阅读技巧---Distinguishing-Fact-From-OpinionPPT课件

-,1,ReadingSkills,-DistinguishingFactFromOpinion,-,2,Generalideaof“fact”and“opinion”,Purpose:Helpustoachieveadeeperlevelofunderstandinginourreading.Facts:Statementsthatcanbeverified-proventobetrue.Opinions:-statementsthatdescribesomeonesjudgment,belief,feelingorwayofthinkingaboutatopic.,-,3,Questions,Whatfactswerepresentedinthearticle?Whatevidencedidtheauthorincludetosupportstatementsoffact?Whathypothesesdidtheauthorpresentintheselection?Whatopinionswererevealedintheselection?Can(thisstatement)beproventrueorfalse?Howdidtheauthorconveythevalidityoftheinformation?Whatwordsandphrasesdidtheauthorusetoletreadersknowthatanideawasafactoranopinion?,-,4,Whatisfact?,Factsarestatementsthattellwhatreallyhappensorwhatthecaseis,andtheyareusuallybasedondirectevidences.Therefore,afactcanbeprovedordisprovedwithdirectevidence.Facts,onceverifiedortakenfromareputablesource,canbeacceptedandregardedasreliableinformation.Youcanfindfactsinlegalrecords,scientificfindings,encyclopedias,atlases（地图集）,etc.,-,5,Whatisfact?,Examples:1.Hermother,Deborah,allalonghadbeensupportiveofourrelationship,andevenjokedaboutwhenweweregoingtogetmarriedsoshecouldhavegrandchildren.-apaststateofaffairs2.Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfellweak,tired,andoutofbreath-andexerciseperformanceisseverelycompromised.-thesentencereportshowpeoplefeelinthefinalstage.,-,6,Whatisopinion?,Opinionsarenotreliablesourcesofinformationbutstatementsofbelief,judgmentorfeelingandshouldbequestionedandcarefullyevaluated.Opinionsinvolvesomeonestasteandpreferenceandshowwhatsomeonethinksorfeelsaboutasubject.Opinionscantbeproventoeveryonessatisfaction.,-,7,Whatisopinion?,Somewordscanserveascluestostatementsofsomekindsofopinion.1.Ibelieve,Ithink,Ifeel,Isuggest,inmyopinion,inmyview,itislikelythat,seemingly,presumably,oneexplanationisapparently,maymean,itwouldseem,estimates,claims,itisapparentthat,isconsideredtobe,itappears,calculates,areconvincedthat,(experts)believe,likelyto,predictsE.g.:Imsurethattimewillonlyconfirmwhatwefeeldeeplyabouteachother.,-,8,Whatisopinion?,2.probably,perhaps,possibly,usually,often,sometimes,onoccasion(areusedtolimitastatementoffactandtoindicatethepossibilityofotheropinions)Examples:Maybeourchildrenwillhavesomeproblems,butwhosechildrendont?Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.,-,9,Whatisopinion?,3.“qualifierwords”,emotivewordslike:best,disgusting,good,great,nice,terrible,thebest,beautiful,ugly,thelowest,pretty,theworst,themostExamples:WhenwemetIsawhimasmybeloved,intelligent,charmingandcaring.CapeTownisthebestcitytolivein,orDurbanisthebestcity.,-,10,Whatisopinion?,4.emotiveresponse(theuseofexaggerated,emotionalwordstodescribethewritersresponsetosomethingmaysignalthatopinion,notfact,willfollow):horrified,shocked,humiliated,enragedExample:No,itisntreallymusic.Itsweird.Itisdefinitelyhorriblestuff.,-,11,Whatisopinion?,5.Confidentassertions(soundslikeprovenfactsbutmayactuallybeopinion):theproblemis,thesolutionis,itssfault,certainly,frankly,obviously.Example:Thatsthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.,-,12,MoreExamples,1.Ifironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifyingyourdietorbytakingsupplements.-imperativesentences2.Ingeneral,itsbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becauseironsupplementscanhaveseriousshortcomings.,-,13,Thedifficultiesinseparatingfactfromopinion,MixtureoffactandopinionWhenwearereadingforinformation,thefirststepistomakesurewhetherthearticlehaspresentedusfactsoropinionsandtowhatextenttheyarereliable.Examples:Theywerepeeredatcautiouslyfrombehindcurtainsbythetimid.-Tostatethefactthatthepersonswerebeingpeeredatfrombehindcurtains.-thusthesentenceisbasicallyfactual.,-,14,Mixtureoffactandopinion,Whenwehaveamixtureoffactandopinioninasinglestatement,wemustdecidewhetherthemainpointofthesentenceisessentiallyfactoropinion.Sometimesanopinionispresentedasifitwereafact:Example:Butonethingtheyllalwayshave:ourloveanddevotion.-Onthesurfaceitisastatementoffact,butactuallyitisonlyapromise,somethingyettoberealizedinthefuture.,-,15,Makesuretorememberthatfactsareverifiablebysomeoneotherthanthereaderandthatopinionsexpressfeelings,unsupportedbeliefsandpreferences.Sometimesfactslooklikeopinionsandviceversa.,-,16,Youropinionandthewriters,Whenyouagreewiththewritersopinion:Whenwebelievesomethingverystrongly,itseasytomistakeouropinionsforfacts.1.Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.-Thisisafactasitisasentencesimplyaboutsportmedicineexpertsobservation.,-,17,Youropinionandthewriters,2.Exercisecanresultinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.-AnopinionThewritersattitudetowardsthematterbeingtalkedabout.,-,18,Guidelines,1.Statementsdealingwithpersons,places,objects,oroccurrencesthatexistordidexist,andthatcanhavetheirtruthorfalsityproved,arefacts.Example:Inlastnightsclass,Dr.JohnspokeonmethodsofteachingEnglish.,-,19,Guidelines,2.Statementswhosetruthorfalsitycanbeprovedordisprovedarestatementsoffactevenwhentheycouldbeinerrorandprovedfalse.Infact,then,isnotalwaysaccurateorcorrect.Examples:Threehundredandtwenty-seventeachersfromforty-nineschoolsattendedtheschool-boardingmeeting.Itissunnyoutside.-Iftruthorfalsitycanbeproved,itisastatementoffact.,-,20,Guidelines,3.Statementsthatdealwithevaluations,attitudesorprobabilitiesarestatementsofopinionbecausetheycannotbeprovedtrueorfalse.Example:Notenoughpeoplecareaboutthepoliticalsituationtoensureanychange.-Itisopinionbecauseitcantbeprovedbyobjectivemeans.-Statementsofopinionareoftenpresentedinanauthoritativevoice-dontbeconfused.Ifitcantbeproved,itisstillopinionnomatterhowdefiniteitsounds.,-,21,Guidelines,4.Statementsaboutfutureeventsareopinionsevenwhenthoseeventsseemvery