英语学习与西方文化

西方文化与英语学习,Westernculturemorality),Whytherearesomanylanguages?,ThestoryofbuildingBabel巴别塔Bible/Genesis创世纪11:1-9:GodconfusingpeopleslanguageGenesis11:1:Nowthewholeearthhadonelanguageandthesamewords.(那时，天下人的口音言语都是一样。)Genesis11:1:ThereforeitsnamewascalledBabel,becausetheretheLORD(God)confusedthelanguageofalltheearth.,Babel巴别塔,TwoMajorFoundationsinWesternCulture,1.theGreco-Romanfoundation(古希腊罗马文化基石)Thespiritofrationality理性主义精神2.theJudeo-Christianfoundation（犹太-基督教文化基石）pursuitofGod:thesupernaturalbeing,AncientGreekCulture,Threemastersofthinking:Socrates（苏格拉底）Plato（柏拉图）Aristotle（亚里斯多德）focusingonpursuitoffreedom,democracyandtruthinnatureandinhumanbeing,RomanLaws,TheJustinianlawcode(undertheEmperorJustinian)themostsystematicandcompletesummaryoflaws.,Christianity,1.Birththegodofmetal-workingtechnology*Hermes-MercuryHermesthesonofZeus;Zeusmessenger;thegodlookingaftermerchants,touistsinchargeoftheseas波塞冬；海神Cf海龙王/龙王爷*Hestia-VestaZeussister,thegoddessforkitchenandhome.Cf.灶神,GreekMythologyvs.RomanMythology-5,*Hades-Pluto(cf.阎王inChineseculture)*Persephone-ProserpinathewifeofHades.冥后*Dionysus-Bacchusthegodofwinedifficulty:greysituation;greyman4.redViolent:redhands,颜色词语的文化意义-3,5.bluedepressed:abluemoodSexy:abluejoke6.purpleBlushed:bepurplewithangerRoyalpower:raisesb.Tothepurple7.greenInexperienced:agreenhand,TabooluckydogLikeme,likemydogDragon:inChinese,anlegendaryauspiciousanimalinEnglish,anevilmonsterAleopardcantchangeitsspots.本性难改。,3majorstylesofEnglish,Style:differentwordsandexpressionsindifferentsituations:Formalstyle：正式语体Neutralstyle：中间性语体Informalstyle：非正式语体buddy-friend(哥们-朋友)gentleman-man-chappassaway-die-popoff,LoanwordsinEnglish,BesidesLatin,GreekandFrench,Englishhaskeptborrowingwordswithoutceasingfromotherlanguages:1fromItalian(chieflyartterms)fresco(壁画)；sonata(奏鸣曲);operascenario(=plan)2.fromSpanishplaza(广场=square);cargo(货物);guitar,LoanwordsinEnglish-2,3.fromGermandock(码头=wharf)plunder(抢劫=rob/loot)4.fromPortuguesecobra(眼镜蛇)；veranda(阳台=balcony)5.fromDutchbooze(酒宴),LoanwordsinEnglish-3,6.fromArabicsultan(苏丹)；harem(闺房);algebra;zero;jihad;Al-Qaeda7.fromJapanesetycoon;typhoon;judo(柔道)；sushi(寿司：一种日本点心);karaoke;tatami8.fromChinesefengshui;yin;yang;kungfu9.fromIndianguru(宗教教师；领袖/头头),BritishEnglish二楼(BE)2.同一个概念在英美语中用不同词表达Eg.sidewalk(AE)-pavement(BE)movie(AE)-film(BE)can(AE)-tin(BE),BritishEnglishBaldwin;Harald;Herold;Barbell;Read;Reid;Reed,etc.Themeaningsofthesenamesarenowvaguebecauseoflongtime.,EnglishpersonnamesRichard;William3)Latinorigin:Celia(from“Caelum”天)Charles;Caroline;CarolCarola(fromCarolus),EnglishpersonnamesAndrew;James;John;Philip;Thomas;SimonB.4authorsofGospels:Matthew;Mark;Luke;John,EnglishpersonnamesDavid;Stephen;Paul;Solomon;Timothy;Rebecca;Isaac(IsaacNewton牛顿);Christina(femaleChrist);AbrahamLincoln(16thPresidentoftheUSA):thefirstpatriarchofJewsBenjaminFranklin:theyoungestsonofJacobJacob:sonofIsaac,whoissonofAbraham,Englishpersonnamesitisusuallynamedafterthenameofonesmother,god-father,god-mother.Theuseofmiddlenamegrewpopularin19thcentury.Eg.GeorgeBernardShaw,EnglishpersonnamesWilson;Thomson,etc.,Englishpersonnamesthelastworkbeforedeath之意.,Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins,Eg1:AlltheticketshavebeensoldforthesingersperformanceinLondonthisweek-thepublicclearlybelievesthatthiswillbeherswansongEg2:TheTempestwasW.Shakespearesswansongin1612,Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins-,Odysseys:long-distanceadventurousjourney(fromHomersOdysseus)Trojanhorse:内部颠覆者Mentor:friendofOdysseus,whoentrustedhissontohim.良师益友SwordofDamocles:随时可能发生的危险。PandorasBoxPrometheanfire,III.Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins,Godknows=IdontknowManproposes,Goddisposes.谋事在人，成事在天Makebrickswithoutstraw（fromExodus出埃及记）做无米之炊Insackclothandashes:处于悲痛之中,Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins,DoubtingThomasTheoldAdamThepatienceofJobGoodSamaritanDavidandJonathan:莫逆之交Paintthelily:画蛇添足（fromShakespearesplay-KingJohn）,Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins-,Muchadoaboutnothing:无事生非AplayofHamletwithoutthePrinceofDenmark没有中心人物的活动。Thesloughofdespond：绝望的深渊。PilgrimsProgress天路历程,Englishidioms&itsculturalorigins,3.Castpearlsbeforeswine（珍珠投在猪猡前面）：对牛弹琴；白费好意4.separatethesheepfromthegoats：区别好坏，分清良莠新约马太福音记述：“Andbeforehimshallbegatheredallnations；andheshallseparatethemonefromanotherasashepherddivideshissheepfromthegoats”carrycoalstoNewcastle（把煤送到纽卡斯尔）：多此一举,Top10recommendedEnglishreadings-1,1.OfStudies(essay):FrancisBacon(1561-1626)2.Sonnet18(poetry):WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)3.Hamlet(ActIII-Scene1:monologue)(drama)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)4.IWanderedLonelyasaCloud(poetry):WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)5.TheGettysburgAddress(speech):AbrahamLincoln,Top10reco