DDGS在猪料中运用的优缺点(1).ppt

1,Benefits&LimitationsofDistillersDriedGrainswithSolublesforSwineDiets干燥含残液烧酒糟在猪日粮中应用的优点及局限性,2,UnitedStatesEthanolOutlook美国酒精业展望,3,ProteinSources蛋白源,Proteinisoneofthemoreexpensivecomponentsofaration蛋白质是日粮中比较昂贵的成份之一Usually,nootherfeedstuffcombinationprovidesanequivalentnutrientbalanceatanequalpricetoacorn-SBMration通常，在相同成本的前提下，任何饲料原料的组合都不能提供像玉米-豆粕型日粮所提供的平衡养分Pigsrequireaminoacids,notprotein猪需要的是氨基酸，而非蛋白质。Soybeanmealisthe“GoldStandard”bywhichallaminoacidsourcesaremeasuredagainst豆粕是衡量所有氨基酸源的“黄金标准”,4,ProteinSources蛋白源,WiththetremendousgrowthoftheEthanolindustry,thereareever-increasingamountsofDDGSavailableforlivestockrations随着酒精工业的飞速发展，有越来越多的DDGS可供家畜日粮所用DDGSisaprotein/aminoacidsourcethatcanworkinswinedietsDDGS是一种可以应用在猪日粮中的蛋白/氨基酸源DDGSdoeshavelimitationsthatmustbeconsidered必须注意：DDGS确实存在一定的局限性,5,VariationsinNutrientQuality营养成分存在差异,BiggestconcernwithDDGS对DDGS最大的担忧9DDGSsamples(Cromwelletal,1993)9个DDGS样本Drymatter干物质87-93%Crudeprotein粗蛋白23-29%Crudefat粗脂肪3-12%Lysine赖氨酸.59-.89%Colorlightgoldentodarkbrown颜色：浅金黄色到深褐色Smellsweettosmokyorburnt气味:从甜味到烟味或烧焦味,6,LowQuality,LessDigestibleDDGS低质量、低消化率的DDGS,HighQuality,HighlyDigestibleDDGS高质量、高消化率的DDGS,EffectofProcessingMethodonDDGSQuality加工方法对DDGS质量的影响,7,NutrientVariability营养成分变异大,Lysine=.78%average赖氨酸=平均.78%However,from6samplesfromthesameplant:但是，来自同一生产厂6个样本的赖氨酸含量差异却很大:Lysinerangedfrom.65to.97%(1998)赖氨酸的范围从0.65到0.97%（1998）49%increasefromlowestvalue比最低值增加49%FromMay2002toApril2003,789samplesofDDGSwereanalyzedforproteinanditrangedfrom20.9to37.7%atacommerciallab从2002年5月到2003年4月,789个DDGS样本的商业实验室分析结果显示：蛋白质的含量从20.9到37.7%.,8,SourcesofVariation养分变异的来源,所使用的玉米存在差异VariationincornusedBasicallytriplethenutrientvalueofcorntogetthenutrientvalueintheresultingDDGS所得DDGS的养分含量基本上是玉米中该养分含量值的3倍Cornwith.23%lysine=DDGSwith.69%lysine含0.23%赖氨酸的玉米=含0.69%赖氨酸的DDGSCornwith.27%lysine=DDGSwith.81%lysine含.27%赖氨酸的玉米=含.81%赖氨酸的DDGS工厂的类型：新厂和老厂Typeofplant:OldvsNewWithin-plantvariations(yeast,temperature,etc)生产厂内部每批生产之间的变异（酵母，温度等）Nutrientavailabilityduetoprocessing加工条件对养分利用率的影响Over-heatinghasatremendousimpactonaminoacidavailability过热对氨基酸利用率有巨大影响,9,DryMillingProcess,Corn玉米,GroundCooked,发酵Fermentation,DistillersGrains,蒸馏Distilled,Separated,ThinStillageCondensedSolubles,酒精Ethanol,DDG+S,CO2,Alphaamylase-淀粉酶,Yeast&gluco-amylase酵母和葡糖淀粉酶,液体部分Liqui-faction,分离,酒糟,干燥压榨加工过程,粉碎熟化,稀薄的馏余物和浓缩残液,干燥含残液烧酒糟,10,SpecificationsforDDGSforSwineDiets猪日粮中DDGS规格,Moisturemaximumof12%水分26.5%Crudefatminimumof10%粗脂肪10%Crudefibermaximumof7.5%粗纤维10%)DDGS添加量高于10%ifdietsareformulatedusingdigestibleaminoacids如果日粮配合以可消化氨基酸为基础Totalvsavailablephosphorusbasis以总磷或有效磷为基础配制日粮FormulatingdietonanavailablePbasisincreaseseconomicbenefitandreducesPcontentofmanure以有效磷含量为基础配制日粮，可增加经济效益并降低粪便中的磷含量ProperlysampleeachloadofDDGS&useaconservativedigestibilityfactortodeterminetheamountofdigestiblenutrients准确地对每批DDGS取样并采用保守的消化率系数来判断可消化养分的总量,17,AppropriateInclusionRates适当的添加量,18,Mycotoxins霉菌毒素,Mycotoxinsareaconcern,especiallyforgestationandlactationdiets关注霉菌毒素，尤其对于妊娠和泌乳期日粮Checkwiththeplanttoseeiftheyarebuyingdamagedcorn查询厂家，看他们是否购买了发霉的玉米mycotoxinlevelincornwillbetripledintheresultingDDGS玉米中的霉菌毒素在DDGS中将会被扩大3倍Startwithalowinclusionrateforsowsandworkyourwayuptoyourmaximumcomfortlevel开始时以低水平的量添加给母猪，直到找到自己猪场最适合的添加水平,19,HealthBenefits?有益于健康？,Manyproducershavereportedthatincluding10%ormoreDDGSiseffectiveincontrollingileitisandHemorrhagicBowelSyndrome许多养殖者报道说添加10%或更多DDGS可以有效控制回肠炎和肠出血综合症UofMNobservedDDGSadditions:在明尼苏达大学的实验中，观察到添加DDGS后：helpedmaintainsmallintestineintegrity有助于维持小肠的完整性Nodifferencesingrowth,morbidity,ormortality猪的生长率、发病率或者死亡率没有改变SDSUresearchsawnobenefittoeitherDDGSorsoyhulladditionsduringanileitischallenge.南达科达州立大学的研究发现在回肠炎发病期间添加DDGS或大豆皮对该病没有效果,20,EffectofChallengeonGrowthRate攻击对生长的效果,TrtP=.02,TrtP=.02,a,bdifferentsuperscriptsindicatedifferencebetweentreatmentgroups(P0.05).a,b上标不同字母表示不同处理组间差异显著（P0.05）,a,a,a,b,a,a,a,b,攻击后21天攻击后35天,平均日增重(磅),21,EffectofDietonFecalSheddingviaPCRAnalysis用PCR技术分析不同日粮对粪便排泄病原体的影响,a,b,a,b上标不同字母代表处理组间差异显著(P0.05).,a,a,a,b,a,b,天数,0天,14天,21天,28天,22,HealthBenefits?有益于健康？,“Twoanecdotesdonotmakeonefact”“两件轶事不能构成一个事实”VeterinariansreportthatDDGSiseffectiveagainstileitis/HBSaboutonly50%ofthetime兽医报道说，DDGS有效抵御回肠炎和肠出血综合症的几率仅为50%。UsecautionwhenapplyinganeconomicvaluetoDDGSshealthbenefitsuntiltheycanbequantified对于DDGS有益于健康的说法赋予经济价值时应该谨慎，直到能够对这些有益作用进行定量时为止。,23,EffectofDDGSonCarcassQualityDDGS对胴体质量的影响,UofMinnesotalookedat0,10,20,&30%DDGSingrow-finishdiets明尼苏达大学在生长育肥猪日粮中添加0,10,20和30%DDGSNodifferenceingain谷物添加量不变ImprovementinfeedefficiencyasDDGSlevelincreased随着DDGS水平增加，饲料效率得到改善Musclesizeandfatdepthnotaffected肌肉量和脂肪厚度未受影响Fatqualitynegativelyaffectedatthe30%DDGSlevel(higherlevelsofunsaturatedoil)当添加30%DDGS时，对脂肪质量有负面影响（DDGS中含有高水平的不饱和油脂）,24,FatQualityCharacteristicsofMarketPigsFedCorn-SoyDietsContaining0to30%DDGS饲喂含DDGS030%玉米-豆粕日粮的上市猪脂肪质量的比较,Meanswithinarowlackingcommonsuperscriptsdiffer(P.05).上标字母不同表示不同处理组间差异显著（p.05）,25,StorageConcerns储存中的注意事项,DDGScontains10%cornoilunsaturatedfatDDGS含10%玉米油(不饱和脂肪)Moresubjecttorancidity很容易发生酸败Maximumstorage:最长储存期限Winter=3months冬季=3个月Summer=1month夏季=1个月“Flowability”inbulkbinsmaybeaproblem在散装罐中的流动性可能是一个问题,26,WhentoUseDDGS?何时应用DDGS?,27,EconomicCalculations经济分析,DDGSprovideslysine,phosphorus,andenergyDDGS可提供赖氨酸，磷和能量ReplacesSBM,corn,&dicalciumphosphate可替代豆粕、玉米和磷酸二钙90.9kgDDGS&1.36kglimestonereplaces90.9千克DDGS和1.36千克石灰石可取代80.9kgcorn,8.6kgof46.5%SBM,&2.7kgofdicalciumphosphate80.9千克玉米、8.6千克46.5%豆粕和2.7千克磷酸二钙,28,EconomicCalculations经济分析,UsingExcelspreadsheetat:/SwineExt/ddgs.htmand应用Excel电子制表软件，网址为：见上一行Corn$214/ton玉米价格参考价：214美元/吨（1767人民币/吨）SBM(46.5%)$384/ton豆粕（46.5%）参考价：384美元/吨（3172人民币/吨