初中任务型阅读技巧.ppt

,初中任务型阅读解题技巧,任务型阅读简介任务型阅读是阅读理解题的一部分，通过学生对阅读材料进行归纳概括，寻找有用细节信息，进行推理判断然后写出最适当的答案。它要求学生能够理解材料的主旨要义，理解文中具体信息，根据上下文推断生词的词义，做出简单判断和推理，理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图和态度等。任务型阅读主要考查考生是否能够有效地运用语言“做事”的能力，体现了语言能力、智力能力和社会经验等方面能力的有机结合。,任务型阅读的指导策略任务型阅读的命题形式大致有如下几种：1.根据文章内容回答问题；对文章中的某一句或几句进行英译汉或汉译英的翻译；2.根据文章内容填入所缺单词；3.给文章拟标题；4.用适当的词替换目标单词；5.举出与文章主题相关的另一个例子等。下面就其中最常见的几种命题形式简单阐述一下指导方法：,题型一：根据文章内容回答问题这种命题形式是初中英语任务型阅读最常见的形式。问题有针对全文大意的，也有针对细节内容的。具体指导策略:（1）做题方法。针对这种形式，比较好的方法是先看问题，然后带着问题读文章，概括总结文章大意或把与问题相关的细节处划出来，再通过阅读上下文写出答案。（2）答案书写的规范性。回答问题的形式有两种：用完整句子回答和用关键字或词回答。用完整的句子回答问题要注意句子的逻辑性和针对性，还要注意句子在语法上的准确性。,题型二：对文章中的某一句或几句进行英译汉或汉译英的翻译需要翻译的句子不是孤立的，而是放在语境中的，有特定的上下文。因此，仅仅从语法角度去翻译还不够，要让句子回归文章。具体指导策略:(l)通读全文，了解主旨。(2)细读所需翻译句子，再把它回归文中去做充分的理解。(3)解决句子中的关键词，比如要把文章中“Heiskindandfriendlytothosewhoarepoorandweak.”这个句子翻译成中文，搞清楚he指代的是什么最关键，这就要求学生充分阅读上下文才能准确定位。(4)注意中英文的不同表达习惯，不断调整句子，使之符合语法规范。,题型三：给文章拟标题给文章拟标题要精练、准确、到位。比较常见的文章标题形式有:动词短语、名词短语和问题形式。具体指导策略:(l)把握文章主题，作者的写作意图，所要体现的精神或所要解决的问题。(2)寻找文章中的概括性语言、或能体现文章精髓的中心句，特别是在首段和末段。(3)对找到的句子进行加工和整合，概括出标题，注意标题形式。,题型四：根据课文内容填入所缺单词它主要考察学生的单词拼写，词形转换，掌握人称和数的变化，正确把握时态语态，运用固定搭配等能力。,Americanslovesportstheylovetoplaythem,towatchthemontelevision,andtotalkaboutthem.Butthishobbysometimeshasseriousresultsatleasttotheplayers.Forexample,whenpeopleplaytennis,sometimestheyhurttheirelbow（肘部）andinthiswaytheydevelop“tenniselbow”.Alsoitiseasytohurtakneeinafootballgame.Theseinjuries（损伤）happenwhiletheplayerishavingfun,buttheystillhurt.Afewmonthsago,KathleenSimmons,wholovesplayingvolleyball,hurtherkneeinavolleyballgame.Herdoctortoldherthatsheneededaverydifficultoperation（手术）orshemightnotbeabletoplayagain.Shefeltverysadanddidntknowwhattodo.ThenSimmonslearnedabout“videooperation”.Withthehelpofthisnewscienceinmedicine,doctorscannowrepairmanyinjuriesandgetpeoplebackontheplayingfieldandbacktotheirjobsmuchfaster.Simmonsfoundahospitalthatwasusingthisnewscienceandwenttoseethedoctorthere.Thedoctorstoldhertheoperationcouldhelp.”,Forthisoperation,herdoctordidnthavetoopenherknee.Insteadheputaverysmallcameralens（镜头）insideherknee.Thelenssentbackpictures,whichappearedonatelevisionscreen.Asheworked,hecouldseetheinsideofherkneeontheTV.Withthehelpofthelargepicturesonthescreen,thedoctorknewexactlywhattodowhenhewasmakingtherepairs.Simmonsstartedwalkingfivedaysafterheroperation.“Mykneehurtalotthefirstfewdays,”shesaid.“ButIfeltbetterveryquickly.”Now,sixmonthsafterheroperation,Simmonscandoeverythingshedidbeforeherinjury.“Itfeelslikeanewknee,”shesaid.“Icanevenplayvolleyballagain.,1.DoAmericanslovesports?_2.WhatsportisSimmonsinterestedin?_3.WhatdidthedoctorputinsideSimmonsknee?_4.Whatproblemmaypeoplehavewhentheyplaysports?_5.Whatstheadvantage（优点）ofthenewscience?_,1.Yes./Yes,theydo.2.Volleyball.3.Acameralens.4.Theymaygethurt.5.Doctorscandooperationsmoreeasilyandpatientscangetwellmorequickly.,Ifyougointotheforestswithfriends,staywiththem.Ifyoudont,youmaygetlost.Ifyoudogetlost,thisiswhatyoushoulddo.Sitdownandstaywhereyouare.Donttrytofindyourfriends.Letthemfindyou.Youcanhelpthemtofindyou(1)_stayinginoneplace.Thereisanotherwaytohelpyourfriendsorotherpeopletofindyou.(2)Givethemasignal(信号)byshoutingorwhistling(吹口哨)threetimes.Stop.Thenshoutorwhistlethreetimesagain.Anysignalgiventhreetimesisacallforhelp.Keeponshoutingorwhistling,alwaysthreetimestogether.Whenpeoplehearyou,theywillgivetowshoutsortwowhistles.Whenasignalisgiventwice,itisananswertoacallforhelp.Ifyoudontthinkthatyouwillgethelpbeforenightcomes,trytomakeasmallroomwithbranches.(树枝)(3)如果你饿了后需要喝水，你该怎么办？Youwouldhavetoleaveyourlittlebranchroomtolookforsomethingtoeatanddrink.Dontjustwalkaway.Sothatyoucanfindyourwayback.Themostimportantthingtodowhenyouareloststayinoneplace.,1.将（1）处填入适当的词，使句意完整，通顺_.2.将第（2）句译成汉语_.3.将第（3）句译成英语_.4.找出文中与Whenyouaremarching,dropsomebranchesontheway.意思相近的句子。_.5.找出或写出文中最能表达短文主题的句子。_.,1.by2.通过三声尖叫或是吹三次口哨给他们发信号3.Whatshouldyoudoifyougethungryorneedtodrinkwater4.Youwouldhavetoleaveyourlittlebranchroomtolookforsomethingtoeatanddrink.Dontjustwalkaway5.Ifyoudogetlost,thisiswhatyoushoulddo.,Readingnewspapershasbecomeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.Somepeoplereadnewspapersasthefirstthingtodointhemorning,othersreadnewspapersassoonastheyhavefreetimeduringthedaysothattheylearnwhatishappeningintheworld.(1)有时侯，我们忙得没有时间读全部新闻。Sowejusttakeaquicklookatthefrontpage.Attheothertimes,wemaybeinsuchahurrythatweoftenhaveafewminutestolookatthenamesofthepassages.Newspaperscanbefoundaroundtheworld.Wecangetmanydifferentkindsofnewspapersinbigcities,butinsomemountainvillageswecanseefewnewspapers.Somenewspaperscomeoutonceaweek,butmostofthepapersarepublishedonceadaywithmanypages,someevenpublishedtwiceaday!Youknowdifferentpeopleenjoyreadingdifferentnewspapers,somelikeworldnews,andothersprefershortstories.Theyonlychoose(2)_theylike.(3)TodaynewspapersinEnglishhavethelargestnumberofreadersintheworld.TheEnglishlanguageissopopularthatmanyChinesestudentsarereadingEnglishnewspaperssuchasChinaDailyor21stCentury.TheybringusmoreandmoremessagestogetherwiththeInternet,1.将第（1）句译成英语_.2.将（2）处填入适当的词，使句意完整，通顺_.3.将第（3）句译成汉语_.4.找出文中与Therearenewspapersacrosstheworld.意思相近的句子。_.5.找出或写出文中最能表达短文主题的句子。_.,1.Sometimeswearetoobusytoreadallthenews2.what3.如今,英文报纸在世界上有数量最多的读者4.Newspaperscanbefoundaroundtheworld.5.Readingnewspapershasbecomeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.,Theprogram“ChinaYearinRussia(俄罗斯)”hasended,buttheculturaltiesbetweenthetwocountriesgrowstronger.“Chinesefever(中国热)”continuesinRussia.Fifty-year-oldWeiDehanhasbeenstudyingChinesecultureforthirtyyears.HewasamongthefirstRussianstoopenaChineseteahouseinMoscow.Thatwasin1995.HealsoteachesChineselanguageandTaiChi(太极).2)During“ChinaYearinRussia”,hesetupamagazineintroducingChineseculture.Itspopularwithlocalreaders.InRussia,youngpeoplewhocanspeakChinese1)_byeveryindustry.YoungpeoplewhoareabletospeakChineselanguagefindjobseasily.Some15-thousandpeopleattendChineselanguageclassesinRussia.TheConfuciusInstitute(孔子学院),theworld-wideChineselanguageandcultureeducationcenter,hasbeensetupinthirteenofRussiasuniversitiesandcolleges.Besi