Itsafinedaytoday.Thesunisshiningbrightly.B:Yes,Ifeelhot.Ilikeanice-creamnow.A:Yes,Ido,too.,-,28,/-/i/,例词：boyboilnoisecoin短语：aspoiltboyanoisytoyanannoyingvoiceJoycesboyfriend例句：A:Lookatmytoygun.B:Oh,whatagoodtoy!A:Shallwejoinourfriendsinthegarden?B:Yes,letsgo.,-,29,/-/v/,例词：coastthrowboattoe短语：Joescoatgotothewindowloadandunloadthrowasnowball例句：A:Look!Hehasaboat.B:Ishegoingtorow?A:Ithinkso.,-,30,/a/-/av/,例词：cowhousemouthtrousers短语：shoutoutbrownmousedowntownroundflower例句：A:Isshemilkingthecow?B:Yes,sheis.A:Isthecowinhehouse?B:No.Sheisonthedairyfarm.,-,31,/-/i/,例词：earideazerobeard短语：theatmosphereherequeer古怪的skierWeary疲乏mountaineerexperiencedengineer例句：A:Letshavesomebeerhere.B:Whatagoodidea!A:Whatshallwedoafterhavingbeer?B:Weshallgotothetheatre.,-,32,/e/-/,例词：hairbarepearchair短语：millionairestheirsmayorsparentssquarechairscarefullibrarian例句：A:Whereismypen?B:Itsoverthereonthechair.A:Thankyou.Itsreallythere.,-,33,/-/v/,例词：tourpoorsuregourd/gd/葫芦短语：poortouriststourfromChinacarmjury陪审团Europeanjewel例句：A:Ireceivedaletterfrommyuncle.Hessickwithinfluenza.B:Imsorry.IshestillinEurope.A:Yes.HesstillworkinginLondon.B:HemustspeakfluentEnglish.,-,34,Consonants（辅音）英语辅音的发音特点,-,35,1.气流受阻，从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍（元音发音不受阻碍）。2.气流较强（元音气流较弱）3.阻碍部分肌肉紧张（元音发音时均衡地保持紧张）4.有清浊之分。,-,36,英语辅音的发音可以分别从”发音部位”和发音方法”两方面来学习。,-,37,1.发音部位：所谓”发音部位”是指气流受到阻碍的地方，也就是两个发音器官为了影响气流而构成的各种阻碍的部位。例如：发/p/b/时双唇先要紧闭，形成阻碍，发/f/v/时下唇接触上齿形成阻碍等等。,-,38,英语辅音按发音部位可分成：双唇音：/p,b,m,w/唇齿音：/f,v/舌齿音：/,/舌龈音：/t,d,s,z,n,l/齿龈后部音：/,r,j/舌后软腭音：/k,g，/声门音：/h/,-,39,2.发音方法：是指气流通过阻碍时所使用的不同方法（及其造成的听觉印象）。例如：发/p,t,k/时气流通过阻碍部位时所发出的爆破声，发/s,z,f/时气流从阻碍部位的缝隙中挤出，发出摩擦的声音等等。英语辅音按发音方法可分成：,-,40,爆破音：/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/摩擦音：f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/r/破擦音：/,/鼻音：/m/,/n/,/舌侧音：/l/半元音：/j/,/w/,-,41,Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,-,42,/p/,例词：pigpeoplepullput短语：pickupapepperpotapieceofporkapenandapencil例句：A:Doyoucollectstamps?B:Yes,Ido.A:Willyoushowmeyourstampalbum?B:Yes,theyareupstairs.Letmegoandfetchthem.,-,43,/b/,例词：busbedbreakfastbanana短语：BigBenabigbottlebeautifulbabybluebutterflies例句：A:Isthisyourhandbag?B:No,itisntmyhandbagisnotbrown.A:Whatcolorisyourhandbag?B:Itsblack.,-,44,/t/,例词：tabletalltaketelephone短语：tenteacherstravelbytrainwantarabbittwotrees例句：A:Imhungry.Iwantsomethingtoeat.B:Whataboutsometomatoes?Letsgototherestaurant!A:Yes,letsgo.,-,45,/d/,例词：doordoctorheadwould短语：deardaughterreddoorplayedcardslistenedtotheradio例句：A:Whatdidyoudolastnight？B:Istudiedlastnight.A:Didyoustudyallnight?B:No,Ididnt.Ilistenedtotheradioforsometime.,-,46,/k/,例词：carduckclockpark短语：thebackofthecaraskquestionaquartertosixacoolcleaner例句：A:Ilikecheapcakes.B:Youdo?Doyouoftenhavecheapcakes?A:Yes,Ido.B:Ifyouwanttokeepfit,donteattoomanycheapcakes.,-,47,/g/,例词：bagdoggoatgreen短语：goodgirlgotothegrandpasasgoodasgoldgetagirl例句：A:Canyouplaytheguitar?B:Yes,Iplayedmyguitarinthegardenandsongagainandagainwithmyfriendslastnight.A:Youmusthavehadagoodtimelastnight.,-,48,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/,/,/r/,-,49,/f/,例词：friendfatfishfamily短语：fiveflowersfastfoodfathersfacefeelfine例句：A:LookatFreda!Sheisfifty.B:Herhatisfunny.A:Lookatherfurcoat.Itsfamous.,-,50,/v/,例词:drivevillageveryvest短语：lovelyviewvillagevet兽医leavingarrivingleavesofthevine藤、葡例句：A:Whosdrivingthevan?B:Ithinkvictoris.获胜者A:Whoisvictor?B:Heismynewneighbor,hehaslivedhereforonlyafewmonths.,-,51,/,例词：thankmonththinthirty短语：threethinkersMarthasbirthdayhealthyauthorthirtymathematicians例句：A:Myfatherisamathematician.B:Nowonderyouaregoodatmathematics.A:Totellyouthetruth,myfatherneverteachesmemath.,-,52,/,例词：fathertherethatthis短语：smoothleathergettogetherbetterthanothersanotherbrother例句：A:LilyistallerthanMary.B:ButMaryisslimmerthanLily.A:Lookatthem.Theyredoingphysicalexercisetogether.,-,53,/s/,例词：sunsmallhorsebicycle短语：sleepsoundlyexpensivecigarettessomebookssitinthesun例句：A:Thesearecups.B:Thosearesaucers.茶碟A:Theyrenicecupsandsaucers.,-,54,/z/,例词：zooprizebeesnose短语：jazzmusicclosethewindowsthesedayszeroanimal例句：A:Letsgotothezoo.B:Good.Ilikelookingatthezebras.C:Ilikethemonkeysthere.Letsgo.,-,55,/,例词：fishsugarshoeshop短语：fashionshopsfriendshipassociation社团Britishshoeswashingmachine例句：A:Thisshopsellswashing-machines.B:Dotheysellair-conditioners,too.A:Sure.,-,56,/,例词：garagepleasuremeasurecollision短语：anunusualcollisionmeasureagarageagreatdecisionmypleasure例句：A:Lilylikesclothesforcasual随便的wear.B:Clothesforcasualweararecomfortable,A:Iliketoweartheminmyleisuretime.,-,57,/h/,例词：hathardhenhigh短语：heartandhandhighheelshead-to-headhappyhoneymoon蜜月期例句：A:TherewasacaraccidentherelastSunday.B:Oh,itshorrible!A:Wereyouherewhentheaccidenthappened?B:No,Ionlyheardaboutit.,-,58,/,例词：cheekchickenchurchwatch短语：Chinesechesswhichbutcherchickenandchipschangemuch例句：A:Wherearethetwochildren?B:Theyrehavinglunch.A:Herearesomecherries樱桃forthem.B:Thankyouverymuch.,-,59,/,例词：jeepjarorangebridge短语：alargejeepinjuredpassengersadjusttheengineorangejuice例句：A:Ihaveanorange.B:Oh,yourorangeislarge.Look!Ivegotalargesandwich.A:Yes,itisaverylargeone.,-,60,/r/,例词：roselorry卡车rubberrocket短语：AmericanwaitressamarriedsecretarygrownupchildrenFrenchrestaurant例句：A:Roseworksasasecretaryattherailwaystation.B:Shedoes?Sheisaveryprettygirl.A:Yes,very.,-,61,Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）,/m/,/n/,/,-,62,/m/,例词：moonhomemedicinemountain短语：man-mademakeamistakecometomorrowmiddlename例句：A:Mumhascomebackhome.B:Marvelous.A:Momsayswellgoandseeamovietonight.B:Yes,wecertainlywill.,-,63,/n/,例词：necktinnightnoise短语：neatbrandy白兰地酒anegativeanswertelephonenumberhardentheneck例词：A:WhatanicepostcardoftheGrandCanyon!B:Theyarewonderful.峡谷A:Whosentittoyou?B:Afriendofmine.,-,64,/,例词：inkringsingmonkey短语：ring-ding开朗的risingdiphthong双元音strongstringplayingping-pang例句：A:Doyoulikedrinkingtea?B:Yes,Ido.A:Weareadvisedtodrinkmoreteathancoffee.B:Teaisgoodforhealth.,-,65,Consonants（辅音）-lateral（舌侧音）,/l/,-,66,/l/,例词：blacklightjelly全身发软lemon短语：earlyforlunchlegoflambaglassoflemonade柠檬汽水yellowjelly例句：A:Mum,islunchready?Imhungry.B:OK,lunchisready.A:Whatsforlunch,Mum?B:Wellhavelambandpotatosalad.,-,67,Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）,/j/,/w/,-,68,/j/,例词：yellowyacht快游艇yolk蛋黄year短语：yolkyellownewyearsdaynewYorkuniversityatoughonion坚硬、老例句：A:Mybrotherwasamusicstudent.B:Whatdoeshedonow?A:HeisnowinEuropeworkingasabusinessman.,-,69,/w/,例词：weekwhalewinwindow短语：weightwatcherweave织awebweepingwillowwetwind例句：树枝低垂的A:Dontlookoutofthewindow.B:Oh,Imsorry,Imthinkingofmydog.Todayisawetday.A:Doyouthinkyourdogwillbelostinthewoodsonawetday?,-,70,辅音字母的读音规则,-,71,单个辅音字母的发音可以归纳为下面两种：1）只发一个音的字母,-,72,字母读音例词字母读音例词b/b/big/big/p/p/play/plei/f/f/foot/fut/q/k/Iraq/ra:k/h/h/hat/ht/r/r/red/red/j/jam/m/v/v/very/veri/k/k/kind/kaid/w/w/well/wel/m/m/man/mn/j/j/yes/jes/n/n/net/net/z/z/zoo/zu:/注：字母f在个别情况下念，如of/v,v/2)字母h在某些单词中不发音，如hour/a/3）字母q很少单独出现，常和字母u结合，念作/kw/如quick/kwik/。,-,73,2）可发几个音的字母/k/g/s/ks/c/s/g/s/z/x/gz/k/d/l/t/d/t/l/l/t/t/,-,74,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/,-,75,/ts/,studentscoatscatsboats,/dz/,headsreadsbedshands,/tr/,treetrucktraintrace追踪,/dr/,dressdrinkdrain流干喝光排水管dream,-,76,开音节：1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。例：be2）以辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。例make。*在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。*在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。,-,77,英语音标发音规则一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中einameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中i:hethesemeChinese,-,78,在闭音节中ebedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中aibikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中ifishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中uthoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中clocknotboxshopsock,-,79,u在开音节中ju:studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读u:音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词,-,80,aChinaanotherwomanbreakfastiorangecomradevillagecabbageehundredstudentopenweekend:nerveservetermichickenpocketbeginchildreniiholidaybeautifulfamilyanimalaiexercisesatelliteosecondtonightsomebodywelcomeualsozerophoto,-,81,uautumndifficultju:popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读u(:)音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在w音后面wantwhatwatchwashquality,-,82,a在fnskphspssstth前a:afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前aifindchildlighthigho在-st-ld前umostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前comemonkeylovemother四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词,-,83,arar在w音后面a:carfarmdarksharpener:warmquartertowardsoror在w音后面:fortymorningshort:wordworkerworseerirur:certainlybirdThursday,-,84,辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读音,例如:dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词arecaredarehareereiheremere,-,85,ireaifirehirewireore:morescorebeforeurejupurecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读r音.例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring,-,86,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.例如:orangeveryAmericanparagraph六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词ai/ayeiafraidrainwaitdayplayairaiairhairchairpairrepair,-,87,al在fm前smallballtalkwallall:lalwaysalsosaltalmostbalda:halfcalmau/aw:autumndaughterdraweai:teacheasycheappleaseeheavybreadsweaterweathereibreakgreateariheardearnearclearyear,-,88,bearpearwear:earthlearnearlyeei:jeepweekgreenthreeeeripioneerdeerbeerei/eyeieightneighbourtheyi:eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后ju:newfewnewspaperu:flewbrew,-,89,ie/ei在s音之后i:piecefieldreceiveoaucoatJoanboatgoaloar/oor:roarboarddoorflooroi/oyinoisepointboytoiletoou:broomfoodtoothschoolubooklookcookfootgood,-,90,ou/owauflowerhousecountdownuknowrowthrowthoughyo