动名词-动词不定式(上课).ppt

Welcome,非谓语动词,广州学大Nicole2010年7月,Nonfiniteverbs,热身练习,1.Theoldmenenjoy_(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.2.Mysisterisinterestedin_inherfreetime.A.watchTVB.readingbooksC.listeningmusicD.playsbasketball3.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Heisgoodat_.A.singingB.singC.singsD.tosing,非谓语动词的概念,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制,非谓语动词分为三种形式:,不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）,非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查,考点分析,非谓语动词,动名词:doing动词不定式:todo,动名词,Gerund,动名词非谓语动词形式之一,1.构成:,动词原形+ing,Play-,dance-,playing,dancing,2.特征,动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，在句中可以做的成分：,主语、宾语、表语、定语,1)作主语,Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.Learningfromothersisimportant.,特征,Note:,A.动名词作主语时，有时会将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾，用it做形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置语。常用的结构有：Itis+n.+doing.Itis+adj.+doing,1.Swimminginthisriverisdangerous(主语？）Itisdangerousswimminginthisriver.,2.WaitinghereisnouseItisnousewaitinghere.,(主语？）,-,-,动名词做主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。适用于it做形式主语的名词（短语）有：nouse,nogood,fun,awaste(oftime),agreatpleasure,等适用于it做形式主语的形容词有：表示高兴的词（better，wonderful，enjoyablenice,good,interesting）useless,worthwhile,foolish,dangerous，difficult，等。,2）动名词作表语,动名词(短语)作表语用来表示主语的内容。Herjobis_（nurse)patients.Myfavoritesummersportis_(swim).,nursing,swimming,特征,3)动名词作宾语,A.动词宾语：Headmitted_(take)thewatch.Wouldyoumind_(turn)ontheradio?,taking,turning,特征,只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）,下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过,考虑,值得建议,完成,练习喜欢,想象,禁不住花费,保持,介意,Miss，consider，worth,suggest，finish，practise,enjoy，imagine，canthelp,spend，keep/keepon，mind,Icantimagine_(marry)agirlofthatsort.Isugggest_(buy)thedictionary,marrying,buying,15.Wouldyoumindmy_(open)thedoor?,既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。,1remember/forget,todo动作尚未发生,doing动作已经发生,Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),2.try,todo设法、努力去做，尽力,doing试试去做（看有何结果）,Shetriedwashingherhairwithanewshampoo.她试着用一种新的香波洗头发。Hetriedtoclimbthetree,buthecouldnot.他试图爬树，可爬不上去。,3.mean,todo打算做（主语一般是人）,doing意味着（主语一般是物）,4.regret,todo对将要做的事抱歉,doing对已经发生的事感到后悔,Iregrettotellyouthatyoucantpasstheexamination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试Iregretdisturbingyousolong.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久,Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Thisneworderwillmean(us)workingovertime.这一个新定单意味着（我们）得加班加点.,1、Thetwogirlsstoppedtalkingwhentheysawme.那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。2、Thetwogirlsstoppedtotalktomewhentheysawme.这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。,5.stop,todo停下去做另外一件事,doing停止做手头的事情,Thegardenneedswatering.Youneedtoworkhard.,6.need,todo(人做主语)某人需要做某事,doing（物做主语)某物需要被.,1.别忘了离开时把灯关了。Dontforgetbeforeleaving.2.父亲必须戒烟了。Fathermuststop.3.他看完电视后，继续看了一会书。AfterhewatchedTV,hewentonforawhile.4.这辆自行车需要修理了。Thisbikeneeds_.,toturnoffthelights,smoking,toread,repairing/mending,Whatisthefunctionofgerundinthesentence?,B.作介词的宾语,Heisinterestedin_(sing)songs.,Helefttheroomwithout_(say)goodbyetousall.,singing,saying,注意：to在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtocontributetoobjectto（反对）Letsgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：giveup,canthelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout,putoff,thinkof，insiston等Shecanthelpcryingatthesadsight.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?,Iwanttogiveyouabirthdaycake.,小试牛刀,1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_abouttheInternet.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-Itstoohot.Wouldyoumind_thedoor?-_.Pleasedoit.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,wellkeep_untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying4.-Areyouenjoying_inNingbo?-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5Wecouldnthelp_(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.livingC.livesD.lived,4)做定语,动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词的功能、作用。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthe_(read)room.,Awalkingstick,Astickforwalking,reading,特征,Whereisgerund?Whatisthefunctionofgerundinthesentence?,1.Beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood2.Doyoumindansweringmyquestion？3.Tokeepmoneythatyouhavefoundisstealing4.Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom,（作定语）,（作宾语）,（作表语）,（作主语）,Whatisthefunctionofgerundinthesentence?,翻译：1.爬山真是有趣。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.=2.我们正考虑明天出去吃饭。(thinkof，eatout)Wearethinkingofeatingouttomorrow.3.你的任务就是擦窗户。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.4.你介意为我们关窗吗？Doyoumindclosingthewindowforus?5.我们反对这样匆忙地离开。（objectedto，insuchahurry）Weobjectedtoleavinginsuchahurry.6.游泳池候车室,Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.,swimmingpool,waitingroom,Note:动名词的复合结构,在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?(主语?)Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?(主语?)如果动名词的主语不是句子的主语，可在动名词前加物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词或名词所有格形式来表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构。Doyoumind_(我）makingasuggestion?_（they)comingtohelpwasaencouragementtous.Idontlike_(Mike)smoking.,Jim,my,me,Jims,Their,Them,X,Mikes,Mike,Jim,我不介意他来Idontmindhimcoming.她讨厌年轻人抽烟。Shehatesyoungpeoplessmoking.,Fillintheblankswiththecorrectform,1.Hisjobis_(teach).2.Thenursesjobis_(look)afterthepatients.3.Thisisabig_(swim)pool.4.Shecanthelp_(laugh).5.Iremember_(do)theexercise.6.Imustremember_(do)it.7._(swim)isgoodforhealth,but_(swim)insuchapollutedriverisharmfultohealth.,teaching,looking,swimming,laughing,doing,todo,Swimming,toswim,/toteach,/tolook,动名词和动词不定式都有名词特征，句法功能相似。,动词不定式的构成：,(not)to+do(动词原形),动词不定式在句子可以做：,主语（Subject）表语（Predicative）宾语（Object）宾补（Objectcomplement）定语（Attributive）状语（Adverbial）,主语:不定式用作主语的用法,Togrowtreesisveryimportant.,Itisveryimportanttogrowtrees.,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。,Sayinanotherway,usingit.Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.TochatwithMissWhiteisapleasantthing.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.,Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.ItisapleasantthingtochatwithMissWhite.Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.,It做主语的动词不定式句型1.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/necessary/interesting等.）of:adj.多为描述主语的品质特征（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）,作主语,Itiseasy_hertolearnEnglishwell.Itisclever_youtosolvetheproblem.,of,for,2、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.,我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。,Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.,3、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.,ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.,练习：对他来说，说英语很容易。对我们来说，努力学习是必要的。您能帮助我，真是太好了。,ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.,Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.,Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.,1、Itisnecessary_ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless_metobreakthecup.（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_thistable.(buy)4、Itismypleasure_theboxforyou.(carry),tobuy,for,of,tocarry,练习,5、轮到我们打扫教室了。Itisourturn_6、Towastetimeistoshortenlife.（翻译成中文）,tocleantheclassroom.,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,练习,表语：不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语,Mydreamistoownarobot.,Itsworkistocleantheroomeveryday.,主语多为duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等名词，主语通常不是人。,动词不定式做表语的作用：,说明主语内容,Completethefollowingsentences.1.Thedoctorssuggestionis_(take)moreexercise.2.Thebestwayis_(talk)toyourparents.3.Hisplanis_(今年夏天到北京旅游).4.Mypurposeis_(帮你解决这个问题).,totake,totalk,totraveltoBeijingthissummer,tohelpyousolvethisproblem,宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语,Theybegantoreadandwrite.,Sheforgottoclosethedoor.,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,plan,hope,learn,decide,wouldlike,begin,start,try,need,forget,choose,agree,promise等,下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过,考虑,值得建议,完成,练习喜欢,想象,禁不住忍受,保持,介意,Miss，consider，worth,suggest，finish，practise,enjoy，imagine，canthelp,Stand，keep/keepon，mind,Icantimagine_(marry)agirlofthatsort.Isugggest_(buy)thedictionary,marrying,buying,15.Wouldyoumindmy_(open)thedoor?,Completethefollowingsentences.1.I_(希望收到来信)yousoon.2.John_(不想当)thehostofthecharityshow.3.Theyre_(试着解决)theproblembyhimself.4.Millionsofpeople_(已学会使用)computers.,hopetohearfrom,doesntwanttobe,tryingtosolve,havelearnedtouse,think/find/consider+it+adj.+todo,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（）,不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：Ifoundtotalktohimagainnecessary.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.,动词不定式做宾语的句式：1）动词+todosth.,A.Ihopetofinishittomorrow.B.Sheplanstogoandteachinthecountry.,动词不定式做宾语的句式：2、动词疑问词+todo,Idontknow_next.Shecantdecide_.,作宾语,2)她不能决定买哪本书。,1)我不知道接下来该做什么。,whattodo,whichbooktobuy,1、Dontforget_.(关灯)2、Ihappened_whenhecalledme.（出去）3、Idontwant_.(依赖别人）4、Samislearning_.(怎样开车）5、Wepromise_theenvironment.(保护),toturnoffthelight,togoout,todependonothers,howtodriveacar,练习,toprotect,usedtodo过去做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事beusedtodoing习惯做某事,.动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补A.动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+todosth.作宾补:对宾语进行补充说明,1)Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2)Thedoctortoldmetohaveagoodrest.,常用动词有：ask,tell,allow,want等,wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodo,Completethefollowingsentences.1.MrLu_(叫我们交)ourhomeworkontime.2.Thedoctor_(建议格林先生喝)morewater.3.MrWu_(告诉学生别嚷)inclass.4.MrsRead_(希望儿子学)Englishwell.,asksustohandinadvisedMrGreentodrinktellsthestudentsnottoshoutwisheshersontolearn,动词多为感官动词、使役动词。一感：feel二听：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,lookat,Johnsmothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.,被动：,John_playthepianoeveryday.,ismadeto,.动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补B.动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+dosth.,不带to的不定式,help可带to，也可不带tohelpsb(to)dosth,在被动语态中则to不能省掉,1、Lethim_theworkatonce.(finish/tofinish)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople_?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen_theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_hereontime.(come/tocome),finish,talk,toenter,tocome,练习,5、Illhelpyou_thisproblem.(tosolve/solve)6、Iwishyouwillstaywithus.(改成简单句）7、Herstorymadeuslaugh.(改成被动句）,(to)solve,Iwishyoutostaywithus.,Weweremadetolaughbyherstory.,感官动词(feel,listento,hear,see,watch,lookat,notice)后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补.前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom.Iheardhersingingjustnow.,定语不定式用作定语1.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。,Wehavealotofhomeworktodo.,2.如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,Translation.1.MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2.Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.3.Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?4.Ivegotnothingtoworryabout.5.Imthirsty.Givemesomethingtodrink.6.Springisthebestseasontoplanttrees.7.Weall