英语动词时态表.doc

英语动词时态表一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/shou初中英语常用不规则动词分类表 （人教版） 为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。 1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖 5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 （4）其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿透析中考英语语法时态考点【时态命题趋势与预测】时态是高考命题的重点,.主要考查考生在具体语境、特殊语境中对时态的运用能力。进行时、完成时以及完成进行时的考查则是重中之重，故考生在掌握特殊情况下表达一般时的同时，应更加注重进行时完成时以及完成进行时的运用。【考点诠释】一、对一般现在时考查1考查其基本概念：一般现在时通常表示习惯性的、反复发生的动作。通常与表示频度的副词如 often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和时间状语如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week / month / year, on Sundays 等连用。一般现在时可表示主语的特征、能力或状态以及普遍真理。【考例】The woman and her husband _in the same office. 广东省A. work B. works C. is working D. has worked答案A解析本题考查时态。句意为“这个妇女和她丈夫在同一个办公室工作”。句中虽然没有时间状语，但是可以从句意上看出是经常性的动作，故用一般现在时；句子主语为复数，故动词用原形work。2考查一般现在时的替代用法：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引导的时间状语中或由 if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whetheror, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 【考例】-Im sorry that John is out.-Please ask him to call me as soon as he_.成都市A. returned B. returns C. will return答案B解析考查以as soon as引导的从句。 以as soon as引导的时间状语从句常以一般现在时代替一般将来时。2、 对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。 有时句子中虽然不含表示过去时间的状语，但根据语境可判断动作或状态已经发生，而且与现在没有任何联系，也需用一般过去时。 【考例】一What did you do after school yesterday?一I _basketball with my friends北京市A play B played C will play Dam playing答案B解析由上句“昨天放学后你在干什么？”句意可知对过去发生的事情询问，回答也应用过去式。故选B。一Mr. Green，_you _Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday?一Nobut Ill visit them next week. 福州市 A will；go to B have；been to C did；go to Dhave；gone to答案C解析本题是一个单纯考查时态的题目。A项是一般将来时，B、D两项是现在完成时，c项是一般过去时。句中有一个典型的表示过去时间的状语last Sunday，类似这样的时间状语，往往与一般过去时态的谓语动词连用，所以正确答案为C项。His family the zoo last week. 吉林省A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. will visit答案C解析 由关键信息last week(表过去)可直接选C。三、对一般将来时的考查一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般将来时有多种表达法：1be going to do 表示计划、安排或有迹象表明要发生的事情。2“shall / will + do”单纯表示将来，不含计划、安排之意；有时表示主语的临时决断。3be about to do sth 表示马上就要发生某事，通常不与时间状语连用，常用于be about to do.when. 结构, 表示“正要突然”。4某些主要用于表示动作转移的动词，如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, meet, move, sail, begin, fall, marry, publish, see, stay等，用现在时表示将来时，指的是按计划安排或时刻表要发生的事。5“be to + 动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定。6祈使句 + or / and + 一般将来时态的并列句”句型中【考例】I the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow北京市A. will return B returned C have returned D return答案A解析 考查if引导的主从复合句。以if引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。-Mum, what are you doing?-Your uncle has come. I_ put an extra fork on the table. 太原市A. will B. have C. would答案A解析本题重在考查一般将来时的用法。从问句What are you doing推知A项will最适合语境。-Look at the noisy kids!-Havent you heard the saying When the cat is away, the mice _. ?河南省A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play答案D解析谚语。固定用法。四、对现在进行时的考查现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作或目前所处的状态。有些动词常用现在进行时态表示按计划或安排即将发生的事情。【考例】Jack has never been to Disneyland before，but he _there this summer沈阳市A has been B is going C went Dgoes答案B解析 依据句意：“杰克以前没有去过迪斯尼乐园，但今年夏天他打算去。”is going正在进行时表将来，故选B。五、对现在完成时的考查ww.5zk53u.ecom现在完成时的用法主要有两点：1过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有yet, already, just, ever, never, now, before, lately, recently。2表示某动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。常用的时间状语有today, this week, these days, so far, up to now, since, ever since, since then, by this time, for years / ages, for a long time, several times, in / over the past few years, “since + 过去某一时刻”,“for + 时间段”等。有时在时间或条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。【考例】Hearing that she _the entrance exam to the university，Fudy is thrilled青岛市Ahas failed in B. is succeeded in Cis failed in Dhas succeed in答案D。解析本题考查词义辨析 由“听说他成功地通过了考试，Judy非常兴奋。”可知选D。Its raining! When did it start? 一I dont know exactlyIn fact，it _all this afternoon. 北京市 A1asts B has 1asted C1asted Dwill 1ast答案B解析考查现在完成时态。从句意“事实上，已持续了整整一个下午了”，不难看出，不能用一般过去时，此句中last持续”作延续性动词。从信息all this afternoon可知。-Are you going to see the film with us? -No, thanks. I _ it. 广东省A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing答案B解析本题考查动词的时态。由对话的语境可推测句意“我已看过这部电影”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时。-Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He _ the Xuanwu Lake Park. 南京市A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to答案C解析 考查现在完成时态。have gone to(到某地去了，还没有回来)；have been to(去过某地，已经回来了)。Jane _. Im waiting for her. 成都市A. came back B. has come back C. hasnt come back答案C解析考查现在完成时态。根据后句句意：“我正在等她”可知。6. 过去进行时ww.zk533u.ecom过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时常用来解释某种行为的原因。过去进行时有时也可表示过去将来时。【考例】Dick gave me a note while I _in the library一I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you黄冈市A are reading B was reading C reads Dwill read答案B解析 考查过去进行时态。while引导的句子，当主句用一般过去时的时候从句用过去进行时态。-I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer. -Oh, sorry. I _ with my cousin in the supermarket. 安徽省A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop答案B解析 此处意为你打电话的那个时候我正在超市，故用过去进行时态。7.被动语态考查Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. (江西)A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told答案：D命题立意：本题考查时态的用法。试题解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. (上海)A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down答案：B命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. (浙江) A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped答案：A命题立意：本题考查交际用语中时态、语态的用法。试题解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选A。-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. (年湖北宜昌) A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite答案：B命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。- How often _ your school sports meeting _? (南通) - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold答案：C命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month,sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。ww.zk523u.ecomOn May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州) A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 答案：D命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. (徐州)A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards答案：A命题立意：本题考查时态的用法。试题解析：依据题意： “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousand- hand Guanyin，要用被动语态。故选A。Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. (杭州) A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted答案:C命题立意：本题考查被动语态的用法。试题解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. (2004年襄樊市) A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown答案: D命题立意：本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。试题解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。【语法过关】1.I like my new bike. It _ very well. A rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 2.Cotton _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels 3.The world _. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 4.- Have you ever_ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? - Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 5.Im sorry youve missed the train, It_10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 6. - Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? - John _. A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is 7.Mum? May I go out and play basketball? _ you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 8.Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? No, I_ it for two years. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 9.Will your mother_ you if you_ the English exam? Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with, dont pass B. be angry with, wont pass C. be angry to, dont pass D. be angry to, wont pass 10.Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter . Lets join them! are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 11.Our teacher , Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 12.I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 13. She will have a holiday as soon as she _ the work next week. A. finishes B. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish 14.-Where is Mr Green now ? I havent seen him for a few days. -He _ to Hong Kong . A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone 15. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher _. A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real16.-I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. -You mean if Sue comes youll come? will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited17.-Do you still have a headache, Billy? -No, its _. Im all right now, mum. A .dropped B. run C. left D. gone 18.-What are on show in the museum? -Some photos _ by African children. A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken 19.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 20. You may go fishing if your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 21. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, every four years _so far this century, except during the two world wars.A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held 22A new cinema _here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built23The new suspension bridge _by the end of last month. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed24Visitors _not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested25 Were they good to you during your stay there? Sure ! I _ one of the family there.A. was treated as B. was treated like C. had been looked on like D. had been considered like【参考答案】1.A ride用作不及物动词，有一种用法，就是表示（车、马等）骑起来感觉如何，本题正是这个用法，所以，用另外三种形式都不合适。2. D 自然规律用一般现在时态。3.B Things never stay the same.表明世界是运动的。所以应该说世界在变。用进行时。 4.D语境表明是曾经去过，ever是曾经的意思。5.A 10 minutes ago决定用一般过去时。 6. 依上下文选用一般过去时态。7.D yet一般多与完成时态连用。 8.B for 引导表示一段时间的状语一般同完成时态连用，had这里是买的意思，不用have bought，是因为buy是短暂动词，不同完成时态连用。 9.A be angry with 意思是同-生气；含条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是将来时，从句一般用现在时。 10.A Listen!表明动作正在进行。11.B the day before yesterday是一般过去时态的标志。 12.A 副词before一般与完成时态连用。13. A 含时间状语从句的复合句中，主句是将来时，从句用现在时。 14. D has gone用于指去某地了（现在不在说话的地方）。15. A come true意思是成为现实。主从句动词时态应该一致。16.D 根据上下文意思，邀请的人不是Sue，Sue和I都是被邀请的对象，所以要用被动语态。17.D 说病好了，症状消失了多用be gone。18.C 根据句子结构，Some photos不是句子的主语，所以A、B、D三个用作谓语的动词不能用在这里。taken这里是过去分词，连同后面的词，一起作Some photos的定语。 19.C 主语是A talk决定了动词用被动语态，next week决定了要用将来时态。20. A 主语是work, 又依语言环境用现在时。 21.A.奥运会作主语应用被动语态，叙述一般事实要用一般现在时。22 D从后一分句They hope to finish it next month可知，电影院此刻正在建设中。故应选D。23 B句中有“by the end of+过去时间”结构，句子的谓语动词一般用过去完成时态。句子的主语是物，故应用被动语态。其正确答案为B。24 D分析句子结构可知，本句的主语承受谓语动词所表示的动作，故本句应用被动语态。应选D。25A 谈话涉及的是过去的情况，故使用一般过去时。treatas意为“把当作”。动词时态与语态主讲：黄冈中学教师皮明松动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the ball in the glass.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I turn on the machine and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后一句用现在进行时。二、一般过去时的用法1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3句型：注意区分：It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了It is time (that)sb. did sth. 时间已迟了；早该了e.g.It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事(注意此处would rather 后接的是从句)Id rather you came tomorrow.4wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的