早产儿的护理英文

Careofpreterminfants,Neonatalclassification,Thecharacteristicsofpreterminfants,Thereasonsofpreterminfants,Relevantnursingproblemsandmeasures,1,2,3,4,Healtheducation,5,MainContent,Neonatalclassification,Birthweight,Weightandgestationalage,Gestationalage,Accordingtotheclassificationofgestationalage,Full-terminfant：37足周胎龄42足周Pre-terminfant：28足周胎龄37足周Post-terminfant：胎龄42足周,Accordingtotheclassificationofbirthweight,1.Normalweightinfant：2500gBW4000g2.Lowbirthweightinfant：BW2500g的新生儿3.Verylowbirthweightinfant:BW1500g的新生儿4.Extremelylowbirthweightinfant:BW1000g的新生儿5.Giantinfant：BW4000g的新生儿,Accordingtotheclassificationofbirthweight,Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenbirthweightandgestationalage,1.Appropriateforgestationalage第10百分位体重第90百分位2.Smallforgestationalage出生体重第10百分位3.Largeforgestationalage出生体重第90百分位,Appearancecharacteristics,Physiologicalcharacteristics,Thecharacteristicsofpreterminfants,Theappearanceofprematureinfants,Theappearanceofprematureinfants,Appearance,Prematurebabies,四肢屈曲状,肌张力差,Fullmoon,Theskin,红润，皮下脂肪丰富，毳毛少,绛红，水肿，发亮，毳毛多,Prematurebabies,Fullmoon,Genitals(male),Prematurebabies,睾丸已降，阴囊多皱摺,睾丸未降、阴囊少皱摺,Fullmoon,Genitals(female),Fullmoon,Prematurebabies,大阴唇遮盖小阴唇,大阴唇不能遮盖小阴唇,Mammarygland,Prematurebabies,Fullmoon,Plantar-print,Prematurebabies,Fullmoon,Auricular,Prematurebabies,Fullmoon,生理特点,循环,呼吸,泌尿,消化,神经,免疫,体温,Physiologicalcharacteristics,Respiratorysystem:1.Therespiratorycenterisnotmature,easyapnea2.Alveolarsurfaceactivesubstance,lesseasytohappenpulmonaryhyalinemembranedisease3.Thecoughresponseispoor,pronetoinhalationlunginflammationoratelectasisCirculatorysystem:heartrate,bloodpressurewaslowerthanthoseoffullterm,thecapillaryabnormalbloodvessels,highbrittleness,encountereasilybleeding,Physiologicalcharacteristics,Digestivesystem:1.Thestomachcapacityissmall,cardiacsphincterrelaxation,suckforceandtheswallowingreflexispoor,easytospillthemilk,chokingmilk.2.Avarietyofdigestiveenzymes,secretionofbilesaltlessfatdigestionandabsorptionoffatispoor,pronetonecrotizingenterocolitis;TheliverThefunctionisnotperfect,isnotentirelytobilirubinmetabolism,andphysiologyJaundiceisheavier,andthelongtime;TheliversynthesisofclottingfactorsandeggsWhitematterlesspronetoproduceanemiaandhypoalbuminemia,liverglycogenstoragedeposit,lesspronetohypoglycemia.,Physiologicalcharacteristics,Thermoregulation:bodytemperatureadjustmentfunctionisnotperfect,basalmetabolismislow,Easilyhappenedhypothermiaandhardswollen,sweatglandfunctionatthesametimecanispoor,theenvironmentofhightemperatureheateasily.Immunesystem:thehumoralimmunityandcellularimmunityarenotperfect,andeasytodevelop.Allkindsofinfectiousdiseases,andthedifferenceaftertheillnessisthemoreheavy,theyareeasyinsepsis.,Physiologicalcharacteristics,Urinarysystem:renalfunctionisnotperfect,pronetowaterandelectricitysolutionquality,andthedisorder.Functionofthenervoussystem:thesmallertheage,thepoor,allkindsofreflectionalsothemorebad.,Pregnantwomenfactors:1.Theuterinetumor,endometritis,andcervixrelaxation;Pelvisandspinaldeformities2.Pregnancy-inducedhypertensionsyndrome:3.Chronicdiseasessuchas:heartdisease,kidneydisease,nephritis,liverdisease,sugarUrinarydisease,endocrinedisorders,severepulmonarytuberculosis4.Anemiaandseverehemolyticdisease;Acuteinfectiousdiseasesaccompaniedbyhighfeveracuteorchronicpoisoning;5.Intenseemotionalfluctuations,orstrain6.Accidentalinjuryorsurgery.7.BadhabitsandhobbyFetalplacentalfactors：1.Thetwinsorfetalabnormalities2.Earlyruptureorplacentaprevia,placentaearlystripping3.Multiplepregnanciesorhydramnios,abnormalumbilicalcord,etc,Thereasonsofpreterminfants,Relevantnursingproblemsandmeasures,Infantfeedinginvalid,Temperatureregulationisinvalid,Thereisariskofinfection,Unabletomaintainspontaneousbreathing,Anxiety,Nursingproblems,Nursingmeasures,1.Generalcare:1)Suitablefortheenvironment：室温24-26晨间护理增至27-28，湿度55-65.2)Givetherightposition：侧卧，每2-3h更换1次.3)Closelyobservetheillness：监测体温、呼吸、脉搏等生命体征，注意观察患儿的精神、进食、反射、面色、哭声以及大小便的情况等。,2.Symptomaticcare1)Keepstabletemperature：Tokeepwarm：合理设置暖箱的温度出箱的条件：体重增至2000g以上，体温能保持正常,吸允良好Preventheatdissipation：双手温暖，氧气应加温、加湿Monitorthebodytemperature：每4小时一次。体温稳定后每天测2次，并记录,Thenormaltemperatureofdifferentbirthweight,出生温箱温度体重（kg）353433321.0初生10天内10天后3周以后5周以后1.5初生10天内10天后4周以后2.0初生2天内2天后3周以后2.5初生2天相对湿度5565%,2)Reasonablemasterfedmilkvolumeandtimeinterval,喂养时注意观察婴儿面色及心率、血氧的变化,选择合适的奶头与体位,3)Topreventinfection:医护人员严格消毒隔离制度，强化洗手意识。应加强口腔、皮肤及脐部的护理：发现微小病灶都应及时处理，保持皮肤的完整性和清洁；确保空气及仪器物品洁净，严格控制入室人数，防止交叉感染。,4)Tomaintainnormalbreathing,positionundertheshoulderpadisasoftpillow；出现呼吸暂停时：吸氧：持续低浓度（30-40）拍打足底、托背呼吸等5)