初中英语单词辨析ppt课件

.,Sunday周日Monday周一Tuesday周二Wednesday周三Thursday周四Friday周五Saturday周六,January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月,.,对sorry的回答=ThatsOK=Thatsallright.=Itdoesntmatter=Nevermind没关系不用谢.=ThatsOK=Thatsallright.=Notatall.=Dontmentionit.=Yourewelcome=Itsa/mypleasure.(事情发生之后)我乐意效劳Withpleasure.=Mypleasure=Iamgladto.（事情发生之前）,.,affordtodo或+n买得起，担负得起常和cancould或beableto连用。Hecanaffordthewatch.Wecantaffordtobuyacar,.,likeas区别1as+句子。like+名词或代词。Hedrinkslikeafish.他像鱼一样地喝水。Hebeattheballhardashisfatherdid.他击球像他父亲一样地狠。Doastheteachertoldyou.按照老师告诉你的做2like像一样（实际上不是）as作为，以身份（实际上是）Hetalkedtomelikemyfather.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）Hetalkedtomeasmyfather.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。（他是我父亲）,.,believesb/sth/that+句子相信（人说的话）believeinsb相信，信任某人Idontbelievewhathesaid.work/studyhard努力学习hard-workingadj勤奋的掉e,加-ly的副词，terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gentlyprobableprobablysharethejoyandpain/sadnesswitheachother彼此分享快乐和痛苦,.,十二（一）so与的such区别这么so+adj./advsothat“如此以至于”such+n.(短语)suchthat.”如此以至于”eg.1soniceapicture=averynicepicture=such/quiteanicepicture2suchbadniceweatheru3suchnicepicturespl.注意：somany/much/few/little等表示数量的，一律用sothat，不用suchthatWehavesomuchhomeworktodothatWedonthaveenoughtimetosleep.我们有这么多的作业要做以至于没有足够的时间去睡觉（二）Thenumberofthestudentsis50.的数量Anumberofstudentsareverypoor.许多,.,（六）neitherof两个都不是neithernor反义词bothof两个都是both.andnoneof3个都不是反义词allof3个都是either(1)两者之一eitherofeitheror(2)“也”否定句的句尾，作用相当于肯定句的tooeachof中的每一个不能说every/nooneof,.,四许多anamountof+u=much+uanumberof+c=many+cplentyof+cu=alotof/lotsof+cu一些some+cuafew+calittle+uTonyis10yearsoldthisyear.Tonyisa10-year-oldboy.,.,.,mostly=-mainlyadv.主要地mostly大部分,主要地thought想法，看法，idea主意lifec生命lose/takehislife失去/夺走u生活inmylife/inourdailylifebuild建立,建造buildupourbody增强我们的体质,.,情态动词1cancouldmaymightmustneed+V不与willwould连用shallshouldwillwould+V2cant不可能，不能mustnt千万不能，表示禁止3情态动词的过去式与原形相比，语气更为委婉。可能性更低，有时候并不表示过去时,4情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：Canyousing?MayIcomein?MustIhandinthebooknow?,.,5can和may都能表示“可能性”时的区别在肯定句中用may不用can;Hemayberight.他可能对。Hemayknow.他也许知道。(2)在否定句和疑问句中用can不用mayCanitbetrue?No,itcantbetrue.(3)祝福wishsbsth=maysbdo=hopethatMayyousucceed(v).=Wishyousuccess.(n)=Ihopeyouwillsucceed.祝你成功6oughtto否定为oughtnotto应该oughttodo=besupposedtodo=shoulddo,.,代词1it,one,thatthose的区别it指上文提到过的事物。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。that,those常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，单数用that复数用those避免重复.(1)Ihavemanybooks.Which_doyoulike?(2)Thebookismine._isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan_inHainan.(4)Thepantsinthisshoparebetterthanthoseinthatshop.,one,It,that,.,2.it的几种特殊用法作形式宾语或形式主语时Itseasytoclimbthehill.IfounditinterestingtolearnEnglish不知姓别或是谁时用it,或代替天气Whoisitatthedoor?ItsJim.,.,itworks=itdoes.起作用，奏效dealwith=dowith对付，处理HowtodealwiththisproblemWhattodowiththisproblem怎样处理这个问题,.,除了什么只能做什么.candonothingbutdohavenothingtodobutdohavenochoicebuttodo只要前面出现了do后面就不用加toEgIcandonothingbutdothehomework.无可选择不得不做什么.Hehadnochoicebuttojointheparty.除了做什么没事可做.Shehadnothingtodobutgoonworking,.,howoften隔多久一次howlong多长时间howfar多远距离howmany+【c】多少howmuch+【u】多少（钱）howsoon将来的多久之后howold几岁happyadjhappilyadveathealthilyhappinessn,.,反身代词有以下常见搭配：enjoyoneself玩的开心helponeselfto随便吃teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学byoneself单独，靠自己5killoneself自杀6makeoneselfathome随便点,别拘束7loseoneselfin沉浸在中8dressoneself给自己穿衣服,.,（四）prefer的用法1preferdoing/todo更喜欢prefer（doing）Ato(doing)B比起(做)B更喜欢（做）A3prefertodoratherthan(to)do比起做更喜欢做treatvt.对待，治疗，款待treatas把看作treatsb.tosth.用款待某人,.,（二）inthefield在田野里onthefarm在农场inthetree外来物在树上onthetree水果等长在树上（三）otheradj.(形容词)+名词“其余的”otherspron.(代词)不加名词“其余的人或物，别人”eachother2个彼此，互相oneanother3个之间彼此theother+名词“其余全部的”theothers不加名词“其余全部的人或物”onetheother.（2个中的）一个另一个another+单数名词，“另一个”Pleasegivemeanothertenminutes请再给我十分钟tenmoreminutes,.,1Itskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.你来帮助我真是太好了（形容人的性格，品质等，用of)2.Itsdifficultforyoutofinishit。对于你来说完成它太难了。5年后5yearslater=after5yearsin5years（将来时提问用howsoon）5年前5yearsago,.,例如suchas后面不能有逗号，举多个例子可以加doingforexample后面有逗号，举一个例子lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顾careabout关心，介意,.,时间介词1in(a)用于长的时间段前世纪，年，季节，周，inacentury/year/week(b)泛指的上下午inthemorning/evening2on用于具体的某一天，或某一天上下午onMaythefirstonSunday(afternoon)3at用于几点钟前athalfpastfour,.,4前面不用介词的时间（a）today（今天）tomorrow(morning)明天（早上）yesterday(evening)昨天（晚上）thedayaftertomorrow(后天),thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）this,next,last,that，every等开头的时间短语Eg.this/thatyear今年/那年next/lastSunday(morning)下/上周日（上午）,.,5希望：hope+that从句hopetodohopeforsth(名词)wish(sb)todowishsbsth(名词）表示祝愿WewishyouahappyNewYear.6建议advisesbtodosthsuggestdoingsthsuggest(sth)tosb把某物建议给某人suggestthat(should)+V原,.,更多manymore+pl.muchmore+u或多音节adj.和adv.eg.manymorestudents.muchmorerice.muchmoreexpensive,.,1lookfor寻找find找到具体事物findout发现,找出来抽象的事物2lookat看see看见3listento听hear听见4puton穿上wear/be(dressed)in穿着dresssb/oneself,.,Who与whom的区别如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，两者皆可用；如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，放在介词后时只能用whom,不能与who通用Eg.刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？1Whosthegirlwhom/whoyoutalkedtojustnow?2Whosthegirltowhomyoutalkedjustnow?,.,在上面1above“在.之上”，表示位置之高,反义词为below.Theplaneisabovetheriver.2over表示垂直向上。比较精确，反义词为underThebridgeisovertheriver.3on“在.之上”，两个物体表面相接触，反义词beneath,.,问天气Whatstheweatherlike?Howistheweather?问星期几Whatdayisittoday?问几号Whatsthedatetoday?概数millionsof确数5million,.,1tootodo太以至于不能sothat+句子如此以至于Weweretootiredtowalk.Weweresotiredthatwecouldntwalk.2befamous/knownfor由于而出名befamous/knownas(职业)作为出名3(1)whatdoyoulike(aboutChina)?(Ilike)TheGreatWall.你喜欢中国的什么HowdoyoulikeChina?你觉得中国如何？=whatdoyouthinkofChina?Itsgreat.Ilikeitverymuch.,.,Vt及物动词,有被动,后面要加宾语Vi不及物动词,没有被动，后面不能加宾语vt=vi+prep(介词)reach=getto=arriveat/in到达没有被动的词1“发生”takeplace非偶然发生(vi)happentodo/tosb偶然发生(vi)2lastvi持续（Themeetinglastedtwohours.）3“出版”publish及物动词（vt），有被动comeout不及物动词(vi)，没有被动,.,1in范围之内on范围之外，相邻或接壤to范围之外，不相邻2doexercise做锻炼=do/havesportsudomorning/eyeexercises做早操/做眼保健操cpl.3参观visit=payavisitto=beonavsittovn.n.4liketodo/doing喜欢干(v.)be/looklike像/看起来像(prep介词)5welladj.身体好goodadj.好adv好，修饰动词,.,wouldrather+Vthan+V“宁愿而不愿”ratherthan“而不是”连接两个平行结构allowdoingsth.允许干某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人干某事sb.beallowedtodosth.某人被允许干某事minddoing介意干Doyoumindif.?(一般现在时)请求对方的许可,.,含双宾语的动词（pass,give,send,show,buy,teach等）主动变为被动时,将物变为主语,人前要有介（for或to）。,Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Thebookwasgiventomebyhim.,.,Iheardhimsinginthenextschool.hewasheardtosinginthenextschool.,在主动语态中,动词make,let,see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice等后加V原，变成被动时，后面要加to.,.,1.Herfriendsentheragiftyesterday.Agift_heryesterdaybyherfriend.She_agiftyesterdaybyherfriend.,wassentto,wassent,2.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Anewbike_mebymyfather.I_anewbikebymyfather.,wasboughtfor,wasbought,.,1inthecorner(of):在里面的拐角处,三角行内的角eg屋面的拐角处有一张桌子Thereisatableinthecornerofthehouse2onthecorner(of):在拐角之上。eg在桌子角上放着个杯子Thereisacuponthecornerofthetable3athecorner(of):在拐角外面,三角行的外角Eg请在前面的拐角处左拐Phecorneratthecorner,.,1cost主语是物，花费钱Thebookcostmetenyuan.2spend主语是人，花费钱或时间spend(in)doingspendonsth.take主语是it，花费时间Ittakessb.sometimetodosth4pay主语是人，付钱payfor,除了之外accept（不包括在内）inadditionto（包括在内）,.,1“许多”alotof=lotsof+名词，两可修“许多”many+cmuchu“一些”some(肯定句)any(否定句和疑问句)“非常，经常”alot=verymuch放在V动词后“很，非常”very=quite+adj./adv.Ilikeitverymuch.Itsverybig.2abitof=alittle+u“一些”afew+c“一些”abit=alittle=kindof+adj/adv“有点”notatall一点也不3so/toomuch+u这么多/太多so/toomany+c这么多/太多muchtoo+adj.实在太,.,介词除了1besides除了以外还有，包括在内BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.（王先生也去了）2except只有除外,不包括在内WeallwenttoseethefilmexceptMr.Wang.(王先生没去）3exceptfor除了(美中不足)Thecompositionisgreatexceptthewriting1besideprep.在旁边besidesprep.除了2includev包括includingprep包括,.,putup张贴，挂起putituponthewallputon穿上putaway收拾好putituponthewallofmybedroom把它贴在我卧室的墙上inthechildhood在童年时期,.,一Thesametoyou.给你同样的祝福thesamewithsb.和某人情况相同（两个人）thesameas和一样（两件东西）Thankyouallthesame还是要谢谢你allthetime一直二athirdtime=asecondtime再一次，又一次，用于将来时，事情没有做thethirdtime第三次，用于过去时三认为是,把看作regardas=seeas=consider+n./adjconsiderdoingsth考虑干,.,lookfor寻找（动作）find找到，发现具体的东西（结果）如bagfindout经过调查等发现抽象的东西，如result，truthStudentsshoulddoeverythingtheycan(do)toimprovetheirstudy.学生们应该做他们能做的一切去提高他们的学习成绩,.,五expectsbtodosth期待某人干某事beexpectedto某人有希望干，期待1Sheisexpectedtobeagooddoctor.她有希望成为一名好医生2Weexpectedhimtoarriveyesterday.我们原以为他昨天能到.besupposedtodo应该=shoulddo,.,六bring带来，拿来bringto,bringhere,take带去，拿去taketo,takethere,某人随身带某物takesth.withsb.carry运载,携带,没有方向carryabasketfetch去拿来(来回)notjustbut=notonlybut（also）不但而且notbut不是而是ItsjustwhatIneed.它正是我需要的。,.,七tall和high的区别人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，用tall，风筝，飞机等用high，建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。high可作副词，tall不能。tall的反义词为short,high的反义词为low.,.,1纸paperuapieceofpaper一张纸报纸newspapersc试卷test/exampapersc2三天的假期a3-dayholidaya3daysholiday请三天假askfor3daysoff,.,3hopetodo希望干hopeforsth希望得到hopethat+句子4wish(sb)todo祝人干wishsbsth祝愿WewishyouahappyNewYear.我们祝你新年快乐5advisesbtodo建议某人干某事suggestdoingsth建议干suggeststhtosb把建议给人suggestthat(should)+V原,.,6inhersixties在她六十多岁的时候inthe1960s在20世纪60年代in1960在1960年onhersixtiethbirthday在她60岁生日的时候7faradj远的befarfromawayadv表示距离或者离开JinhuaisfarfromBeijing.金华离北京很远Jinhuais500kilometresawayfromBeijing。金华离北京有500公里距离远。Heisawayfromschoolfor5days.他离开学校有5天了。,.,8尽管although与though的区别1although放在句首，though句首和句尾都可以2though可以单独放在句尾作副词3eventhough可以连用9TheweatherinBJiscolderthanthatinHK（单数用that）BJiscolderthanHK.Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthanthoseintheirs.（复数用those）,.,点滴语法1infrontof在外部的前面in/atthefrontof在内部的前面atthebackof.在内部的后面2noise噪音makenoise发出噪音voice嗓音inalowvoice用一种低低的声音sound泛指各种声音noisyadj嘈杂的3sometime某时sometime一段时间sometimes有时sometimes几次4以-ed结尾的adj修饰人以-ing结尾的adj修饰物Iaminterestedintheinterestingnews.,.,1这么大的一棵树2funn快乐的事sobigatreefunnyadj快乐的such/quiteabigtreeaverybigtree3rainnv（下）雨rainyadj有雨的4late迟到later稍后，后来latest最新的5differentadj不同的6difficultadj.困难的differencen不同之处difficultyn.困难之处,.,7interestnv（使某人对产生）兴趣take/haveaninterestinsthinterestsbinterestedadj修饰人beinterestedininterestingadj修饰物8enough可以放在名词前或后，要放在adj,adv的后面enoughbooksbooksenoughbigenough,.,1healthn.健康healthyadj.健康的=beingoodhealthheal