英文科技论文写作PPT课件(英文)

1,Part1,AboutSubmissiontoMiningScienceAndTechnologyFormerlyJournalofChinaUniversityofMininglicj,7,1.国际主流期刊最新语言特点,.Whywediscussthistopic?.PersonalandVoice.It-sentence.Tense,8,.Whywediscussthistopic?,Tobeinlinewithinternationalleadingjournalinlanguageexpression,9,.PersonalandVoice,Upuntilnow,mostofusareaccustomedtousingpassivevoiceandunwillingtouse“we”or“I”assubjectbecause,10,UseWe-sentenceandactivevoice,We-sentenceisamore-modernstyle,readsmoreinteresting,andcommunicateswiththereadermoredirectly.WereportWespeculateWegeneratedWemeasured,11,We-sentencesappearinmanyleadingjournals,Inthisreport,wedefineamechanismforanddiscoverdistinctrolesforWeuseassaystoWedemonstratethatWeprovideevidencethat(Science)ThemajorityofknownToidentifytheresponsiblegenes,wemappedvirulenceinF1progenyderivedfromcrossesbetweentypeIIandtypeIIIstrains,whichweintroducedinto(Science),12,Cont.,HereIshowthatapplicationofwaveletanalysistoexperimentallymanipulatedplanktoncommunitiesrevealsstrongsynchronyafterdisturbance.(Nature454,331-33417July2008)Here,weaddressplasticityandinterconnectionofdistinctsignaltransductionpathwayswithinthisnetwork.(Cell,Volume133,Issue3,2May2008,Pages452-461),13,Problem:VeryfewofususeWE,1)Situationaboutanarticlefromacertainjournal2)SituationaboutthearticlesfromThe6thIntern.Conf.Mining,14,Passivevoice,Contemporarywritinginsciencehasbecomemoreandmoredirectand,asithas,theuseofpassivevoicehasbeenfastdisappearing.(PeteyYoung,WritingandPresentinginEnglish.Elsevier,2006,34),15,Problem:PassivevoiceisoverusedbyChineseauthors,PassivevoiceiscommonlyfoundinresearchpaperswrittenbyChineseauthorsoreditedbyeditorsofChinesejournalsTheyareaccustomedtousepassivevoice,16,Anexample,Inourstudy,byusingapplieddifferentialgeometricaltheoryandANSYSsoftware,the67IWSwireropegeometricalmodelbuildingandfiniteelementmodelbuildingwerecarriedout,thecomparisonofthewireropemodelofrightsame-direction-laywiththatofrightsz-laywasperformed,andthefiniteelementcalculationforboundaryconditionsbetweenthetwokindsofwireropeswasmade.,17,Usingpassivevoicewhenitisnecessary,随着浅部煤层不断枯竭,许多煤矿不得不开采深部煤层Withtheshallowcoalresourcesbecomingincreasinglyexhausted,manycoalminesmustminedeepcoalseams.,18,Cont.,Edited:Withtheshallowlyburiedcoalresourcesbecomingincreasinglyexhausted,thedeeplyburiedcoalseamshavetobeexploitedinmoreandmorecoalmines,19,.It-sentence,“It-sentences”areoftenusedinsciencewriting,particularlybyChineseauthors.However,mostofthe“it-sentences”areunnecessary.,20,Useit-sentenceaslessaspossible,很明显,温度影响了反应过程Ok:Itisclearthattemperatureaffectsthereaction.Better:Temperatureclearlyaffectsthereaction.,21,Moreexamples,Bad:Itcanbeconcluded/ItisfoundthatGood:Theresultshows/indicatesthat,22,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:ItwillbetheendoftheyearbeforewecanexpectresultstobereadyDirect,clearlanguage:Weexpectresultsbytheendoftheyear.,23,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:ItwasdiscoveredinourlaboratoriesthatsulfurdichloridereactswithDirect,clearlanguage:Wediscoveredsulfurdichloridereactswith,24,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:Itisvitaltorecognizetheimportanceofthevarianceamonglengthsofmultiplebonds.Direct,clearlanguage:Recognizingvarianceinthelengthofmultiplebondsisvital.,25,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:ItisveryimportanttorealizethattheaforementionedresultsareDirect,clearlanguage:Theresultsareimportantbecause,26,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:Ifmygrouphadbeenableto,wewouldhavepreparedthecompoundbutDirect,clearlanguage:Wehavenotpreparedthecompoundbecause,27,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:TherehavebeenrecentdevelopmentsinNMRwhichallowDirect,clearlanguage:RecentdevelopmentsinNMRallow,28,Cont.,Indirectlanguage:Therearethreemolecularorbits,namely,1),2),and3)Direct,clearlanguage:Thethreemolecularorbitsare1),2),and3),29,Use“it-sentence”toemphasizesth,正是由于这种双耳状高应力的连续及反复作用使得巷道逐渐被破坏Itisthiscontinuousandrepeatedactionofthedouble-ear-shapedhighstressthatgraduallydestroystheroadway.,30,.Tense,Usingpastsimpleforwhatwasdonebefore;Usingpresentsimplefor“result”and“conclusion.,31,Examplesofmisusedpastsimple,Inthispaper,wepresentedFig.1/Table1showedTheresultindicated/showedthat,32,2.修改实例,1)改用陈述句摘要:为了解决现有各种不同通风系统评价方法因素较多，而且这些因素又具有模糊性，利用传统的评价方法很难对通风系统进行准确地评价的难题，本文建立了,33,Original,Abstract:Inordertosolvetheexistingproblemthattheventilationsystemhassomanyvariousfactors,andthesefactorsarealsofuzzy,itisverydifficulttoevaluatetheventilationsystemaccuratelyusingtraditionalmethods,anevaluationsystemwasestablished.,34,Edited1,摘要:现有各种不同通风系统评价方法因素较多，而且这些因素又具有模糊性，故利用传统的评价方法很难对通风系统进行准确地评价.针对这一问题，建立了,35,Edited2,Abstract:Factorsofthecurrently-usedmethodforassessingventilationsystemarenumerousandfuzzy,makingitmuchdifficulttoaccuratelyassesstheventilationsystem.Aimingatthisproblem,webuilt,36,Cont.,2)状语位置(可灵活处理以使句子协调)为了探讨露天煤矿拉斗铲的作业效率，采用黑岱沟露天矿拉斗铲现场作业的统计数据，研究了拉斗铲的作业周期和满斗系数。,37,Original,Abstract:InordertodiscusstheoperationalefficiencyoftheDraglineinSurfaceCoalMines,usingthespotoperationdataofdraglineinHeidaigouSurfaceMine,thispaperconcentratesastudyontheoperationalperiodandthebucketfillfactorofdragline.,38,Edited,Abstract:UsingthespotoperationdataofdraglineinHeidaigouSurfaceMine,westudiedtheoperationalperiodandthebucketfillfactorofdraglinesoastofurtherdiscusstheoperationefficiency.,39,Cont.,3)管辖问题为了验证用充气方法缩短测压时间的正确性，我们分别在潞安集团屯留煤矿北风井和李村煤矿风井进行了现场实验。,40,Originaltranslation,Inordertoverifythecorrectnessofusingaerationmethodtoshortenthetimeneededforgaspressuretest,weperformedthesitetestsinthenorthventilationshaftofTunliucoalmineandintheventilationshaftofLicuncoalmineofLuanGroup.,41,Edited,Inordertoverifythecorrectnessofusingaerationmethodtoshortenthetimeneededforgaspressuretest,weperformedsitetestsinshaftsoftwocoalminesofLuanGroup,oneinthenorthventilationshaftofTunliucoalmine,andtheotherintheventilationshaftofLicuncoalmine,42,Cont.,4)UsingthesamewordforthesamethingTraceelementinsomesentencesandmicro-elementinothersentencesinthesamearticle,43,Cont.,火成岩侵入区、变焦区及瓦斯富集区的反射率法正演与CSSI反演研究,44,Original,Studyonigneousintrusivearea,cokedzoneofcoalseamandgas-richregionusingthereflectivitymethodforwardandCSSI(constrainedsparsespikeinverse)seismicinversion,45,Edited,Reflectivityforwardmodelingandconstrainedsparsespikeinverse(CSSI)ofigneousintrusivearea,cokedarea,andgas-enrichedareaincoalseams,46,Cont.,5)Usingweandchangingnounsintoverbs本研究应用微分几何理论及利用ANSYS软件进行了67IWS钢丝绳的几何建模和有限元建模，进行了右同向捻(rightsame-direction-lay)和右交互捻(rightsz-lay)两种钢丝绳模型对比，对两类钢丝绳的边界条件进行有限元计算.,47,Cont.,OriginalInourstudy,byusingapplieddifferentialgeometricaltheoryandANSYSsoftware,the67IWSwireropegeometricalmodelbuildingandfiniteelementmodelbuildingwerecarriedout,thecomparisonofthewireropemodelofrightsame-direction-laywiththatofrightsz-laywasperformed,andthefiniteelementcalculationforboundaryconditionsbetweenthetwokindsofwireropeswasmade.,48,Cont.,Analysis:Useverbforminsteadofnoun;Usewe-sentence把名词”建模”变为动词”建立了”;把名词”对比”变为动词”对比了”;把名词”有限元计算”变为动词”用有限元方法计算了”,并且用we做主语,49,Cont.,EditedUsingapplieddifferentialgeometricaltheoryandANSYSsoftware,webuiltbothgeometricalmodelandfiniteelementmodelfor67IWSwirerope,comparedthewireropemodelofrightsame-direction-laywiththatofrightsz-lay,andcalculatedtheboundaryconditionsbetweenthetwowireropesusingthefiniteelementmethod.,50,Cont.,6)Abouttransitionalwords随着我国煤田开采程度加大，勘探区将逐步向深部发展。深部煤层、薄煤层及火成岩入侵区的地质勘探工作已经提到议事日程。瓦斯突出问题是长期以来困扰煤矿安全生产的一个灾害性问题，迫切需要在常规勘探方法的基础上加以解决。,51,Original,1)WiththeincreaseofcoalminingintensityinOurcountry,coalfieldexplorationisgoingtowardthedepth.2)Theissueofdeep,thincoalseamsaswellasthecoalseamsintrudedbyigneousrocksisnowplacedontheagenda.3)Gasoutbursthasbeenaproblemthreateningsafetyproductionincoalminesforalongtime,urgentlyneedingtobesolvedbasedonconventionalmethod.,52,Edited,WiththeincreaseofcoalminingintensityinChina,coalfieldexplorationisgoingtowardthedepth.Asaresult,theissueofdeeplyburiedcoalseams,thincoalseams,andtheigneous-rock-intrudedcoalseamsisnowplacedontheagenda.Inaddition,gasoutbursthasbecomeaproblemthreateningsafetyproductionincoalminesforalongtime,urgentlyneedingtobesolvedbasedonconventionalmethod.,53,Cont.,7)Examplefromamanuscript(1)在岩石爆破中,至少有二十多个因素,包括爆破参数,装药参数及岩石参数,对岩石爆破的质量和效果产生影响Inrockblasting,thereatleasthasmorethantwentyfactors,includingexplosionparameters,chargeparameters,androckparameters,whichproduceaninfluenceonthequalityandeffectoftherockblasting,54,Edited,Inrockblasting,atleastmorethan20factors,includingexplosionparameters,chargeparameters,androckparameters,affectrockblasting.,55,Cont.,8)Examplefromamanuscript(2)型煤的热稳定性是影响型煤造气的关键因素,提高煤的热稳定性是型煤技术转化为生产力需要迫切解决的问题.Thethermalstabilityofbriquetteisthekeytomakegasfrombriquette.(smoother)Improvingthebriquettesthermalstabilityis(an)urgent(?)tobesolvedwhenthebriquettetechnologyisturnedintolaborforce.,56,Edited,Thermalstabilityisakeyfactorforgas-makingfrombriquette.Soimprovingthethermalstabilityisanurgentproblemtobesolvedforthecommercializationofthebriquettetechnology.,57,Cont.,9)Howtodealwithalengthytitle?陕北富县探区延长组长油层成岩储集相划分及其对储层的控制作用TheDivisionofDiagenesisReservoirFaciesintheChang3ReservoirofYanchangFormationofFuxianexplorationareainShanbeiandtheControlsofthehighqualityReservoirs,58,Edited,成岩储集相划分及其对储层的控制作用-以陕北富县探区延长组长油层为例Divisionofdiagenesisreservoirfaciesanditscontroloverthereservior-CasestudyofChang-3ReservoirinYangchangformationofFuxianexplorationareaofnorthShaanxi,59,Cont.,10)Analysisoftitletranslation“煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射分级预警模型及应用”怎么翻译?coal-and-rockdynamicdisasterelectromagneticradiationGradedwarningmodelanditsapplication,60,Cont.,Makesurewhatthetitlemeans“煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射分级预警模型及应用”1.Modelbuildingdominated2.Applicationdominated3.RelationbetweenEMRandmodelbuilding,61,Cont.,makephrases“煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射分级预警模型及应用”动力灾害dynamicdisaster(107)/hazard(520)?电磁辐射electromagneticradiation(EMR)分级预警GradedWarning,62,Cont.,煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射分级预警模型及应用”Formodelbuildingdominated,wewrite:Gradedwarningmodelbuildingbasedonelectromagneticradiationforcoal-and-rockdynamicdisaster,63,Cont.,煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射分级预警模型及应用”Forapplicationdominated,wewrite:Applicationofelectromagnetic-radiation-based/EMR-basedgradedwarningmodelinpredictingcoal-and-rockdynamicdisaster,64,3.其它问题,AboutsubheadingsBeparallelandconciseAvoidsamenessbetweendifferentlevelsoftitle,65,Anexamplefromamanuscript,的影响因素研究Researchonfactorsaffecting1.引言Introduction2.实验Experimental3.的影响因素研究Researchonfactorsaffecting3.1温度对的影响Effectoftemperatureon3.2时间对的影响Effectoftimeon3.3压力对的影响Effectofpressureon,66,Cont.,Edited的影响因素研究Researchonfactorsaffecting1.引言Introduction2.实验Experimental3.影响因素Effectfactors3.1温度Temperature3.2时间Time3.3压力Pressure,67,Cont.,Anotherexample破碎砂岩固液耦合变形的时间效应研究1.引言2.试验设备和试验方法3.破碎砂岩固液耦合变形的时间效应3.1.破碎砂岩固液耦合蠕变过程中位移随时间的变化关系3.2.破碎砂岩固液耦合蠕变过程中孔隙率随时间的变化关系3.3.破碎砂岩固液耦合蠕变过程中碎胀系数随时间的变化关系3.4.破碎砂岩固液耦合蠕变过程中压实度随时间的变化关系3.5.破碎砂岩固液耦合蠕变过程中刚度系数随时间的变化关系4.结论,68,Cont.,Edited破碎砂岩固液耦合变形的时间效应研究1.引言2.试验设备和试验方法3.结果与讨论3.1位移随时间的变化关系3.2孔隙率随时间的变化关系3.3碎胀系数随时间的变化关系3.4压实度随时间的变化关系3.5刚度系数随时间的变化关系4.结论,69,Cont.,Furthersimplified破碎砂岩固液耦合变形的时间效应研究1.引言2.试验设备和试验方法3.各种因素与时间的关系3.1位移(与时间的变化关系)3.2孔隙率(与时间的变化关系)3.3碎胀系数(与时间的变化关系)3.4压实度(与时间的变化关系)3.5刚度系数(与时间的变化关系)4.结论,70,Cont.,WordingDifferencebetweenC-Ewords:Chinesewordsvs.EnglishwordsChinesemedicinevs.westernmedicineRoughvs.accurate,71,Cont.,Example1中国的经济是一个大问题,各级领导务必优先考虑这一问题.Chinaseconomyisabigproblem,andleadersatalllevelsmustgiveitapriorityconsideration.(现代汉英翻译技巧,王大伟),72,Cont.,Edited:Chinaseconomyisamajorissue,andleadersatalllevelsmustgiveitapriorityconsideration.,73,Cont.,Example2低速度就等于停步,甚至等于后退.Original:Lowspeedequalsstagnationandevenretrogression.(中国日报)Edited:Slowgrowthequalsstagnationandevenretrogression.(外研社),74,Cont.,UseasfewadjectivesaspossibleTrytoexplain,notpraise,75,Cont.,collocationWhichiscorrect?精细解释:fineinterpretation/detailedinterpretation多解性:multi-solution/multi-interpretation,76,Cont.,Examplesaboutcollocation1）在时变系统预测中，系统在工作时与工作点附近的数据有较大的相关性，而与远离工作点区域数据的相关性并不是很大.Inthetimevaryingsystemprediction,thesystemhasagreaterrelationtodataneartheworkingpointbutlittlerelationtothosefarfromtheworkingpoint.,77,Edited,Inthetimevaryingsystemprediction,thesystemismorecloselyrelatedtodataneartheworkingpointthanthosefarfromtheworkingpoint.,78,Cont.,2)Bad:Theresultsshowthattheabsorbingeffectoflow-orderHigdonabsorbingboundaryconditionisbad.Better:Theresultsshowthattheabsorbingeffectoflow-orderHigdonabsorbingboundaryconditionisundesirable.,79,Cont.,Howtochosearightwordandwordcollocation?MakeuseofcollocationdictionaryMakeuseofinternetsuchas,80,Cont.,Examplesforgoogleuse1.精细解释Fineinterpretation(387,mostbyChinese);detailedinterpretation(17300,mostbynativespeakersofEnglish)2.资源“Memorysource”(3150);“memoryresource”(5880),“memoryresources”(22400);“coalsource”(1160);“coalresource”(2820);“coalresources”(9720);,81,Cont.,3.影响因素Influencefactor(11500,mostofthembyChinese);effectfactor(8750)4.离层：abscissionlayer（1550，与植物学有关）；bedseparation（1310，名词审定委员会,矿业）,82,Cont.,5.的研究Studyon(1830000);studyof(6480000);researchon(3370000);researchof(1360000),83,Grammarissues1.Useof“with”and“-ing”2.Useof“make”or“cause”3.Numerals4.Shallvs.will5.Cannot(cant)vs.cannot6.By,using,with,andbyusing7.Inourcountryvs.InChina,84,1.Useof“with”and“-ing”,1)Anexample延长组长3油层储集层主要为细粒长石砂岩，石英含量平均为20-30，长石含量为50-60，云母含量10-15.,85,Cont.,TheoriginaltranslationThemaintypeofreservoirofYanchangFormationChang-3oilbedwasfinegraindebris-feldspar.Averagecontentofquartzwas20%-30%,feldspar50%-60%,mica10%-15%;,86,Cont.,editedThelithologyofChang-3oillayerreservoirinYanchangFormationismainlythefine-sizedfeldsparsandstone,withanaveragecontentofquartzbeing20%-30%,thatoffeldspar(being),50%-60%,andthatofmica(being),10%-15%;,87,Cont.,Thecommonlyusedsentencepattern:针对这一问题，我们研究了。结果表明，1),2),3)。Aimingatthisproblem,westudied,showing/indicatingthat1),2),3),88,Cont.,2)Anexamplefromamanuscript协庄煤矿1201综采工作面埋深达千米，且顶底板均具有强冲击倾向性.No.1201EFully-mechanizedFaceinXiezhuangCoalMineismorethan1000mindepth.Theroofandthefloorhasastrongbursttrend.,89,Edited,No.1201EFully-mechanizedFaceinXiezhuangCoalMineismorethan1000mindepth,withboththeroofandthefloorhavingastrongbursttrend.,90,2.Useof“make”or“cause”,Example1压溶作用表现为颗粒间由线状接触过渡为凹凸接触，长石、石英的次生加大Pressuresolutionwasexpressedbythetransitionfromlinearcontacttoconcavo-convexcontact.Secondaryenlargementofquartzandfeldsparwasobvious.,91,Cont.,EditedPressuresolutionmakes/causesthelinearcontactbetweenparticlesgraduallychangetoconcavo-convexcontactandquartzaswellasfeldsparbesecondarilyenlarged.(makesth/someonedo/besth),92,Cont.,在固液耦合蠕变初期阶段，由于破碎砂岩体的结构平衡性较差，在外载荷作用下颗粒间易产生滑动，各粒径岩样孔隙率减小的较快。Intheearlystageofthesolid-liquidcouplingcreep,particlesareeasytoslideunderexternalloadbecausethebrokensandstoneisnotgoodinstructuralbalance,makingtheporosityofbrokensandstonebecomesmallquickly.,93,3.Numerals,Whichisright?9pagesorninepagestenpagesor10pagestwomgor2mgThereare11peopleandonecar.Or:Thereare11peopleand1car.30patientswereincluded.Or:Thirtypatientswereincluded.,94,4.SHALLvs.WILL,1)“Shall”meanswhatisgoingtohappen;“will”meansintentionally.2)“Will“ismuchstrongerthan“shall”Itshall(will)belaterifthathappens.3)Use“shall,”whenstatingwhatcomeslaterinthepaperWeshallexaminethemechanismintheDiscussion.Use“shall”inmostcases,95,Cont.,UseWillinastrongscientificstatementInthefuture,theArcticwilllikelybecomewarmerthanitwasandwillstaywarmerforthousandsofyearsifgreenhousegasconcentrationscontinuetorise.(Science20June2008:Vol.320.no.5883,pp.15951596),96,5.CANNOT(Cant)vs.CANNOT,Cannot(cant)meansabilityIcannotdothis.(Ihavenoabilitytodothis)CannotmeansactivityIcannotdothis.(Icannotdoth