高考英语书面表达中如何组织语言.doc

高考英语书面表达中如何组织语言?江苏省兴化市唐刘高级中学 胡丽娟如何组织语言是能否写好各类文章的关键, 英语书面表达中语言的组织应注意如下几个要点： 首先，语言表达要有条理。文章思路的清晰，材料组织的合理，叙述顺序的层次分明都要依靠语言来表达，所以应把握好语言的条理性。每一自然段都要注意主题句的运用，用主题句阐明要点，使作者的意图一目了然；文中也应有较紧凑的结构; 文章的总结还要自然，突出主题并使文章的结构很完整。因此，组织语言时一定要通观全局，细细揣摩。例如，Today,which has brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First,. Second,. What makes things worse is that .（现在，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，。其次，。更为糟糕的是。）这一类“套路” 条理清晰, 层次分明，主题突出。又如has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. Some people .Others (已成为人们关注的热门话题。特别是在年轻人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。有人，还有人)这类开篇语自然地引出话题，简洁明了，直接表达了作者的观点。如写一篇关于谈论对Internet的看法时,作者可这样来安排布局: Nowadays, the Internet is playing a more and more important role in peoples daily life. However, peoples opinions are still divided on this point. (直接引出话题,并很自然地引起下文。)(第二段)Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly,Secondly,Last but not least,(先总后分，且层次分明). (第三段)Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that disadvantages are many. In the first place, .In the second place, . Finally, .(第四段)All in all, . A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of the Internet. (对全文进行总结，并点明主题)其次，语言表达要准确。文中写出的句子要求语法正确，即时态、语态和句子结构等的正确，还包括用词准确，表达地道、准确、通顺等，切忌出现中式英语，或一字一词地对照翻译。其中，时态能否用对是表达准确与否的一个重要方面。在表达事实、行为之间的先后关系时，可以用“一般”时态为基点，瞻前顾后，采用相应的时态。例如，报道、日记、故事之类的题材，通常是叙述过去发生的事情，所以，常用一般过去时。叙述时，应该以此为基点，“瞻前”该用过去完成时，“顾后”则用过去将来时。 在叙述当前的经常性事件、习惯以及自然现象时，通常立足于“一般现在时”，“瞻前”视具体情况使用一般过去时或现在完成时；“顾后”则用一般将来时。而在预测性、计划性的题材中，一般以一般将来时为立足点。当然，有些题材时间跨度大，非一言两语所能解决，在下笔之前，通观全局，确定好相关要点的立足点，灵活运用，就不难正确使用时态。另外，平时学习过程中要多读多背优秀的文章或段落，熟记常见的句子结构，并总结中英文表达方法的差异，养成用英语思维的习惯, 对书面表达的提高会有很大的帮助。 再次，上下文要连贯，叙述要流畅。语篇中段与段、句与句之间要根据实际的需要，有效地采取不同的连接手段或过渡词。如提出相对的观点或进行对照时，可用这些词：on the contrary, in spite of, but, however, yet, on the other hand, even if/though等。表原因、结果时，可用because, since, now that,及as a result, as a consequence, thus等词。表总结时，又可以用finally, at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in short, on the whole等过渡词。这些过渡词的适当使用，会使句与句之间的衔接更加自然，语篇更加连贯，紧凑，流畅，更具有逻辑性。 另外，对于基础较好的学生来说，适当使用从句、复杂句型或一些高级词汇也会给文章增色不少。如，下面三组例句：1. a. If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? (一般) b. Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do? (较好)2. a. When she heard the noise, she ran out of the room. (一般) b. The moment she heard the noise, she ran out of the room.（较好）3. a . As a result, the plan was a failure. （一般） b. The plan turned out to be a failure. (较好)b组的例句都适当、合理地使用从句、复杂句型或一些高级词汇，相对于a组例句来说，给人以地道、深刻的感觉，也反映了学生的英语表达能力和水平。当然，基础薄弱的学生还应根据自己的情况和能力量力而行，否则，得不偿失。附: 2005年山西高考英语书面表达优秀作文一篇及评析; 2005年全国高考英语书面表达范文一篇及评析。2005年山西高考英语作文题目要求： 假定你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信息不明确（箭头所指内容）。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。 满分作文Dear Sir/Madame, Im a student and Im receiving English-training in Oxford University. Ive planned to make a trip to London on Sunday. Several days ago, I happened to find an advertisement for a truly exciting day tour on the Internet. However, there is still some information unclear. So Im writing to you to make them clear. （简述中提出作者意图，“happened to”一词表达到位，反映出学生有一定的词汇量。 “However”巧妙地引出下文） First, I dont know whether shopping time during the tour is arranged. As you know, Id like to do some shopping in London. Secondly, it is about the price. I wonder whether the price provided includes the entrance fees and the expense for lunch. Whats more, what about the price for students? Lastly, I want to know the time to return besides the start-time. （本段中用“First，Secondly，Lastly, ”贯穿其中，使文章很有条理。“Whats more” 自然递进，进一步陈述作者的疑问。两次“whether”引导的名词性从句的运用，使语意明了简洁，也反映了学生的语言表达能力。） Thats all. Your early reply will be appreciated. （简单自然地结束全文）2005年全国卷三书面表达题目要求假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。赞成迁出：反对迁出：1 游客多，交通堵塞2 郊区环境好1 建于1906年，中外闻名2 搬迁易造成动物死亡范文Dear Editor,Recently, our class has had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.（开篇自然，引出话题）Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at the home and abroad. So it should remain where it is.本文中“Some of my classmates”，“ other students”有效地根据需要罗列出不同的看法，使文章层次清楚，行文连贯