学术英语(人文社科类)Unit

10,TheStudyofPoliticsasaScienceWhyisthestudyofpoliticsnotcalled“politics”but“politicalscience”?Whatrendersthestudyofpoliticalscience?Thisunitmayhelpusfindtheanswersbyprovidinginsightintothenatureofpoliticalscienceandthekindofworkpoliticalscientistsdo.,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,Definitionofpoliticalscience:thestudyofthestruggles,bothsmallandlarge,ofwhogetswhat,when,how,inanefforttodevelopgeneralprinciplesortheoriesaboutthewaytheworldofpoliticsworks.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,Majorsub-fields(Para1)eightmajorsub-fieldsTofindoutthesub-headingsinTextAwhichdemonstratesamoredetailedsketchoftheworkpoliticalscientistsdo.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,1.Investigatingrelationships2.Buildingtheories1)Whatishypothesis?Statementsthatresearchersconstructforthepurposeoftestingwhetherornotacertainrelationshipexistsbetweentwophenomena2)Howtobuildtheories?Bydevelopingandtestinghypothesis.e.g.Wewanttoknowwhetherpresidentialelectionsareaffectedbyeconomicconditions.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,Hypothesis:Whenthenationalunemploymentrateisgreaterthansevenpercentatthetimeoftheelection,presidentialincumbentsarenotreelected.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,3.Collectingdata1)thedependentvariableofthehypothesis:thereelectionofincumbentpresidents2)theindependentvariable:thenationalunemploymentrate3)thefinding:Inmostcasestheincumbentlostwhenthenationalunemploymentratewasgreaterthan7percentatthetimeofapresidentialelection.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,5.Clear,consistent,objectivewritingavoidtheuseofimpressionisticormetaphoricallanguage;persuadethroughtheircommandofthefactsandtheirabilitytorelatethosefactstotheories;clarityandconcision(e.g.clearlydefineterms/concepts)operationalizekeytermsoperationalization:theprocessofspecifyingtheextensionofaconceptdescribingwhatisandisnotapartofthatconcept,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,TextAnalysis,e.g.angerItisdifficulttomeasure“anger”inempiricalresearch.Weneedtohavemoreprecisecriteriawithwhichtomeasureorassessit.Suchcriteriainthiscasecanincludefacialexpression,choiceofvocabulary,loudnessandtoneofvoice.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,1politicalscience_2comparativepolitics_3internationalrelations_4politicalmethodology_5publicpolicy_6publicadministration_,Suggestedanswers,TextA,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,Languagebuilding-up,Task1Specializedvocabulary,TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese.,政治学,比较政治,国际关系,政治学方法论,公共政策,公共行政管理,1.PoliticalScienceisasocialsciencedisciplineconcernedwiththestudyofthestate,governmentandpolitics.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingtheaboveterms.,Suggestedanswers,TextA,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,Languagebuilding-up,Task1Specializedvocabulary,2.Comparativepoliticsisasubfieldofpoliticalscience,characterizedbyanempiricalapproachbasedonthecomparativemethod.,3.Internationalrelationsresearchcoversinternationalpolitics,currentaffairs,diplomacy,andglobalcultures.,4.PoliticalmethodologyisasubfieldofPoliticalSciencethatstudiesthequantitativemethodsusedtostudypolitics.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingtheaboveterms.,Suggestedanswers,TextA,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,Languagebuilding-up,Task1Specializedvocabulary,5.Publicpolicyisagovernmentalattempttoaddressapublicissue.,6.Oneoftheoldestprofessions,publicadministrationhaslonginvolvedlogisticalissuesofgovernment.,1.generalizeduseof“you”CorrectedVersion:Evidenceofabuseisfrequentlyfoundassoonasthepublicadministrationissuesarestudiedcarefully.,Suggestedanswers,TextA,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,Languagebuilding-up,Task3FormalEnglish,2.useofcontractionslikecouldnt,cant,isntCorrectedVersion:Thepanelcouldnotestablishthecauseofthedisasterandintheendnoblamewasattachedtothecompany.,3.inappropriatelyinformallanguagelikegreatCorrectedVersion:Theresultsofthegovernmentstudywerehighlyusefulbecausetheyenabledtheuniversitytofundthenewdepartment.,Suggestedanswers,TextA,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,Languagebuilding-up,Task3FormalEnglish,4.rhetoricalquestionsshouldbeavoidedCorrectedVersion:ItisquestionablewhethertheDesignSchoolModelprovidesapracticalsolutiontotheproblemofstrategyformulation.,TextAnalysis,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,Comparetraditionalpoliticalscienceeducationandtheauthorssuggestionsaboutit.,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasaScience,civiceducation,politicalsocialization,maximizingstudentscapacitytoanalyze,andevenshapepoliticaleventsandgovernmentalprocesses,educationforcitizenship,educationforpublicservice,internationalrelations,knowledgeofpoliticalscienceandrelateddisciplines,politicalscientists,goodcitizens,U.S.-centered,thewholeworld,includingnon-Westerncultures,UN:_UNCED:_NGO:_WSSD:_EDC:_LDC:_,Suggestedanswers,TextC,Unit10TheStudyofPoliticsasa