工程地质ppt课件

.,1Thebasicinformationabouttheearth（地球的基本知识）2Rock（岩石）3Soilsformationandsoilsengineeringproperties（土的形成和土的工程性质）4Geologicalstructure（地质构造）5Groundwater（地下水）6Theanalysesofengineeringgeologyproblems（工程地质问题分析）7Engineeringinvestigation(工程勘察),Themaintopicsofengineeringgeology工程地质课程的主要内容,.,Introduction绪论,.,1thedefinitionofcivilengineeringgeology土木工程地质的基本概念2Thepositionofengineeringgeologyinthecivilengineeringcoursesystem(工程地质在土木学科体系中的位置)3themainsubstanceaboutengineeringgeology(工程地质学研究的具体内容)4theimportanceofGE(学习意义)5Demands(requirements)（要求）,Themaintopicsinintroduction绪论中的主要内容,.,thedefinitionofengineeringgeology（工程地质学的基本概念）,(1)Engineeringgeologyisaboutapplyingallbranchesofthegeosciences(地质学)toassurethesafety,efficiency,andeconomyofengineeringandenvironmentalprojects.,.,（2）EngineeringGeologyisdevotedtotheinvestigation（勘察）,studyandsolutionoftheengineeringandenvironmentalproblemswhichmayariseastheresultoftheinteractionbetweengeologyandtheworksandactivitiesofmanaswellastothepredictionandthedevelopmentofmeasuresforpreventionormediationofgeologicalhazards（地质灾害）,.,(3)Whicharemainlyconcernedwiththegeologicalproblemsencounteredincivilengineering.Itsmaintasksistoinvestigateandevaluatethegeologicalengineeringproblems,providethebasicinformationfortheplan,designandconstructionofthecivilengineering.,.,2Thepositionofengineeringgeologyinthecivilengineeringcoursesystem(工程地质在土木学科体系中的位置,Corecourse（基础课程）DifferentialandintegralalgebraprobabilityandstatisticsengineeringmathPhysicsChemicalTechnologicalcorecourse（专业基础课程）Surveyingengineeringmappingmaterialssurveying,.,engineering（工程测量）engineeringgeology(工程地质)soil(rock)mechanics（岩土力学）theoreticalmechanicsmaterialmechanicsstructuremechanicselasticorplastic（弹塑性）hydrolicmechanics（水力学）,.,Specializedcourse（专业课程）concretestructure（砌体结构steelstructure（钢结构）roadengineering（道路工程）thedesignofroadsurvey（道路勘测设计）,.,bridgeengineering(桥梁工程)trafficengineering(交通工程)foundationengineering(基础工程)constructiontechnology(building)施工技术engineeringmanagementandbudgetestimationengineeringbiddingrehabilitation(building、brigde、road)（工程招投标）,.,3themainsubstanceaboutengineeringgeology(工程地质学研究的具体内容),ThepurposeofstudyingGEistoprovidegoodgeologicalenvironmentforengineeringortoevaluateandforecasttheengineeringgeologicalproblemsthatmayoccurredintheperiodoftheservicetime（服务期）ofthebuilding.onthisbase,togivetheeffectiveengineeringpreventionmethods.,.,thestudyabouttopographyandlandforms（地形地貌）thestudyaboutthefundamentalengineeringproperties(physicalandmechanics)ofsoilsandrock(岩土工程性质）geologicalstructure（地质构造）,GeologicalEnvironment(GeologicalCondition)地质环境和地质条件的含义,.,4theimportanceofGE(学习意义),hydrogeology(水文地质：地下水条件)theanalysesofengineeringgeologicalproblems（工程地质问题分析）theengineeringinvestigation（工程勘察）,.,5Demands(requirements)（要求）,1tomasterthebasicconceptaboutEG2tocomprehendthemaingeologicalproblemsoccurredinengineering.knowingthathowtheproblemshappened,howcanwepreventit.3classdiscipline4finishthehomeworkontime,.,Chapter1Thebasicinformationofearth第一章地球的基本知识,.,SECTION1-1Innerstructureofearth第一节地球的内部结构,.,ThisregionisthincomparedtotheotherlayersintheEarth.Itvariesinthicknessfrom10kmdeepto65kmdeep.Thecrustismadeupoflighterrocksthatfloatontopofthemantle.Thislayerincludesthecontinentsaswellastherockundertheoceans.wehavebuiltmanydeepminesbutNONEhaveyetreachedthemantle!,TheCrust(地壳),.,软流圈,岩石圈,上地慢,.,有关岩石圈(lithosphere),StructureoftheEarthscrustandtopmostlayeroftheuppermantle（上地慢）.Thelithosphere（岩石圈）consistsoftheoceaniccrust,continentalcrust,anduppermostmantle.Beneaththelithosphereistheasthenosphere（软流圈）.Thislayer,whichisalsopartoftheuppermantle,extendstoadepthofabout200kilometers.Sedimentarydepositsarecommonlyfoundattheboundariesbetweenthecontinentalandoceaniccrust.,.,Thisregionliesunderthecrustandisapproximately2900kmthick.Themantleismuchdenserthanthecrust(whichiswhythecrustfloatsontop)andhasatexturemuchliketar.Therockinthisregionisrichincompoundsmadefromiron,magnesium,andsiliconwhichaccountsforwhyitisdenserthanthecrust.,TheMantle（地幔）,.,Thisregionisdividedintotwoparts.TheouterpartiscalledtheOuterCore.Itisabout2100kmthickandmadeofliquidnickelandiron.TheinnerpartiscalledtheInnerCoreanditistherealcentreoftheEarth.Thispartisabout2800kmindiameterandismadeofsolidironandnickel.,TheCore:,.,SECTION1-2PlateStructureTheory第二节板块构造理论,1PacificPlate(太平洋板块)2NorthAmericanPlate（北美板块）3SouthAmericanPlate（南美板块）4EurasianPlate（欧亚板块）5AfricanPlate（非洲板块）6IndoAustralianPlate（澳印板块）7AntarcticPlate（南极州板块）,.,1PacificPlate2NorthAmericanPlate3SouthAmericanPlate4EurasianPlate5AfricanPlate6IndoAustralianPlate7AntarcticPlate,板块构造理论,.,板块的形成（大陆漂移）,.,海底扩张理论（TheoryofOceanFloorSpreading）,.,海底扩张的证据（沉积物的年龄）,.,海底扩张的结果（喜马拉雅山的形成）,.,海沟的形成,.,岩石循环的概念,.,SECTION1-3:TheconceptofGeologicalAction（function）第三节地质作用的概念,.,2TheclassificationoftheGeo.Action（地质作用分类）(1)outer-dynamicsgeologicalaction(外动力地质作用)dynamicsourceisfromthesun,gravity,attractionforcebetweensunandmoon.Weathering（风化作用）theRockisdestroyedattheplacewhereitwasformedbecauseoftheouterdynamics.Erosion（剥蚀作用）Rockbody岩体isseparatedfromitsmotherrock（母岩）becauseofthewater,wind,glacier.,.,Carrying(搬运作用)theprocessthatrockiscarriedfromoneplacetoantherplace.BecauseofSedimentation（沉积作用）theprocessinwhichthecarryingmaterialssinktothebottomofgroundwhenthepowerofgravityofthematerialsisbiggerthanthecarryingforce.Rock-formationaction（成岩作用）theprocessthatthematerialssunktogroundsurfacetobecomehardorsolidrockbody.,.,Crustmovement（地壳运动）B:Magmatism(magmaticactivities)岩浆作用(magmaticintrusionandvolcaniceruption)Earthquake（地震作用）,(2)Inner-dynamicsgeologicalact