医学英语 心脏ppt课件.ppt

SUMC2011-2012,Studentscopy,Thecardiovascularsystem,1,Whatisthecirculatorysystem?WhatdoestheCVsystemdo?InternalandexternalanatomyCardiaccycleHeartsoundsConductivesystemoftheheartBloodvesselsDiseasesoftheCVS,2,TheHeartandbloodvesselstogethermakeupthecardiovascularSystem.,CirculatebloodthroughoutentirebodyforTransportofoxygentocellsTransportofCO2awayfromcellsTransportofnutrients(glucose)tocellsMovementofimmunesystemcomponents(cells,antibodies)Transportofendocrineglandsecretions,3,TheHeart:locationinthorax,4,TheHeart:locationinthorax,ObliquePositionApex=LeftofMidline(5thICS),AnteriortorestofheartBase(posteriorsurface)sitsonvertebralcolumnSuperiorRight=3rdCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumSuperiorLeft=2ndCostalCartilage,1”leftmidsternumInferiorRight=6thCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumInferiorLeft=5thIntercostalSpaceatMidclavicularline,5,Serousmembrane,Continuouswithbloodvessels,TheHeart:musclelayersandcoverings,Connectivetiss,Endothilium,6,ExternalHeartAnatomy,Page44,7,TheHeart:Chambers,8,Ourcirculatorysystemisadoublecirculatorysystem.Thismeansithastwopartsparts.,therightsideofthesystemdealswithdeoxygenatedblood.,theleftsideofthesystemdealswithoxygenatedblood.,9,Circulation,Coronarycirculationthecirculationofbloodwithintheheart.Pulmonarycirculationtheflowofbloodbetweentheheartandlungs.Systemiccirculationtheflowofbloodbetweentheheartandthecellsofthebody.,10,TheHeart:Valves,Bicuspid(mitral)Tricuspid(AV)PulmonaryAortic(SL),11,HowdoestheHeartwork?,STEPONE,12,HowdoestheHeartwork?,STEPTWO,13,HowdoestheHeartwork?,Thecyclethenrepeatsitself.,STEPTHREE,14,15,FillingofHeartChamberstheCardiacCycle,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,16,TheHeart:CardiacOutput,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,Cardiacoutput(CO)totalventblood/minAmountofbloodpumpedbyeachsideoftheheartinoneminuteCO=(heartrateHR)x(strokevolumeSV)StrokevolumeVolumeofbloodpumpedbyeachventricleinonecontraction,17,S1-Whatisit?closingofthebicuspidandtricuspidvalves.(closureoftheAVvalves)ThePulmonicandAorticvalvesareopeningandbloodisbeingforcedintothearteriesS2-Whatisit?ThesoundsarebecauseoftheclosingofthePulmonicandAorticvalves(closureofthesemilunarvalves),18,19,ConductiveSystem,Actionpotential-electricalimpulsecausingthecontractionofheartmusclecells,TheSAnode,orpacemaker,initiatestheheartbeatandcausestheatriatocontractonaverageevery0.85seconds.TheAVnodeconveysthestimulusandinitiatescontractionoftheventricles.ThesignalfortheventriclestocontracttravelsfromtheAVnodethroughtheatrioventricularbundletothesmallerPurkinjefibers.,20,Electrocardiogram,Anelectrocardiogram(ECG)isarecordingoftheelectricalchangesthatoccurinthemyocardiumduringacardiaccycle.ThePwaveoccursjustpriortoatrialcontraction;theQRScomplexoccursjustpriortoventricularcontraction;andtheTwaveoccurswhentheventriclesarerecoveringfromcontraction.,21,TheVascularSystem,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,22,BloodVessels:Anatomy,Threelayers(tunics)TunicintimaEndotheliumTunicmediaSmoothmuscleTunicexternaMostlyfibrousconnectivetissue,23,ConductiveSystem,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,Figure11.5,24,TunicaexternaOutermostlayerelastinandcollagenStrengthens,AnchorsTunicamediaMiddlelayerCircularSmoothMuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunicaintimaInnermostlayerEndotheliumMinimizefrictionLumen,25,26,Artery/Veindifferences（归纳：dtwlv),27,28,29,30,Coronaryarterycirculation,31,Pulse,PulsepressurewaveofbloodMonitoredat“pressurepoints”wherepulseiseasilypalpated,32,MeasuringArterialBloodPressure,33,CardiovascularDiseases,Cardiovasculardiseasesincludethosethataffecttheheartandthosethataffecttheperipheralvascularsystem.Theheartandbloodvesselsmaybeprimarilyattackedbythesediseasesortheymaybesecondarilyaffectedasaconsequenceofanotherdisease.,34,RiskFactorsforCardiovascularDisease(sdosp),SmokingDiabetesObesityStressPhysicalInactivityHighBloodPressure140(systolic)