英语句子成分分析ppt课件

.,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,.,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,.,找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,.,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：HereachedParis.不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!,类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.,.,误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事,易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：,.,误：knockthedoor正：knockonatthedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物,.,误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信,1.Nomatterhowmuchyouvelearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon,.,2.Thepupil_hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_toanswertheteachersquestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraise,.,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,.,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词keep,remain,stay例如：Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。,.,4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.,.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(过去分词),.,定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,.,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.,.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,.,同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.,名词,代词,数词,从句,.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,.,句子成份练习,1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.6、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.,状语,表语,间语+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,.,句子类型,.,句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidnthearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,cantshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Donttalkinclass.4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!,.,2、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspapers.,.,简单句的五种基本句型：一、主语不及物动词e.g.a.Wintercomes.b.Thisfactoryopenedin1989.二、主语及物动词宾语e.g.Shehasboughtanewhouse.,.,三、主语连系动词表语e.g.a.Shelookedworried.b.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachersintheschool.四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语e.g.Myfatherboughtmealotofbooks.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语e.g.a.Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.b.Weconsiderhimverysmart.,.,2)并列句：由并列连词（and,