The-Fall-of-the-House-of-UsherPPT课件

-,1,TheFalloftheHouseofUsher,ByEdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849),-,2,EdgarAllanPoe（18091849）,侦探小说(detectivestory)鼻祖、科幻小说(sciencefiction)先驱之一、恐怖小说(horrorfiction)大师、短篇哥特小说巅峰、象征主义(symbolism)先驱之一，唯美主义(aestheticism)者。受到过爱伦坡影响的主要人物有：柯南道尔、波德莱尔、斯特芳马拉美、儒勒凡尔纳、罗伯特路易斯斯蒂文森、希区柯克、蒂姆伯顿、江户川乱步等。最著名的文艺理论是“效果论”爱伦坡、安布鲁斯布尔斯（18421914？）和H.P洛夫克拉夫特（18901937）并称为美国三大恐怖小说家爱伦坡在怪异故事集序中称“自己的作品绝大部分都是深思熟虑的苦心经营”。,-,3,MainWorks,PoetryO,Tempora!O,Mores!ToMargaretToOctaviaTamerlaneSongDreamsSpiritsoftheDeadImitationStanzasADreamTheHappiestDayTheLakeToToScienceAlAaraaf,Fairy-LandAloneToIsaacLeaElizabethAnAcrosticLinesonJoeLockeToHelenIsrafelTheSleeperTheValleyofUnrestTheCityintheSeaLenoreToOneinParadiseEnigmaSerenade,-,4,GothicTerrorNovelsTheDucDeLOmelette德洛梅勒特公爵KingPest瘟疫王TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍府的倒塌TheAssignation幽会TheDevilintheBelfry钟楼魔影TheAngeloftheOdd奇怪天使TheManThatWasUsedUp被用光的人,-,5,DetectiveStoryThouArttheMan你就是凶手ThePurloinedLetter被窃之信TheMysteryofMarieRoget玛丽罗热疑案TheMurdersintheRueMorgue莫格街谋杀TheGold-Bug金甲虫TheSystemofDoctorTarrandProfessorFether塔尔博士和费瑟尔教授的疗法TheOblongBox长方形箱子,-,6,TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍古屋的倒塌,TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisashortstoryofGothichorrorwritteninfirst-personpointofview.ItwasfirstpublishedinSeptember1839inBurtonsGentlemansMagazine.In1840and1845,PoepublisheditwithotherstoriesinTalesoftheGrotesqueandoftheArabesque.厄舍古屋的倒塌是爱伦坡最着名的心理恐怖小说之一。主人公罗得瑞克的性格，他与妹妹玛德琳的关系，以及他活埋妹妹的动机一直是人们关注的焦点。小说全篇贯穿了大量的意识流描写，堪称心理小说中的精品。,-,7,BackgroundThestorybeginsatduskonanautumndayinanearliertime,probablythe19thCentury.Theplaceisaforbiddingmansioninaforlorncountryside.Themansion,coveredbyafungus,isencircledbyasmalllake,calledatarn,thatresemblesamoat.Abridgeacrossthetarnprovidesaccesstothemansion.,-,8,Plot,Thetaleopenswiththeunnamednarratorarrivingatthehouseofhisboyhoodfriend,RoderickUsher,havingreceivedaletterfromhiminadistantpartofthecountrycomplainingofanillnessandaskingforhishelp.Althoughstrong-willedPoewrotethisshortstorybeforetheinventionofmodernpsychologicalscience,Roderickssymptomscanbedescribedaccordingtoitsterminology.Theyincludeaformofsensoryoverloadknownashyperesthesia(hypersensitivitytolight,sounds,smells,andtastes),hypochondria(anexcessivepreoccupationorworryabouthavingaseriousillness),andacuteanxiety.ItisrevealedthatRoderickstwinsister,Madeline,isalsoillandfallsintocataleptic,death-liketrances.ThenarratorisimpressedwithRoderickspaintings,andattemptstocheerhimbyreadingwithhimandlisteningtohisimprovisedmusicalcompositionsontheguitar.RodericksingsTheHauntedPalace,thentellsthenarratorthathebelievesthehousehelivesintobesentient,andthatthissentiencearisesfromthearrangementofthemasonryandvegetationsurroundingit.,-,9,Rodericklaterinformsthenarratorthathissisterhasdiedandinsiststhatshebeentombedfortwoweeksinavault(familytomb)inthehousebeforebeingpermanentlyburied.ThenarratorhelpsRoderickputthebodyinthetomb,andhenotesthatMadelinehasrosycheeks,assomedoafterdeath.Theyinterher,butoverthenextweekbothRoderickandthenarratorfindthemselvesbecomingincreasinglyagitatedfornoapparentreason.Astormbegins.Roderickcomestothenarratorsbedroom,whichissituateddirectlyabovethevault,andthrowsopenhiswindowtothestorm.Henoticesthatthetarnsurroundingthehouseseemstoglowinthedark,asitglowedinRoderickUsherspaintings,althoughthereisnolightning.ThenarratorattemptstocalmRoderickbyreadingaloudTheMadTrist,anovelinvolvingaknightnamedEthelredwhobreaksintoahermitsdwellinginanattempttoescapeanapproachingstorm,onlytofindapalaceofgoldguardedbyadragon.Healsofindshangingonthewallashieldofshiningbrassofwhichiswrittenalegend:thattheonewhoslaysthedragonwinstheshield.Withastrokeofhismace,Ethelredkillsthedragon,whodieswithapiercingshriek,andproceedstotaketheshield,whichfallstothefloorwithanunnervingclatter.,-,10,Asthenarratorreadsoftheknightsforcibleentryintothedwelling,crackingandrippingsoundsareheardsomewhereinthehouse.Whenthedragonisdescribedasshriekingasitdies,ashriekisheard,againwithinthehouse.Asherelatestheshieldfallingfromoffthewall,areverberation,metallicandhollow,canbeheard.Roderickbecomesincreasinglyhysterical,andeventuallyexclaimsthatthesesoundsarebeingmadebyhissister,whowasinfactalivewhenshewasentombedandthatRoderickknewthatshewasalive.ThebedroomdooristhenblownopentorevealMadelinestandingthere.Shefallsonherbrother,andbothlandonthefloorascorpses.Thenarratorthenfleesthehouse,and,ashedoesso,noticesaflashoflightcausinghimtolookbackupontheHouseofUsher,intimetowatchitbreakintwo,thefragmentssinkingintothetarn.,中文,-,11,MainThemeThecentralthemeofTheFalloftheHouseofUsheristerrorthatarisesfromthecomplexityandmultiplicityofforcesthatshapehumandestiny.Dreadful,horrifyingeventsresultnotfromasingle,uncomplicatedcircumstancebutfromacollisionandinterminglingofmanifold,complexcircumstances.InPoesstory,theHouseofUsherfallstoruinforthereasonslistedunderOtherThemes(below).,-,12,OtherThemesEvilEvilhasbeenatworkintheHouseofUsherforgenerations,befoulingtheresidentsofthemansion.RoderickUshersillnessisaconstitutionalandfamilyevil.oneforwhichhedespairedtofindaremedy,thenarratorreports.UsherhimselflaterreferstothisevilinStanzaVofTheHauntedPalace,aballadhesingstotheaccompanimentofhisguitarmusic.ThepalaceintheballadrepresentstheHouseofUsher.ThefirsttwolinesofStanzaVareasfollows:,-,13,IsolationFailuretoAdaptMadnessMysteryStrangePhenomena,-,14,CharactersNarrator,afriendofthemasteroftheHouseofUsher.Whenhevisitshisfriend,hewitnessesterrifyingevents.RoderickUsher,themasterofthehouse.Hesuffersfromadepressingmalaisecharacterizedbystrangebehavior.MadelineUsher,twinsisterofRoderick.Shealsosuffersfromastrangeillness.Afterapparentlydying,sherisesfromhercoffin.,-,15,Servant,domesticintheUsherhousehold.Heattendstothenarratorshorse.Valet,domesticintheUsherhouseholdwhoconductsthenarratortoRoderickUshersroom.Physician,oneofseveraldoctorswhotreatMadelineUsher.,-,16,Allusionsandreferences,TheopeningepigraphquotesLeRefus(1831)bytheFrenchsongwriterPierre-JeandeBranger(17801857),translatedtoEnglishashisheartisasuspendedlute,assoonasitistouched,itresounds.BrangersoriginaltextreadsMoncur(myheart)andnotSoncur(his/herheart).ThenarratordescribesoneofUshersmusicalcompositionsasa.singularperversionandamplificationofthewildairofthelastwaltzofVonWeber.Poeherereferstoapopularpianoworkofhistimewhich,thoughgoingbythetitleWebersLastWaltzwasactuallycomposedbyCarlGottliebReissiger(17981859).AmanuscriptcopyofthemusicwasfoundamongWeberspapersuponhisdeathin1826andtheworkwasmistakenlyattributedtohim.UsherspaintingremindsthenarratoroftheSwiss-bornBritishpainterHenryFuseli(17411825).,-,17,SymbolismTheFungus-RiddenMansion:DeclineoftheUsherfamily.TheCollapsingMansion:FalloftheUsherfamily.TheTarn,aSmallLakeEncirclingtheMansionandReflectingItsImage:(1)MadelineasthetwinofRoderick,reflectinghisimageandpersonality;(2)theimageofrealitywhichRoderickandthenarratorperceive;thoughthewaterofthetarnreflectsdetailsexactly,theimageisupsidedown,leavingopenthepossibilitythatRoderickandthenarratorseeafalsereality;(3)thedesireoftheUsherstoisolatethemselvesfromtheoutsideworld.,-,18,The“Vacanteye-like”WindowsoftheMansion:(1)Hollow,cadaverouseyesofRoderickUsher;(2)MadelineUsherscatalepticgaze;(3)thevacuityoflifeintheUshermansion.TheBridgeOvertheTarn:ThenarratorasRoderickUshersonlylinktotheoutsideworld.ThenameUsher:Anusherisadoorkeeper.Inthissense,RoderickUsheropensthedoortoafrighteningworldforthenarrator.TheStorm:Theturbulentemotionsexperiencedbythecharacters.,-,19,Literarysignificanceandcriticism,TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisconsideredPoesmostfamousworkofprose.ThishighlyunsettlingmacabreworkisrecognizedasamasterpieceofAmericanGothicliterature.Indeed,asinmanyofhistales,PoeborrowsmuchfromtheGothictradition.Still,asG.R.ThomsonwritesinhisIntroductiontoGreatShortWorksofEdgarAllanPoe,thetalehaslongbeenhailedasamasterpieceofGothichorror;itisalsoamasterpieceofdramaticironyandstructuralsymbolism.TheFalloftheHouseofUsherhasalsobeencriticizedforbeingtooformulaic.PoewascriticizedforfollowinghisownpatternsestablishedinworkslikeMorellaandLigeiausingstockcharactersinstockscenesandstocksituations.Repetitivethemeslikeanunidentifiabledisease,madness,andresurrectionarealsocriticized.,-,20,PoesinspirationforthestorymaybebaseduponeventsoftheUsherHouse,locatedonBostonsLewisWharf.Asthatstorygoes,asailorandtheyoungwifeoftheolderownerwerecaughtandentombedintheirtrystingspotbyherhusband.WhentheUsherHousewastorndownin1800,twobodieswerefoundembracedinacavityinthecellar.10AnothersourceofinspirationmaybefromanactualcouplebythenameMr.andMrs.LukeUsher,thefriendsandfellowactorsofhismotherElizaPoe.11ThecoupletookcareofElizasthreechildren(includingPoe)duringhertimeofillnessandeventualdeath.ScholarsspeculatethatPoe,whowasaninfluenceonHermanMelville,inspiredthecharacterofAhabinMelvillesnovelMoby-Dick.JohnMcAleermaintainedthattheideaforobjectifyingAhabsflawedcharactercamefromtheevocativeforceofPoesTheFalloftheHouseofUsher.InbothAhabandthehouseofUsher,theappearanceoffundamentalsoundnessisvisiblyflawedbyAhabslividscar,andbythefissureinthemasonryofUsher.12,-,21,In1980theCzechsurrealistfilmmakerJanvankmajeradaptedthestoryasashortfilmrelyingentirelyonimageryandinanimateobjectsinplaceofactors.Inthe2008DavidDeCoteaufilm,itisimpliedthatthehouseisalivingbeing,dependentonthehumansoulsthatRoderickandMadelineprovideitwith.ThecentralcharacteriscalledVictorReynolds,areferencetothenameallegedlycalledoutbyPoethenightbeforehisdeath.,-,22,Film,TVortheatricaladaptations,Inthelow-budgetRogerCormanfilmfrom1960,knownintheUnitedStatesasHouseofUsher,thenarratorfallsinlovewiththesicklyMadeline,muchtoRoderickshorror.AsRoderickreveals,theUsherfamilyhasahistoryofevilandcrueltysogreatthatheandMadelinepledgedintheiryouthnevertohavechildrenandtoallowtheirfamilytodiewiththem.WhenMadelinefallsintoadeathlikecatalepsy,herbrother(whoknowsthatsheisstillalive)rushestohaveherplacedinthefamilycrypt.Whenshewakesup,Madelinegoesinsanefrombeingburiedaliveandbreaksfreewithinsanity-inducedstrength.Sheconfrontsherbrotherandbeginsthrottlinghimtodeath.Suddenlythehouse,alreadyaflameduetoafallenlitcandle,beginstocollapseandthenarratorfleesasRoderickiskilledbyMadelineandbothsheandtheUsherssoleservantareconsumedbythefallinghouse.ThefilmwasCormansfirstinaseriesofeightfilmsinspiredbytheworksofEdgarAllanPoe.,-,23,StyleandImageryWordChoicePoecarefullymakeseveryword,everyphrase,everysentenceinthestorycontributetotheoveralleffect,horror,accompaniedbyoppressingmorbidityandanxiousanticipationofterrifyingevents.Notice,forexample,thetenorofthewordsintheopeningsentenceofthestory.Ihaveunderlinedthosethathelpestablishthemoodandatmosphere.Duringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry;andatlengthfoundmyself,astheshadesoftheeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher.,-,24,RhythmButbesidespaintingagloomypicture,thewordsintheparagraphalsobeatoutafunerealrhythmatfirstthroughthealliterationofduring,dull,dark,andday,andthenthroughtherhymingsuffixesofoppressively,singularly,andmelancholy.,-,25,AlliterationAlliterationoccursfrequentlyintherestofthestory，insuchphrasesasthefollowing:iciness,asinking,asickeningoftheheartcadaverousnessofcomplexionfeeblea