第一部分 VTK程序一般流程ppt课件

.,报告人：邹水中日期：2010.4.2,VTK使用总结,.,内容简介,一、VTK程序一般流程二、VTK的数据对象接口三、VTK的面绘制、体绘制、多平面显示四、视点变换与相机控制五、VTK事件交互、VTK与MFC混合编程六、VTK视窗控制与文本标注七、VTK在测量中应用与VTK数据切割,.,第一部分VTK程序一般流程,.,VisualizationToolkit的机制VisualizationToolkit是一个用于可视化应用程序构造与运行的支撑环境，它是在三维函数库OpenGL的基础上采用面向对象的设计方法发展起来的。它将在可视化开发过程中会经常遇到的细节屏蔽起来，并将一些常用的算法封装起来。比如VisualizationToolkit将在表面重建中比较常见的MarchingCubes算法封装起来，以类的形式给以支持，这样在对三维规则点阵数据进行表面重建时就不必再重复编写MarchingCubes算法的代码而直接使用VisualizationToolkit中已经提供的vtkMarchingCubes类。,.,VisualizationToolkit的框架结构,.,.,图形流水线：将几何数据转换为图像；可视化流水线：将信息转换为几何数据.另一种看法是:可视化流水线:负责构建几何表示;图形流水线:负责绘制.vtk使用一种lazy评价机制.对于lazy评价机制，通常无需人工地调用Update()，因为filters连接着可视化流水线，当actor接收到绘制本身的要求会将方法回馈到他的mapper，然后Update方法自动发送至可视化流水线。Render方法通常开始数据要求，数据被通过流水线向下投递。依赖于流水线的哪个端口过时，流水线中的filters可能重新执行，将数据送至更新的流水线末端，通过actor绘制.,可视化模型,.,VTK图形模型由以下核心对象组成vtkActor,vtkActor2D,vtkVolumevtkProp和/或vtpProp3D的子类vtkLightvtkCameravtkProperty,vtkProperty2DvtkMaper,vtkMapper2DvtkAbstractMapper的子类vtkTransformvtkLookupTable,vtkColorTransferFunction-vtkScalarsToColors的子类/forobjectsthatconvertscalarstocolorsvtkRendervtkRenderWindowvtkRenderWindowInteractor,图形模型,.,vtkLight用来展示和操控场景中的灯光，只在3D中用到.VtkCamera控制3D几何投影到2D。定位：定点、方向，还控制视角投影和立体视图.vtkMapper与查找表vtkLookupTable联合使用，用于转换和绘制几何体。Mapper提供可视化流水线和图形模型.vtkLookupTable是vtkScalarsToColors和vtkColorTransferFunction的子类.,.,vtkRenderer和vtkRenderWindow用来管理图形机与电脑窗口系统的接口.可以生成多个renderwindows,每个renderwindows中有多个renderer去绘制.一个renderwindow中可以有多个区域(视窗).vtkRenderWindowInteractor用于与场景交互,操纵camera,选择对象.vtkWin32OpenGLRenderWindow和vtkWin32RenderWindowInteractorvtkWin32OpenGLRenderWindowisaconcreteimplementationoftheabstractclassvtkRenderWindow.vtkWin32OpenGLRendererinterfacestothestandardOpenGLgraphicslibraryintheWindows/NTenvironment.implementsWin32specificfunctionsrequiredbyvtkRenderWindowInteractor.,.,vtkActor的子类vtkAssembly,vtkFollower,vtkLODActor等.vtkAssembly允许actors分层，在层级平移、旋转、缩放时合理转换.vtkLODActor在改变几何表示时保持交互帧速率,.,示例代码1演示VTK一般流程及常用类的使用,.,vtkVolume16Reader*v16=vtkVolume16Reader:New();v16-SetDataDimensions(64,64);v16-SetDataByteOrderToLittleEndian();v16-SetFilePrefix(D:/VTK5.4/VTKData/Data/headsq/quarter);v16-SetImageRange(1,93);v16-SetDataSpacing(3.2,3.2,1.5);vtkContourFilter*skinExtractor=vtkContourFilter:New();skinExtractor-SetInputConnection(v16-GetOutputPort();skinExtractor-SetValue(0,500);vtkPolyDataNormals*skinNormals=vtkPolyDataNormals:New();skinNormals-SetInputConnection(skinExtractor-GetOutputPort();skinNormals-SetFeatureAngle(60.0);/ifthesurfacenormalbetweentwoadjacenttrianglesis=FeatureAngle,anedgeexistsvtkStripper*skinStripper=vtkStripper:New();skinStripper-SetInputConnection(skinNormals-GetOutputPort();vtkPolyDataMapper*skinMapper=vtkPolyDataMapper:New();skinMapper-SetInputConnection(skinStripper-GetOutputPort();skinMapper-ScalarVisibilityOff();,示例代码1,.,vtkActor*skin=vtkActor:New();skin-SetMapper(skinMapper);skin-GetProperty()-SetDiffuseColor(1,.49,.25);skin-GetProperty()-SetSpecular(.3);skin-GetProperty()-SetSpecularPower(20);vtkLookupTable*bwLut=vtkLookupTable:New();bwLut-SetTableRange(0,2000);bwLut-SetSaturationRange(0,1);bwLut-SetHueRange(0,1);bwLut-SetValueRange(0.5,1);bwLut-Build();/effectivebuilt/TheresultisanimageoftypeVTK_UNSIGNED_CHARvtkImageMapToColors*saggitalColors=vtkImageMapToColors:New();saggitalColors-SetInputConnection(v16-GetOutputPort();saggitalColors-SetLookupTable(bwLut);vtkImageActor*saggital=vtkImageActor:New();saggital-SetInput(saggitalColors-GetOutput();saggital-SetDisplayExtent(32,32,0,63,0,92);,.,vtkRenderer*aRenderer=vtkRenderer:New();vtkRenderWindow*renWin=vtkRenderWindow:New();renWin-AddRenderer(aRenderer);vtkRenderWindowInteractor*iren=vtkRenderWindowInteractor:New();iren-SetRenderWindow(renWin);vtkCamera*aCamera=vtkCamera:New();aCamera-SetViewUp(0,0,-1);aCamera-SetPosition(0,1,0);aCamera-SetFocalPoint(0,0,0);aCamera-ComputeViewPlaneNormal();aRenderer-AddActor(saggital);skin-GetProperty()-SetOpacity(0.5);aRenderer-SetActiveCamera(aCamera);aRenderer-Render();aRenderer-ResetCamera();aCamera-Dolly(1.5);aRenderer-SetBackground(1,1,1);aRenderer-ResetCameraClippingRange();renWin-SetSize(640,480);iren-Initialize();iren-Start();,.,示例代码3演示视窗显示控制、相机控制,.,classvtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback:publicvtkCommandpublic:staticvtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback*New()returnnewvtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback;voidExecute(vtkObject*caller,unsignedlongvtkNotUsed(event),void*callData)vtkImagePlaneWidget*self=reinterpret_cast(caller);if(!self)return;double*wl=static_cast(callData);,.,if(self=this-WidgetX)this-WidgetY-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);this-WidgetZ-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);elseif(self=this-WidgetY)this-WidgetX-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);this-WidgetZ-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);elseif(self=this-WidgetZ)this-WidgetX-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);this-WidgetY-SetWindowLevel(wl0,wl1);,.,vtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback():WidgetX(0),WidgetY(0),WidgetZ(0)vtkImagePlaneWidget*WidgetX;vtkImagePlaneWidget*WidgetY;vtkImagePlaneWidget*WidgetZ;intmain(intargc,char*argv)vtkRenderer*ren1=vtkRenderer:New();vtkRenderer*ren2=vtkRenderer:New();vtkRenderer*ren3=vtkRenderer:New();vtkRenderer*ren=vtkRenderer:New();vtkRenderWindow*renWin=vtkRenderWindow:New();vtkRenderWindowInteractor*iren=vtkRenderWindowInteractor:New();iren-SetRenderWindow(renWin);renWin-AddRenderer(ren1);renWin-AddRenderer(ren2);renWin-AddRenderer(ren3);renWin-AddRenderer(ren);,.,vtkDICOMImageReader*v16=vtkDICOMImageReader:New();v16-SetDataByteOrderToLittleEndian();v16-SetDirectoryName(E:/MedImageData/336);v16-Update();vtkOutlineFilter*outline=vtkOutlineFilter:New();outline-SetInputConnection(v16-GetOutputPort();vtkPolyDataMapper*outlineMapper=vtkPolyDataMapper:New();outlineMapper-SetInputConnection(outline-GetOutputPort();vtkActor*outlineActor=vtkActor:New();outlineActor-SetMapper(outlineMapper);,.,vtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback*cbk=vtkWidgetWindowLevelCallback:New();cbk-WidgetX=planeWidgetX;cbk-WidgetY=planeWidgetY;cbk-WidgetZ=planeWidgetZ;/planeWidgetX-AddObserver(vtkCommand:EndWindowLevelEvent,cbk);/planeWidgetY-AddObserver(vtkCommand:EndWindowLevelEvent,cbk);/planeWidgetZ-AddObserver(vtkCommand:EndWindowLevelEvent,cbk);cbk-Delete();,vtkImageMapToColors*colorMap1=vtkImageMapToColors:New();colorMap1-PassAlphaToOutputOff();colorMap1-SetActiveComponent(0);colorMap1-SetOutputFormatToLuminance();colorMap1-SetInput(planeWidgetX-GetResliceOutput();colorMap1-SetLookupTable(planeWidgetX-GetLookupTable();vtkImageActor*imageActor1=vtkImageActor:New();imageActor1-PickableOff();imageActor1-SetInput(colorMap1-GetOutput();,.,ren-AddActor(outlineActor);ren1-AddActor(imageActor1);ren2-AddActor(imageActor2);ren3-AddActor(imageActor3);ren-SetBackground(0.1,0.1,0.2);ren1-SetBackground(0.1,0.2,0.1);ren2-SetBackground(0.2,0.1,0.2);ren3-SetBackground(0.2,0.2,0.2);renWin-SetSize(600,400);ren-SetViewport(0,0.5,0.5,1);ren1-SetViewport(0.5,0.5,1,1);ren2-SetViewport(0,0,0.5,0.5);ren3-SetViewport(0.5,0,1,0.5);renWin-Render();,.,ren-GetActiveCamera()-Elevation(110);ren-GetActiveCamera()-SetViewUp(0,0,-1);ren-GetActiveCamera()-Azimuth(45);ren-GetActiveCamera()-Dolly(1.15);ren-ResetCameraClippingRange();iren-Initialize();iren-Start();renWin-Render();iren-SetKeyCode(z);iren-InvokeEvent(vtkCommand:CharEvent,NULL);iren-SetKeyCode(z);iren-InvokeEvent(vtkCommand:CharEvent,NULL);iren