大学英语语法课件-名词性从句

Grammar,NounClauses,Howshouldweusemoderntechnology?Theproblemis,Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.,WhenwillmanbeabletoliveonMars?.isunknowntousall.,WhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.,Wherewillalltheseadvancedtechnologyleadus?Icantimagine.,Icantimaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologywillleadus.,1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。,名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。,名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从中不省,宾语从句ObjectClause,表语从句Predicative,主语从句SubjectClasuse,同位语从句AppositiveClause,名词性从句NounClause,从句一律保持陈述语序,主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1)Thattheearthisroundistrue.2)Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.3)Whathesaidsurprisedmemost.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.,7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itsaid/reportedthat据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.,“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导,主语从句的“that”一般不能省。,“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后作表语的名词一致2）根据句子的语境而定,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,注意,is,are,is,2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）that,whether，if（that常可省略）连词：who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.,travels,willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：,Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已经完成了工作),时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),hadfinished,注意,wrote,hastaken,hadbeen,6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be),宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.,Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,Theproblemis_,Thisis_.,Itlooks_.,thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.,howHenrysolvedtheproblem.,asifitisgoingtorain.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”一般情况下，“that”不能省Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,4同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；rumour；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how,Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,Ihavenoidea,whenhewillgetmarried.,howtheycangetthetreasure.,wheretheconcertwillbeheld.,whoisfitforthework.,whyithappened.,whichpenismine.,whatweshoulddonext.,whomtheyaretalkingabout.,whetheritllraintomorrow.,thatourfootballteamwonthegame.,WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1.同位语从句that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2.同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句that不能省定语从句that在从句中作宾语时，可以省,Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.,1)Whatistheidea?,Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.,2)Whatsurprisesmanypeople?,i)Theideasurprisesmanypeople.,ii)Thatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.,2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.,1)Whatisthepossibility?,Thepossibilityisthatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathome.,2)Whatisoftendiscussed?,i)Thepossibilityisoftendiscussed.,ii)Thatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.,3.Welldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,1)Whatistheproblem?,Theproblemisthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,2)Whatwillwediscuss?,Welldiscusstheproblem.,Welldiscussthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,that与whether/if的选择：,(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?,D,C,whether/if,that,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,归纳,whether/if,that,whathoweverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever6.Theworkersconsidereditimportant_thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which,7.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how,9.Difficultylies_wehavenomoney.A.thatB.inthatC.inthefactD.inthefactthat,10.Idontthinkthequestionof_theyareoldoryoungisimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why,11.Itmakesnodifference_youwillgotodayortomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what12._shouldbesenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould,13.Thenews_LincolnwasmurderedfilledtheAmericanpeoplesheartswithdeepsorrow.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how14._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter15.Idonttrusthispromise_hewillbuymeanewcar.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that,16.Shereceivedthemessage_hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when17.Energyis_makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that18.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom_afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit,19.Weallknowthetruth_thereareair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings.A.whereverB.whereC.thatD.thatwherever20.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.howyouget;thatyougiveB.whichyouget;whatyougiveC.whatyouget;whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget;whatdoyougive21._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,1.Itsgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.whichB.thatC.whateverD.allwhat2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.whichB.thatC.whateverD.allwhat3._kills,sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds,istoblame.AnyoneB.AnyonewhoC.ThosewhoD.Those,B,C,C,Exercises,.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.,表示建议,请求,命令,要求,坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.,归纳,2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇,不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc,)that,e.g.Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.,试区分以下句子,Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?,Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?,注意：1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),拓展,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,C,C,D