1.初中英语语法名词ppt课件

名词,泗溪中学潘丽华,1,LEARNINGGOALS,一名词概述二名词的分类三名词的数四名词的格五名词的用法,2,LEARNINGSTRATEGY,MemorizeUnderstandExercise,3,一名词概述,名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等,4,二名词的分类,专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等个体名词可数名词普通名词(有单复数之分)集体名词物质名词：自然物质，食品，饮料等不可数名词（没有复数形式）抽象名词：情感，学科，概念等,5,专有名词表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等的名词的统称。April,China,theGreatWall,theGreatHallofthePeople,6,普通名词：一类东西或者一个抽象概念名词个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：dictionary,student,pencil,chair集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family,police,class,group物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：bread,rice,air,paper,wood,wool抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work,peace,knowledge,homework,housework。,7,三名词的数,（一）可数名词的数1名词变复数的规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/desk-bed-dog-pencil-,desks,beds,dogs,pencils,8,2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es读/iz/watch-boxbrush-dish-,watches,boxes,brushes,dishes,9,3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es(study-studies)；元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s(例：day-days)factory-dictionarylady-,factories,dictionaries,ladies,10,4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f或fe改为v，再加-es（半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙）half-leaf-self-wifeknife-wolf-shelf-thief-life-,halves,leaves,selves,wives,knives,wolves,shelves,thieves,lives,11,5)以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es;无生命的加-s.（英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）+es（带上收音机，去动物园弹钢琴和照相）+shero-potatotomatozoo-pianoradio-photo-,heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos,pianos,radios,photos,12,Sumup,（一）可数名词的数1名词变复数的规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es读/iz/3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s(day-days)4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es5)以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es；无生命的加-s。,13,2名词变复数的不规则变化：特殊名词1）变内部元音（oo-ee;a-e）foot-tooth-goose-man-woman-mouse-policeman-gentleman-2）词尾加-en或renchild-ox-3）单复同形（鱼,鹿和绵羊）fish,deer,sheep4）某国人(中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面）JapaneseChineseEnglishman-Frenchman-German-American-,feet,teeth,geese,men,women,policemen,gentlemen,children,oxen,mice,Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Americans,14,名词变复数的不规则变化：复合名词1）将主体名词变为复数boystudent-girlstudent2)两部分都变成复数womansinger-mandoctor-Sport修饰名词时，无论主体词时单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式运动会运动鞋,boystudents,girlstudents,womensingers,mendoctors,sportsmeeting,sportsshoes,15,SUMUP,名词变复数的不规则变化：特殊名词1）变内部元音（oo-ee;a-e）2）词尾加-en或ren3）单复同形4）某国人(口诀)复合名词1）将主体名词变为复数两部分都变成复数Sport修饰名词时，无论主体词时单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式,16,（三）、不可数名词及其量的表达,物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：bread,rice,air,paper,wood,wool抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work,peace,knowledge,homework,housework。,17,不可数名词量的表达法,用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等表示。Thereismuchwaterintheriver.2.用”单位词+of”表示。apieceofpapertwopiecesofpaperacupofcoffeetwocupsofcoffeeapieceofnewstwopiecesofnews,3.一些可数名词也可加单位词表示量Aboxofeggstwoboxesofmatches,18,Fish作鱼讲时单复数同形可数；Thisisafish作鱼肉讲时，不可数;Eg:Thereisnotmuchfishontheplate.作各种鱼类讲时后面必须加-es构成复数Eg:Heraisesalotoffishesinthepool.,19,（四）有些不可数名词在一定的上下文也可以用作可数名词，但往往意思也发生变化,20,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,21,8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.Jimhassome.(knife)12.Howmucharethese?(vegetable),vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,knives,22,四、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：（1）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：ChildernsDay(儿童节),mysistersbook(我姐姐的书)（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：TeachersDay(教师节)（3）如果两个名词并列并且都加s则表示分别有；只有s一个则表示共有例如：JohnsandMarysrooms约翰的房间和玛丽的房间JohnandMarysroom约翰和玛丽的房间（两人共用一个房间）,23,（4）复数名词和短语，s加在最后一个词的词尾例如：amonthortwosleave（5）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.如：todaysnewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutesbreak(十分钟的课间休息),Chinaspopulation(中国的人口).（6）无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).,24,名词所有格所修饰的词的省略1）在某些句子中，名词所有格所修饰的词，往往可以省略JohnsbikeisbetterthanMikes.2）表示店铺、住家、公共建筑时，名词所有格后可省略名词thedoctorsMr.Blacks3）the+姓氏复数，表示“一家人”theSmiths史密斯一家;4）年份前面加the后面加-s,表示年代，例如20世纪80年代，the1980s双重所有格:afriendofmysisters=oneofmysistersfriend,apictureofMr.Li(s),25,1.September10thisDay.(teacher)2.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)3.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),Teachers,minutes,Lucys,26,1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreewiththeyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,27,五名词的用法,1作主语(句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事)Thestudentsareplayingfootballnow.2作表语（放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征）SheisanEnglishteacher.3作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语（表示及物动词动作的对象）Wearestudyingmathsnow.Heoftenreadsthenewspaperbeforesupper.4作定语，主要修饰它后面的名词（限定或修饰名词、代词）Thisisagrammarbook.Thisisabicyclefactory.,28,注：名词作定语时，除了man,woman用复数形式外，其他都不用复数形式，例如：ashoeshop,anappletree,表示复数形式，twoshoeshops,appletrees.5作状语，主要用来表示时间、距离、长度、重量、程度、方式或价格等。可以单独作状语，也可以是名词词组作状语（修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等含义）Thefilmlastedanhour.Theboxweighs20kilograms.Igotoschooleveryday.6作同位语Westudentsmuststudyhard.,29,指点迷津,Tenyears_(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes_(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren_(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_(are,am)anAmerican.,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,30,指点迷津,6.Maths_(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany_(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents_(have,has)gonetoShanghai.,is,is,womenteachers,people,has,NOUN.,31,LEARNINGGOALS,一名词概述二名词的分类三名词的数四名词的格五名词的用法,32,典型例题解析,TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()Theyoungisdancingthere.()Theyoungaredancingthere.()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.(),NOUN.,33,()1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800-metreraceyesterday.AboysBboysCboyDboys.()4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitth