College English Grammar and Writing 4 Modifiers：Adverb.ppt

CollegeEnglishGrammar GrammarandWriting Unit4 Modifiers AdverbGrammar AdverbsWriting Correcting MisplacedModifiersand lyModifiersRewriting Relationshipandcompleteness Adverbs Adverbsmodifyverbs adjectives otheradverbs oranentireclausebymakingitsmeaningmorespecific Wegoshopping Weoftendothatatweekend Weoftengoshoppingatweekend modifyingverb go Bobisastudent Heisgood Hisgoodnessisunusual Bobisanunusuallygoodstudent modifyingadjective good Mychildgetsup Hegetsupatseven Healmostalwaysgetsupatseven Mychildalmostalwaysgetsupatseven modifyingadverb always Manyadverbsareformedbyadding lytoanadjective general generally bad badly soft softly definite definitely happy happily frequent frequentlyLikeadjectives someadverbshavethreeformsofcomparison positive comparative andsuperlative PositiveComparativeSuperlativebadlyworseworstfarfarther furtherfarthest furthestforeformerforemost firstlatelaterlatest lastlittlelessleastmuchmoremostwellbetterbest 1 KindsofAdverbsAdverbsofTime afterwards later now soon yesterday then recently still finallyetc AdverbsofPlace abroad anywhere here outside somewhere there homeetc AdverbsofManner well fast slowly carefully quicklyetc AdverbsofFrequency always often usually frequently never seldom sometimes etc AdverbsofDegree almost entirely greatly highly partially practically totally very etc AdverbsofNegation no not neither noretc AdverbsofProbability certainly definitely maybe perhaps possibly probablyetc AdverbsofInterrogative when where how whyetc Others also too onlyetc 1 Positionofadverbs Whenanadverbmodifiesanadjectiveoranotheradverb themodifyingadverbmustimmediatelyprecedethewordmodified Thepricesarequitereasonable Weareverymuchhopingyoucanattendourwedding Whenanadverbmodifiesaverb ithasthreepositionsinasentence front beforethesubject middle betweenthesubjectandthemainverb andend aftertheverborobject SometimesIfeelquitelonely Mathematics issometimesabbreviatedto math Icannotsenseyourmeaningsometimes Theadverbshouldnotbeputbetweentheverbandtheobject Shepickedupslowlythegun Shepickedupthegunslowly However adverbsshouldalwayscomeafterintransitiveverbs verbswhichhavenoobject Illweedsgrowfast Itpaystoworkhonestly Also somecommonadverbs well badly hardetc arealmostalwaysplacedaftertheverb Theysufferedbadlyduringtheflood Althoughgrumblingsometimes heworkedhard Asageneralrule itiswisetoplacetheadverbasnearaspossibletothewordthatitmodifies Hedrivescarefully Thepartyhasthoroughlysearchedthewholecave Adverbsofmannerandplaceareusuallyputbehindthedirectobject orbehindtheverbifthere snodirectobject Theboysneakedoutofthehousequietly Wehavetowalkbackhome Adverbsoftimeareusuallyputattheendofasentencebut tocatchattention youcanalsoputthematthebeginningofasentence ShestayedintheBears houseallday TomorrowI mgoingtotidymyroom Adverbsoffrequencyareusuallyplacedbeforethemainverbbutafterauxiliaryverbs suchasbe have may must Youmustalwaysfastenyourseatbelt Ihaveneverforgottenmyfirstkiss 3 Orderofadverbs Usualwordorderwithdifferentadverbsis manner place timeShesangbeautifullyinthebathroomlastnight Themurderescapedquicklyfromthevillageatdusk Asageneralrule shorteradverbialphrasesgobeforelongeradverbialphrases regardlessofcontent Thecattakesawalkaftersupereverydayofitslife Hewillwaitforusatsixatthewestgateoftheuniversity Asecondruleisthatamongsimilaradverbialphrasesofkind manner place frequency etc themorespecificadverbialphrasecomesfirst MozartwasborninJanuaryin1756 Theylivedinalittlelogcabininthemountains Ofadverbsofmanner theshorterusuallycomesbeforethelongerandtheyarelinkedwitheachotherbyconjunctionssuchasand butetc Pleasedriveslowlyandcarefully Shespokefastbutclearly Exercises1 Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence Thecompanyhasacquiredanofficebuilding Thepurchaseisrecent Thebuildingisnew ThebuildingisincentralBoston ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston Heputforwardagoodsuggestion Thesuggestionisforstudents Thestudentsaregoingtostudyabroad Heputforwardagoodsuggestionforstudents whoaregoing tostudyabroad Theoldmandriveshisboat Hedoesitslowly Hewantstoavoidhittingtherocks Theoldmandriveshisboatslowlytoavoidhittingtherocks Sheledanexistence Herexistencewassolitary Shewaslonely Herlonelinesswasseldom Sheledasolitaryexistencebutwasseldomlonely 5 Technologyhaschangedourlife Ithasdonethatoverthepasttwodecades Thechangeistotal Technologyhastotallychangedourlifeoverthepasttwodecades 6 Thehotelisnotspacious Thehotelisnotcomfortable Thehotelisneitherspaciousnorcomfortable 7 ThewordderivesfromLatin Itisprobable Themeaningofthewordescapesme Theword whosemeaningescapesme probablyderivesfromLatin MisplacedModifiersand lyModifiers Amodifierisawordorphrasethatgivesmoreinformationaboutthesubject verb orobjectinasentence Itshouldbeplacedascloseaspossibletothewordsitmodifies1 MisplacedmodifiersAmisplacedmodifierissimplyawordorphrasedescribingsomethingbutnotplacednearenoughtheworditissupposedtomodify Itcausesconfusionbecauseitmodifieswrongwordinasentence Youcanplacethemodifiernearornexttotheworditismeanttomodify Dickbecameillafterhemarriedanddied Afterhemarried Dickbecameillanddied Themanwhistledtothedogonthewaytothepark Onthewaytothepark themanwhistledtothedog Muchattentionshouldbegiventotheadverbssuchasonly just nearly andalmost Theyareoftenmisplacedandcauseanunintendedmeaning Theboynearlymadeahundreddollarslastweek Theboymadenearlyahundreddollarlastweek Peoplewhousedrugsfrequentlysufferhealthproblems Peoplewhofrequentlyusedrugssufferhealthproblems Examplesareoftenmisplaced Don tplaceexamplesontotheendofasentencewhentheideabeingillustratediselsewhere Economicproblemsaredifficulttohandlesuchasinflationandunemployment Economicproblemssuchasinflationandunemploymentaredifficulttohandle 2 lyModifiersTherearetwocommonerrorsformodifiersendingin ly 1 Althoughmost lymodifyingwordsareadverbs therearestillsomeexceptions usuallyn ly youshouldgivespecialattentionto Cowardly friendly gingerly leisurely likely lowly miserly niggardlyandtimelyareusuallyadjectives Hetimelyarrivedtohelpusout Hisarrivaltohelpusoutwastimely Itwastimelythathearrivedtohelpusout Atthechurch theywelcomedtheseyoungskiersfriendly Atthechurch theygavetheseyoungskiersafriendlywelcome Atthechurch theseyoungskiersreceivedafriendlywelcome Foralongtime hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyalunchleisurely Foralongtime hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyaleisurelylunch 2 Avoidusingconsecutive threeormore lymodifiers Awkward Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheprobablyrelativelylowlypositionofaship ssurgeon Better Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheperhapsrelativelyhumblepositionofaship ssurgeon Exercises Correctthefollowingmisplacedordanglingmodifiers HeremployeeisapleasantyoungwomanwitharingnamedRebecca Theystoodinlinetobuyticketstotheshowfortwentyminutes Adogwashitbyacarrunningacrossthestreet Thehomeworkscarcelytookthemanhourtocomplete Thepresidentonlyhastwodaystostaywithhisfamily Ialmostwaitedahalfanhourformybrother Whilecleaninghisgun itwentoffunexpectedly Approachingthewoods acabinwillcomeintoyoursight Tosavemoneyenoughtoaffordherdaughter seducation herhousehasbeensoldout Afterlookingoutthewindowforhours therainpassed Correcting womannamedRebeccawitharingstoodinlinefortwentyminutesAdogrunningacrossthestreetscarcelyanhouronlytwodaysalmostahalfanhourWhilehewascleaninghisgun itwentoffunexpectedly Acabinwillcomeintoyoursightwhenyou reapproachingthewoods Tosavemoneyenoughtoaffordherdaughter seducation shehassoldoutherhouse AfterIlookingoutthewindowforhours therainpassed Theexerciseinthissectionistocreateeffectivepassagesbycombiningtheshortsentenceswhichyouthinkisrelatedintolonger morecomplexones Iftherearesomemistakes correctthem Passage1 AdaptedfromLesson11 NewConceptEnglishbyL G Alexander Ihaddinneratarestaurant TonySteelecam